A new probe into "virtual eyebrow"
Wuhan University Advanced Research Center China Research Class Wang Ying
Han Yong, School of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Wuhan University
One is a fairy flower in Yuen Long, and the other is a beautiful jade. If there is no strange fate, I will meet him again in my life. If there is a strange fate, how can my heart be empty? One is vanity, the other is water and the other is a flower in the mirror. How can there be a lot of tears in your eyes, how can it flow from autumn to winter and from spring to summer?
This is the fifth time Jia Baoyu heard it when he was sleepwalking in a dream of red mansions. For a long time, most readers have taken it for granted that "Yuen Long Xianpa" refers to Daiyu, "Beautiful jade is flawless" refers to Baoyu, and "Charming Eyebrows" has always been regarded as a swan song to praise Baochai's love for life and death. However, if we can put aside this preconceived idea, we can make a detailed study of Wen Qu itself.
Mr. Zhou once expressed doubts about this traditional view in the article 1 Mystery of Golden Jade. He thinks that the stones in A Dream of Red Mansions are inherently flawed, and Zhifu also points out that the "red defect" of "red servant in the palace" is the double meaning of "ruby" and "jade disease". This is the case with the Introduction, and Life's Mistake is even more distinctive ―― Try to send a fool's longing and I only read marriage in front of the wood and stone. Obviously, it is Baoyu's own tone, but after the song "Bend the eyebrow", Baoyu turned to Yuan Chun with the words "I listen to this song aimlessly, which may not be beneficial ... just to relieve boredom temporarily". Furthermore, the "stone" in the "alliance of wood and stone" is different from the "jade" after all, and opposing the "marriage of gold and jade" is just denying the "jade" ―― so Baoyu threw it several times, and Mr. Zhou came to the conclusion that "lying in Ning Mei" is not designed for the "alliance of wood and stone", but actually refers to two women who are closely related to Baoyu, one of whom is like this.
At this point, the author generally agrees with Mr. Zhou's premise. However, the author holds different views on his next assertion that "Xianpa in Yuen Long refers to Shi Xiangyun and Meiyu refers to Lin Daiyu". After careful textual research and analysis of Wan's full text, the author dares to put forward new opinions, and thinks that Xianpa refers to Lin Daiyu, and the two pieces of jade "Innocent" in the book are bright and dark, virtual and real, which are closely related to Baoyu. Therefore, "Blink Eyebrows" is really a joint biography of Dai Miao, so please criticize and advise the seniors in the red circle.
First of all, the classic "Ji" in "Yuen Long Garden" of "Fairy Flowers in Yuen Long" reads: "The Queen Mother of the West lives in the palace, in Langfeng Garden, a city thousands of miles away, and the Jade Building is twelve". Obviously, "Yuen Long" is short for "Lang Feng Garden". Li Yishan once said, "The twelve-story city is to the west of Yuen Long". Secondly, there is "a beautiful flower" in Shuowen, which shows that the "fairy flower" of "a fairy flower in Yuen Long" means fairy flower. Look at Daiyu's crimson pearl fairy grass again, and the first episode of A Dream of Red Mansions will be confessed. It was born on the Three Holy Stones Shore of the Western Spiritual Bank. Although "Western Heaven" looks similar to the Que Palace where the Queen Mother of the West lives, and "Yuen Long" and "San Sheng Shi An" both look like fairyland, we still can't immediately conclude that "Fairy of Yuen Long", so we might as well change our perspective for the time being. There is a saying in Li Shen's Poem of Begonia in the Tang Dynasty that "there are strange trees on the seashore, and you know that you have planted fairy mountains. Qiong Rui heard about Yuen Long in his book, and you can see Penglai in the autonomous map". Later, in the Poem of Begonia written by Shen Li, a poet in the Song Dynasty, there was also a sentence of "suddenly recognizing the prostitute in Liangyuan and deeply suspecting the fairy in Yuen Long", and Jia Dan, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote the Poem of Hundred Flowers. In this way, we can speculate that the word "Yuanlang Xianpa" in Wanning Beauty refers to begonia. It is particularly noteworthy that the word "pa" appeared only twice in the first eighty chapters of A Dream of Red Mansions. In addition to Xianpa in Yuen Long, the 17th edition of Examination of Grand View Garden describes Haitang in the West House of Hongyi Garden.
