Folk literature mythologized Zhuge Liang from various angles intentionally or unintentionally. The folk built a temple for Zhuge Liang, and pairs were posted on both sides of the temple. The first part of this pair is "Take the two rivers, arrange eight arrays, capture six out of seven, light forty-nine lights before the five posts, and concentrate only on three concerns", and the second part is "Take the western Shu, set the barbarians, reject the east and west, turn gold into civil divination in China's army account, and the water can only be attacked by fire". Zhuge Liang's life is basically in it, and everything is earth-shattering. So, is he that god? What kind of person was Zhuge Liang in history?
Zhuge Liang's ability mainly refers to his military achievements. Zhuge Liang was really born to know that the world is divided into three parts, which is clearly recorded in the annals of the Three Kingdoms and Longzhong Dui. Zhuge Liang "plowed" when he was young, and he was good at "Fu Liang Yin". Liu Bei dug him up mainly because Zhuge Liang was a strategist. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms says that he was a strategist as soon as he came out of the mountain, and he took the direction to mobilize all the generals-Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and Zhao Yun. In fact, real history is not like this. Zhuge Liang is a strategist. As soon as he came out of the mountain, Liu Bei named him a military commander. The military adviser corps commander is an official in charge of logistics supply, equivalent to our current director of local taxation bureau, who supplies troops through tax collection and reimbursement. He hasn't proved his professional ability and qualification, so he can't attend Battle of Red Cliffs. Because Liu Bei knew Zhuge Liang was eloquent, he sent Zhuge Liang to Soochow to persuade Sun Quanlian and Liu Kangcao.
This time in Battle of Red Cliffs, Zhou Yu was alone, alone. Look at the poem left by history, "When I think of Gong Jin, Xiao Qiao is newly married, handsome and handsome, laughing and laughing, he disappears." This is what Zhou Yu said, and few people say Zhuge Liang; "Who is the hero of the world? Cao Liu, if you have children, just like Sun Zhongmou. " This is what Sun Quan said, and there is no praise for Zhuge Liang. Zhuge Liang did not participate in the command of Battle of Red Cliffs, and Battle of Red Cliffs was basically under the command of Zhou Yu.
Some people say that's wrong. Zhuge Liang knew three points of the world before he was young, and he came here to "know astronomy above and geography below." You see, from the beginning, after Zhuge Liang fought Confucianism, Zhou Yu was the one who hit Huang Gai, and one was willing to fight and the other was willing to suffer. Then there is false surrender; After the false surrender, Zhuge Liang appeared and set up a seven-star altar to borrow the east wind; Finally, directly burn Chibi. In this process, Pang Tong skillfully offered a series of stratagems.
Judging from the whole process, Zhuge Liang did not take part in commanding operations. Some people think that the core of Battle of Red Cliffs is that Zhuge Liang borrows from the east wind, but in fact Zhuge Liang never borrows from the east wind. The fact is that Zhou Yu has lived here for a long time and knows the current climate. He knows that there will be a period of southeast wind blowing every winter. Zhou Yu burned Cao Cao, which had nothing to do with Zhuge Liang. Some people say that a straw boat borrows an arrow, which Zhuge Liang always does. This is nonsense. There is a story in history about a straw boat borrowing an arrow, but the protagonist of the straw boat borrowing an arrow is not Zhuge Liang, but Sun Quan. Moreover, it was not the right time for the straw boat to borrow an arrow, not Battle of Red Cliffs, but Battle of Red Cliffs five years later. In the battle of Sui and Xu, Sun Quan confronted Cao Cao across the river.
Here is Zhang Yao, the general of Cao Cao, and there is Sun Quan personally leading the troops to bid. At that time, Sun Quan destroyed Cao Cao in the first battle. After that, Cao Bing couldn't hold on. In order to find out the real situation of Cao Ying water town, one day Sun Quan sailed down the river by fog and set sail. He was afraid that Cao Mengde would suddenly attack him, so he cheered loudly and made his boat look like a fleet to see the bride off. Cao Cao can't see clearly, he doesn't know the truth or the reality, and he doesn't know how many ships have come. In desperation, he asked the soldiers to send thousands of arrows, all of which hit the sides of these ships, and soon the ships tilted. Sun Quan said, turn around quickly. As a result, the second side was also full. Sun Quan went back with these arrows. This happened to Sun Quan and had nothing to do with Zhuge Liang.
