Definition: climbing natural rock walls in the wild; Generally, it is the difficulty or bouldering route after development and cleaning, also known as traditional climbing.
Advantages: you can get close to nature and fully appreciate the fun of rock climbing; The angle of rock wall and the diversity of rocks bring about the ever-changing climbing route; Because the rock wall is fixed, the route is open and can be preserved for a long time, the classification of natural rock wall can be compared by many people and become the main basis for rock climbing classification.
Disadvantages: the outdoor rock site is remote, the traffic is inconvenient, and the time and money are expensive; Route planning is also very laborious. Route development will age after a long time.
2. Sports climbing
Definition: Rock climbing on artificial rock climbing walls, including indoor climbing gyms and outdoor artificial rock walls, is mostly used for training and competition, so it is also called competitive rock climbing;
Advantages: the safety of climbers is higher; Convenient transportation, saving time and effort; There are few unforeseeable factors, and regular training or special training can be carried out; Intensive personnel, easy to exchange ideas; In addition, the artificial rock wall can set the confidentiality of the route, thus becoming the main form of rock climbing competition.
Disadvantages: lack of special terrain, less creativity and little room for free play; The adjustability of fulcrum makes the route of artificial rock wall constantly change, and the classification is more subjective and less accurate. Compared with the natural rock wall route, the problem will be more acute, and the more difficult the manual route is, the higher the strength requirement is. 1. Free climbing
Definition: Climb by your own strength without the help of protective equipment (main rope, quick hanging, iron lock, etc.). );
Features: This climbing form is dominant in China, which is more in line with the significance of sports and tests people's potential.
Freestyle is subdivided into:
immediately
I just looked up and didn't fall once. I didn't try or practice, nor did I slide down from it to study the route carefully. This is the best explanation for the climber's ability.
Red dot
You are allowed to fall many times during practice, but you can climb from the bottom to the top at least once without falling. The red dot route can explain how much the climber can achieve as a free pioneer.
2. Equipment climbing
Definition: climbing with the aid of equipment;
Features: It is often used for large wall climbing, and sometimes it is difficult to pass the route beyond the climber's ability with the help of equipment. Its significance lies in the climber's project goals and activities, not in overcoming difficult movements. The requirements for instrument operation are higher.
3. Definition of top rope climbing: a protection point is set in advance at the upper end of the rock wall, and the main rope is protected by the protection point, so that the climber does not need to operate instruments during climbing.
Features: safety, no impact when falling off, suitable for beginners; However, the requirements for rock walls are harsh, and the height of rock walls must be appropriate (8 to 20 meters), and the lateral span of the route is not large. Because the preliminary operation needs to bypass the roof, the work of erecting and removing the protection point is more complicated. Sometimes, for the convenience of beginners, a top rope can be erected on the route climbed by pioneers.
4. Sports climbing
Definition: mark the route with several expansion nails and pendants in advance. When climbing, the quick lifting piece is buckled into the lifting piece to become a protection point, and buckled into the main rope to protect itself. Climbers need to operate while climbing.
Features: It is the most popular in Europe, especially in France. Safer than traditional rock climbing, it can reduce the influence of fear factors on rock climbing, so as to go all out to break through the physiological limit and challenge the highest difficulty. In addition, the pioneer climbing method is more convenient than the top rope protection in the route with large angle or large lateral span, which can make the climber easily return to the falling place after falling and practice the difficulties repeatedly. Because of this way, rock climbing has changed from an adventurous and exciting sport to a safe physical training, so pioneer rock climbing is called sports rock climbing. Difficult rock climbing
It is a climbing competition to distinguish the advantages and disadvantages of athletes' achievements by the difficulty of climbing routes. The result of the difficult rock climbing competition is judged by the height of the rock wall reached by the players within the specified time. During the competition, the players are protected by tethers below, climbed up with ropes, and hung up the middle protection lanyards in turn according to the competition regulations. The height of the rock wall in the competition is generally 15 meters, and the route is set by the route setter according to the level of the contestants, so it is generally difficult to hit the eaves.
Speed climb
Just like the 100-meter race in track and field competition is full of rhythm and jumping, according to the specified route, the advantages and disadvantages are distinguished by time.
Bouldering competition
The line is short and difficult, and it requires good explosiveness and flexibility. Set the finish line and scoring point, grasp the scoring point to make effective actions to score, and hold the finish line with both hands for 3 seconds to score. There are usually 4 to 6 routes in the competition, and one route lasts for 5 minutes. To judge the ranking, look at the ending points first. If the finish line also depends on the number of points scored, the last one depends on the number of climbs. There are many kinds of rock climbing, which can be divided into speed climbing, difficulty climbing and boulder climbing according to the nature of the competition. There are three kinds of sports competitions in the world every year.
Flash:
Athletes can collect relevant information and observe the route before the competition, and successfully climb to the top for the first time in the climbing process.
Pay at sight:
Before the competition, the athletes knew nothing about the route information and climbed while observing.
Red dot climb (red dot):
Athletes can repeatedly observe and try to climb the route as long as they finally reach the finish line.
Speed climb:
The upper tether is protected, and the athletes climb at a certain speed according to the specified route. Athletes decide the ranking of each round according to the time it takes to complete the competition route.
Bouldering:
The rock height shall not exceed 4m, and each route shall not exceed 12 fulcrum. Athletes don't wear protective ropes when climbing. According to the different landforms, rock climbing techniques can be divided into two categories: rock work and ice and snow work, among which rock climbing techniques on rocky cliffs are referred to as rock climbing techniques for short. Rock climbing is a sport originated from mountaineering. Even if climbers choose the easiest route to climb the peak of several thousand meters, they will inevitably encounter some cliffs on the way, so rock climbing is also a basic skill of mountaineering.