Let's talk about the relationship between begonia and crimson pearl grass first. Although Haitang is not called crimson pearl, Wang said in Qunfangpu that "only Haitang is beautiful in color, and it is regarded as pale crimson", and many poems about Tang Dynasty compare the bud of Haitang to "pearl", such as "The day before yesterday, Haitang was not broken, but only dyed a little rouge. Moreover, the Xifu Begonia, which "pours into the flowers of red sand", is a spring begonia, belonging to woody plants, just like the "wood" of the "wood-stone alliance", but it seems to contradict the "grass" of the "crimson pearl grass". However, we can't ignore article 37 in Bai Haitang's Autumn Frost Zhai Occasionally Knots Begonia Society. It's a begonia, just a kind of herb, which coincides with the "grass" of "crimson pearl grass".
According to Cai Lan magazine's "Langya Collection" by Li Shizhen in Yuan Dynasty, "Once upon a time, there was a woman who missed what she wanted, but shed tears under the north wall. After that, the grass is sown, and its flowers are charming and the color is like a woman's face. Its leaves are green and red. It is called heartbroken flower, also known as Begonia August, which is now "Begonia August". Then contact Lippi.
Baoyu once said that the Xifu Begonia in Yee Hong Yuan "seems to help the disease if it is blushing and light" (the seventeenth time). Compared with Daiyu's "jiao disease", it is "flowery when quiet, like a weak willow when moving" (the third time), and there are many similarities between them. Baoyu's poem "Hongyi Kuaiqing" has a metaphor of "sleepless night in red makeup" (the eighteenth time). Compared with "(Daiyu) leaning on the railing of the bed, her hands clasped her knees, her eyes were like woodcarving and clay sculpture, and she didn't sleep until twenty days later" (the 27th time), "Daiyu" didn't sleep until the fourth watch ".In the spring before her death, this begonia flower died for no reason. It can be seen that the relationship between Haitang and Daiyu and even crimson pearl grass is extraordinary. Regarding the above-mentioned "Xianpa in Yuen Long", we know that Daiyu is the most suitable one.
Of course, in the sixty-third "Shouyihong Fangqun Banquet", Xiangyun picked up a Haitang engraved with "I'm afraid the flower will fall asleep in the middle of the night", so it can be judged that this flower-named Haitang belongs to Chunhaitang, and it seems that Xiangyun has a lot to do with Haitang. However, if Haitang refers to Xiangyun, then the relationship between the withering of Haitang and Qingwen's death will be lost, because it is difficult to find the direct connection between Xiangyun and Qingwen from the book in the 32nd chapter. The plots of Yuanyang, Jinchuan and Pinger also reveal the fact that Xiren helped Xiangyun ten years ago, which has nothing to do with Qingwen. Moreover, the seventy-sixth time I wrote that Xiangyun had insomnia because of "choosing a seat", which was different from Daiyu's anxiety, so she stayed up all night in red makeup and "Yuanlang Xianpa"
Secondly, the problem of "flawless jade". In A Dream of Red Mansions, besides Baochai, there are Jiang Yuhan, Bai Yuchuan, Miaoyu and Redjade, all of whom have the word "jade" in their names. Among them, Jiang Yuhan and Bai Yuchuan can be ruled out soon, because they are secondary characters in the book after all, and Jiang Yuhan is still alone. Although Redjade has the word "jade" in her name, according to Jigglypuff's criticism, we can know that she has important plots such as "Prison Temple to comfort Baoyu" in the last 30 books, but she has hidden the word "jade" since she appeared, and she is only called Xiaohong. Chapters 24, 26 and 27 also wrote about her love affair with Jia Yun, which naturally has nothing to do with "flawless jade". Miaoyu doesn't have much ink on the front of the book, but the meaning is extraordinary, and she lives among the twelve women in Jinling. More importantly, Cao Xueqin hinted at the extremely subtle relationship between her and Baoyu several times with a very subtle brushwork, although this brushwork may be often ignored by ordinary readers because of the fog.
