It is the eye of information and the concentrated expression of information content or theme. It is often composed of leading topics (also called shoulder topics, eyebrow topics or side topics) arranged above the main topic, topics with the largest font size in the middle (also called main topic), and sub-topics (also called sub-topics) arranged below the main topic for supplementary explanation. But not every message must have these three headlines. The title should be accurate, novel, vivid, eye-catching and attractive.
Example 1: Single line title:
Today's pawn shops, "pawn" has no loss (topic)
The title skillfully uses idioms and puns to vividly reveal the main content of the report-pawnshops in the new era treat customers sincerely and solve problems for people.
Nutritional lunch: spend a good full moon (topic)
This title also vividly summarizes the problems that the quality of nutritious lunch for primary and secondary school students needs to be improved and further improved.
Example 2: Multi-line title:
Treat calmly, relatively calmly (quote)
Beijing does not believe in tears (topic)
This is the headline of a critical news published by Beijing Daily on September 23rd 1993 after China failed to bid for the 2000 Olympic Games. The two topics are used together and complement each other, which clearly and implicitly shows the correct attitude we should adopt.
On August 7th, 1945, The New York Times reported the atomic bomb on the front page with the title:
The first atomic bomb fell in Japan (quote)
The missile equivalent is 20,000 tons of TNT (topic)
Truman warned the enemy that it would rain "rain of destruction" (subtitle)
(2) Introduction
It is the beginning of information, usually the first sentence or the second sentence or the first paragraph. It summarizes the most important and fresh facts or reveals the theme in the news with extremely concise words, which urges readers or listeners to have a strong audio-visual desire to "understand the following". A good lead is a "magnet", which is a bait to attract people to look down.
The common ways to write the lead are as follows:
1. Summary formula
That is to briefly introduce and explain the most important and fresh content in the news, so that people can have an overall understanding of the basic facts reported first. For example, the lead of the news "My 300,000 troops successfully crossed the river":
2 1 day, 300,000 people from the heroic People's Liberation Army crossed the river.
(Xinhua News Agency 1949, 2 am on April 22)
This introduction is highly concise.
2. Descriptive style
It is to describe the relevant characters and scenes in the news concisely first, so that they can be vividly displayed in front of the readers, thus having an immersive feeling. Such as the message of "capture the king alive" led by the leader:
At 8: 00 a.m. on September 28th, at the bridgehead of Zhangjiaqiao, Mihe River, Shouguang County, north of Ji Jiao Road, a "businessman" was detained at the checkpoint of Shouguang Public Security Bureau. The man was wearing an old black cotton robe, covering his face with a towel and lying on the cart moaning. This is Wang, chairman of the Kuomintang Shandong Province who escaped from Jinan.
(Xinhua News Agency1948,65438+10,10)
ask questions
At the beginning, the main contradictions or questions of news facts are clearly put forward in the form of questions to arouse people's attention and thinking, and then the facts are briefly answered. For example:
Have you ever seen a peach with black skin and meat? Recently, the reporter interviewed Xinqiao Township, Gaoshan Forest District, Changshan County, western Zhejiang Province, and witnessed this strange "Queen of Spades" with his own eyes.
4. Conclusion formula
At the beginning of the news, put forward the results or conclusions of the news facts that people are most concerned about. Mostly used to report major events or scientific research and production. For example:
Practice has proved that space and economy promote each other, and "space economy" has become a brand-new modern economic form. The success of Shenzhou 5's first manned space flight triggered a brand-new economic phenomenon-"Shenzhou 5 economy" in a sense.
Step 5 compare
Contrastive guidance refers to comparing one place with another, the present with the past, etc. Highlight the achievements and facts of the news to be reported through comparison. For example:
Compared with ten years ago, the vigorous vitality of the film industry seems to be gone, and the economic situation of the studio is in trouble. People are thinking: Where is the way out for China films?
6. Critical style
At the beginning of the news, first make a brief and accurate evaluation of the reported facts, and clearly reveal their essence, influence or significance. For example:
As a pernicious influence in feudal times, bride price is still harmful, resulting in many marriage tragedies.
7. quotes
Quote the original words or related materials of news figures from the beginning, thus giving readers a vivid impression. For example:
"To be a good citizen, rules are indispensable; Law-abiding, do not forget; Neighborhood is fate, and the relationship should be good ... "Over the past few months, this catchy" Folk Song of Civilized Citizens "has been widely circulated in Jinan, bringing bursts of new civilization.
(iii) Theme
This is the core of the message and belongs to the backbone of the message. After the lead, spread and expand the lead, describe the content of the message comprehensively and concretely, and answer or explain the questions raised in the lead in order to enrich and verify the content in the lead. When writing, you should pay attention to:
1. Rich content
The subject is the concretization of the lead. In order to help people understand the reported facts comprehensively and completely, detailed materials and meaningful words are needed. If you just write in general terms, it will give people the feeling of vague content and vague impression, and will lose the main role.
2. Clear the hierarchy
Because the materials used in the article are complicated, especially some complicated events are often crowded and chaotic, so we should pay attention to the coherence and consistency of our speech.
The structural level of this part can be arranged according to the time sequence or flashback of events, the internal relationship of things and the logical relationship of problems, or the combination of the two. In short, according to the needs of the content, we should adopt the structure that is the easiest to express the content.
3. The language is concise
Although the body of the message states specific factual materials, it is required that the narrative pen and ink should be concise and clear, and the summary should be down-to-earth, and everything should be described in detail, especially to avoid repeating the words in the lead. Only in this way can we bring readers freshness and interest in reading.
(iv) Background
This is news material that helps readers or listeners understand the environment and reasons of the reported events. It is used to explain the specific situation of news, the nature and significance of news, with the aim of better highlighting the theme, thus increasing the depth and weight of news reports.
Commonly used as background materials are explanatory materials, explanatory materials and comparative materials.
(5) End
This part is usually the last sentence or the last natural paragraph of the information. Its function is not only to make the structure more complete, but also to clarify the main idea, deepen the impression and enhance the aftertaste. In the form of expression, or clarify the conclusion, or point out the trend, or take care of the beginning, or support the meaning. Don't stick to a pattern and try to avoid formulation. If the above meaning has been clearly expressed in the main part, there is no need to gild the lily at the end. When the main part is finished, you can naturally close the pen.