A reader friend said, didn't you ruin Zhuge Liang? As we know, Zhuge Liang is a great man. Why did you say he didn't do anything? He did it. Let's talk about what the real Zhuge Liang did and how we can evaluate him. Zhuge Liang is an eloquent but bitter man. He not only had brilliant achievements in arguing Confucianism, but also directly scolded old Wang Lang to death in front of the two armies. Wang Lang wanted to persuade Zhuge Liang to surrender to Cao Wei with his golden words and two lines of clever teeth. The old man thought he was capable, but he didn't expect Zhuge Liang to speak more fluently than he did. Before he came up, Zhuge Liang handed me the words-"You bearded old thief, bald head." Wang Lang came up with a mouthful of phlegm and choked him. Zhuge Liang scolded him again, and he couldn't get up in one breath. At that time, the old man fell off his horse in a hurry and died. From here, we can see Zhuge Liang's eloquence and his vitriol.
Zhuge Liang is not only the best debater, but also a good actor. You remember Zhuge Liang and Zhou Yu. Of course, Zhuge Liang did not do it, but Zhuge Liang did it. After Zhou Yu's death, Liu Bei sent Zhuge Liang to Chai Sang to offer condolences. Chai sang is now Jiujiang, and it was called Chai sang in Han Dynasty. Zhuge Liang began to cry as soon as he came in. "This is Gong Jin's loss, but it is also Gong Jin's pain." . Zhuge Liang shed tears without pepper spray, which shows that Zhuge Liang is a good actor of the acting school.
Zhuge Liang has a strong desire for power, some are ambitious, not enough to assess the situation, and a little greedy for vanity. He said in "Out of the Table": "Since I was appointed, I have been worried day and night, fearing that the entrustment will be invalid, which will hurt the understanding of the first emperor. Therefore, in May, nothing grows after crossing the Lushui River. Now that the south is stable and well-armored, it's time to get rid of the turbidity, get rid of the adulterers and return to the Han Dynasty. " At that time, Shu was the weakest of the three countries. You see, at the beginning of the Model, it says: "Today, three points will be spent, and the profit will be exhausted, which is also a dangerous autumn." According to the truth, since the national strength is not good, when it comes to success or death, we should quickly close the door and develop our own economy. Zhuge Liang instead made great efforts to compete with Cao Wei for world orthodoxy. Finally, the national strength of Shu is getting weaker and weaker. When Zhuge Liang died, Jiang Wei couldn't stay alone.
This is directly related to Zhuge Liang's exhaustion of fishing, burning forest for hunting and killing geese to get eggs. Look at Wuhou Temple in Chengdu. There is a couplet on it, which is well written. The first one is called "If you can be aggressive, you will be self-defeating. Since ancient times, you have known that soldiers are not good at fighting. The second part is called "It is wrong not to judge the situation, and then you should think deeply." This means that you must assess the situation. Some people say that Zhuge Liang is too strict with the people below and is not tolerant at all, but the author of this couplet tells everyone that the premise of combining leniency with severity is to assess the situation. In the face of the world situation at that time, Shu should protect itself, develop its economy and make great efforts instead of actively attacking others. Why did Zhuge Liang fight when his national strength was consumed to such an extent? Because he knew that his health was failing, he wanted to make a contribution while he was alive. This is not for comfort, but for personal achievements. So from this perspective, Zhuge Liang is a bit selfish and wants to be famous.
Speaking of this, some readers may be unconvinced and say, in that case, why do you still build Wuhou temples in various places to worship Zhuge Liang and make him a saint? Attention, everyone, this is Luo Guanzhong's beautification of Zhuge Liang, and the rulers of all previous dynasties consciously beautified Zhuge Liang. Why are you doing this? This is to tell the people that Zhuge Liang is so capable and does not rebel, but he is wholeheartedly assisting the emperor. How dare you? Help me honestly. Flattering Zhuge Liang is to brainwash everyone politically so that they don't rebel. Emperors of past dynasties and intellectuals around them all know what is going on, and they all know that singing Zhuge Liang is actually for self-protection.
This way of thinking not only influenced many civil servants and military commanders, but also puzzled some great writers. We have studied a lot of Du Fu's poems, and Du Fu also touted Zhuge Liang in his poems according to this idea: "Where is the hall of fame, in a deep pine forest near Silk City; The green grass in spring dyed the steps red, and the birds sang happily under the leaves; The third call aggravated his state affairs, and he gave him a real heart for two generations; But before he conquered, he died, and since then the heroes have been crying on their coats. "