The forty-first "Plum Blossom Snow in Cui Rui Temple Tea" has a lot of pen and ink worth pondering. Everyone in the Jia family swam to the Cuiqi Temple, and Miaoyu sent tea to the Jia family and others. "As he spoke, he pulled Baochai and Daiyu's skirts and followed them out. Baoyu quietly followed." Then "Miaoyu fanned the water on the stove and made a pot of tea", which shows that Miaoyu treated these three people differently. When Miaoyu poured Baoyu tea, the sentence was particularly strange: "I will fight Baoyu for the emerald I use for tea every day." We know Miaoyu doesn't want grandma Liu's cup because it's dirty. She also said, "I broke it when I used it. I can't give it to him." But she poured tea for a little boy like Baoyu, which was very subtle. Moreover, it is clearly the first time in the book that Baoyu is drinking tea in the Jade Temple. Where do the words "still" and "once fan" come from? If you think about it carefully here, you can feel that before this time, there were still many hidden texts of "writing without writing", and then Baoyu thought that the green jade bucket was a vulgar device. Miaoyu retorted, "I found a big one, carved into ten ring with 120 pieces of bamboo roots." This strange container seems to symbolize Miaoyu's indescribable nine ileum. But when Baoyu "praised plum blossom snow tea", Baoyu seemed to have understood his meaning, saying, "I know very well that I don't appreciate your kindness, but thank you two." Miao Yu was also quite satisfied, saying, "I understand this", and their words were more understandable.
Baoyu's couplet was ranked last in the 50th poem of Xue Lu Zheng Guang Ji Lian, and Li Wan punished him for asking Miaoyu for a red plum. "Everyone said that the punishment was elegant and interesting. Baoyu was happy and agreed to leave." Here Baoyu's "happy event" yesterday is worth pondering. But for the process of picking plums, Qin Xue just omitted writing, only mentioned that Baoyu said "I don't know how much spirit it took me" when he came back, and then wrote a colorful poem "Visiting Miaoyu begging for red berries", which was rather obscure. When Baoyu returned from his sixty-third birthday, Miaoyu boldly presented a pink note saying, "Miaoyu, an outsider, is ready to knock on Chen Fang". This kind of behavior is hard to understand in the eyes of the world, but it is Miao Yu's confession to her bosom friend and her struggle against fate.
It is worth mentioning that there are two very important details in the book, namely, Baoyu's residence is called Yuan, and Miaoyu's residence is called Bi Cuian, which are just the opposite in literal and peaceful terms, so I'm afraid it's not the author's idle writing. In addition, Hongyi Garden has pine trees, Xiaoxiang Pavilion has bamboo, and Cuiqi Temple has red berries. Baoyu, Daiyu and Miaoyu have "three friends who are old and cold", which can't be a coincidence. It can only be deliberately arranged by the author, suggesting that the relationship between Daiyu and Baoyu is different. The most important thing is that Miaoyu's judgment contains the phrase "the quality of jade is not good", and it is also clearly pointed out in the song "It's hard to tolerate on earth" that Miaoyu is "flawless white jade trapped in mud", so it is well-founded to call Miaoyu "flawless jade".
Since then, such sentences as "If there is no strange fate" and "If there is strange fate" have expressed Baoyu's doubts and questions about his fate in the inevitable tragic ending. "A sigh in vain" means that he is helpless alone, which is very consistent with Lin Daiyu's. An obvious example is the hibiscus flowers picked by Daiyu on the sixty-third occasion, with the inscription "Don't blame the east wind." Although she had fought against anxiety and anxiety in her own way at some time, she could only write "outsiders" in the invitation to Baoyu, which shows that a gap between the world and Buddhism can be easily isolated from everything, even if Miaoyu's temperament is as beautiful as a fairy, her talent is better than a fairy, and the pain of "worrying too much" has long been doomed.
The next "One is the Moon in the Water" is still for Miaoyu. In the first eighty chapters of A Dream of Red Mansions, only the seventy-sixth poem "The Lonely Poem of the Concave Crystal Pavilion" wrote in the water moon: "I saw the bright moon in the sky and the moon in the pool, winning glory from top to bottom." When Daiyu joined "Leng Yue's Mourning", Miaoyu suddenly turned out from behind the rocks and stopped her poetry, and the breath of the hidden moon mirror was faintly visible. Miaoyu also said, "I heard that you are all enjoying the moon and playing the flute well, so I came out to enjoy the moon in this clear pool." Miaoyu, who has always been claustrophobic in the ancient temple of Dengqing, came out to enjoy the moon at this time and mentioned "Clear Pool and Bright Moon" in her speech, probably unintentionally. "One is a flower in the mirror" naturally refers to Daiyu. The relationship between Daiyu and "Xianlong Xianpa" and "Leng Yue's Buried Flower Soul" has been discussed earlier. In the 28th episode, Baoyu's song "Endless Acacia Tears for Red Beans" at the Feng Ziying Banquet is completely a manifestation of Daiyu's homesickness and resentment, which is quite similar to Daiyu's remorse. Among them, there is a saying that "you can't see thinness in the mirror", which seems to be a flower in the mirror, and it is by no means a idle pen. Because there was an echo in the 57th time of Huizijuan's Love Story, Baoyu said to Zijuan, who was about to return to Xiaoxiang Pavilion, "I see there are three or two mirrors in your stationery. Please leave me the one with the little bells. I put it next to the pillow and have a good sleep. " Connecting all kinds of clues, we can see that "flower in the mirror" is a metaphor for Daiyu, and Daiyu and Daiyu are combined into "flower in the mirror, water in the moon", which shows that their ideals and aspirations, although beautiful, are as difficult to become a reality as illusory flowers in the mirror and water in the moon.
There is one more thing to add here. As mentioned above, the author thinks that "sighing in vain" and "carefree sorrow" refer to Daiyu and Miaoyu respectively, while the following "moon in the water" and "flower in the mirror" refer to Miaoyu and Daiyu respectively. Comparing the two, it is not difficult to find that there is no corresponding relationship between the upper and lower sentences in Wen Qu. It seems unreasonable, but at the same time, it should be noted that this "wrong-right" pen is not limited to one place in A Dream of Red Mansions. The fifth time, Baoyu saw the first sentence of the twelve women in Jinling: "It's a pity to stop the machine, but it's a pity to praise it. The jade belt hangs in the forest, and the golden women bury the snow." Obviously, this word means to Lin Daiyu and Xue Baochai. Among them, "stop" refers to hair sticks and "sing catkins" refers to wearing, so there is no doubt about it. But the last two sentences are homophonic and the position is completely reversed. Another example is Baoyu's poem "Hong Yi Kuai Lv", in which there is no spring return for eighteen times, and the two couplets in the middle are "Green wax is still rolling in spring, and red makeup stays up all night." According to Baoyu's emphasis on "plantain and pond" in the seventeenth chapter, "green wax" and "red makeup" are synonymous with plantain and begonia, but once again, the next sentence is wrong, saying "tea" first and then "smoke". Therefore, it is reasonable for the author to have some corresponding puzzles in his new interpretation of "Lying in Ning Mei". And this kind of brushwork is used repeatedly in the book, which is obviously intentional by Qin Xue. On this issue, the author intends to write another detailed article, so I won't go into details here.
Wen Qu's last sentence, "How many tears can you see in your eyes, how can you flow from autumn to winter and from spring to summer", obviously refers to Daiyu who was reincarnated with tears, but if there are no tears of Miaoyu in the book, it has nothing to do with Miaoyu, and it does not conform to Xueqin's rigorous brushwork. The author thinks that to explain this sentence, we must first dig out the special relationship between Miaoyu and Daiyu in the book.
On the forty-first occasion, Miaoyu invited Baochai and Daiyu in for tea. "I saw Miaoyu let them in the wing, Baochai sitting on the couch and Daiyu sitting on Miaoyu's futon." There is an article in this sentence. Chai Dai is the guest, Chai sits on the couch, Dai sits on the futon, and points out that this Buddhist futon is "wonderful jade". I can't help but say that Daiyu's move is customer-oriented. Later, Miaoyu took out the tea set and showed it to Baochai: "There is an ear next to it. There are three official characters engraved on the cup, followed by a small line of true characters, which is' Jin is treasure', and a small line of small characters,' Meishan Su Shi, Song Yuanfeng was in the secret house in April of five years'." This'' can't be said to be extremely precious, but it is the wealth of the whole world after all. The tea set shown to Daiyu is different: "It looks like a bowl, but it is small, and there are three hanging beads engraved with' West Yunnan'". First of all, the bowl is a Buddhist thing. Daiyu's tea set is like a bowl, just like sitting on a futon of wonderful jade. The hanging beads and seal characters are quite exquisite. Reminiscent of Daiyu's past life as a crimson pearl fairy grass, Miaoyu's ballad "I can't bear it" clearly states that her talent is richer than that of fairies, so it is logical and significant for Qin Xue to call these two people "fairies" alone. And "point the rhinoceros" seems to be "but I feel the harmonious heartbeat of the sacred unicorn", so there should be a tacit understanding between Daiyu and Miaoyu. This may explain why Daiyu didn't care about Miaoyu mocking her as a "layman" and didn't refute it as usual.
On the attitude towards Granny Liu, Daiyu and Miaoyu are strikingly similar. Miaoyu immediately rejected the teacup used by Granny Liu (the forty-first time), and Daiyu even cynically called it "the mother locust" (the forty-second time). Their prejudice against granny Liu is exactly the same as their lofty self-esteem. The fiftieth time Baoyu asked Miaoyu for red berries, and Li Wan ordered someone to follow him, but Daiyu unexpectedly stopped him and said, "No, there can't be anyone." This is really similar to Miaoyu. Since then, Baoyu's poem "Interview with Miaoyu Begging for Hongmei" has a sentence "Don't ask for the dew in the master bottle, but ask for the plum outside the threshold of Chang 'e". Coincidentally, in the seventy-sixth poem of "Concave Crystal Pavilion", Daiyu said that "people go to cold places", and there are similarities between them. Miao Yu in the same book led Daiyu and Xiangyun to Cui Temple and wrote them down with pen and ink. At this time, "Daiyu saw that he was very happy today, so she smiled and said,' I have never seen you so happy. I dare not ask abruptly if I am not so happy to see you. Can this still be taught? If you can't bear it, burn it; If you can, please correct it. Miaoyu volunteered to write another song, and Daiyu quickly said, "Sure enough, although ours is not good, we can get it well. "。 "Following Miaoyu's sequel" Thirty-five Rhymes of Grand View Garden on Mid-Autumn Night ",Dai Yu even praised:" It can be seen that we are getting closer every day. There are such poets here, but they talk on paper every day. "Readers familiar with Daiyu can easily find that Daiyu's enthusiasm and appreciation for others here is extremely rare in the book. Because she is talented and has always been arrogant and confident, there is no dust at present. In the eighteenth session of Yuan Chun, the provincial relatives ordered the two sisters to write poems, and Daiyu was "a wizard who was comfortable tonight and overwhelmed everyone". After being ordered to do only one plaque and one chant, she "had to show her ambition at the end, so she was naturally unhappy". Back to the 37th session of White Begonia Poetry Society, everyone thought, "Daiyu alone caressed the phoenix tree, watched autumn scenery, or laughed with the maids. "When everyone has it, it is" with a wave of his pen, throw it to everyone. Daiyu's arrogance in front of everyone is very different from his humility in front of Miaoyu. "。 Similarly, when this poem was written in Cui 'an, Dai Yu and Dai Yu were together. Compared with the forty-first time when Grandmother Jia took people away from the Jade Palace, Miaoyu said, "Don't stay, go out of the gate and turn around and close the door", which shows the love between Daiyu and Miaoyu. In addition, Miao Yu's poem "Love only sends itself, who is elegant" is similar to Dai Yu's poem "Paper is full of self-pity, who will blame Qiu Xin".
At this point, some people may say that the above examples can illustrate the unusual tacit understanding between Daiyu and Miaoyu, but it still seems insufficient to illustrate that Daiyu's tears in the last sentence of Wanning Beauty are also Miaoyu's tears. We might as well study the overlap of their life experiences again. The 18th introduction of Miao language in Lin Zhixiao's Family said: "There was a man who practiced abroad, and his ancestral home was Suzhou, and his ancestors were also the family of scholar-officials. Because this girl has been sick since she was a child, it is useless to buy a lot of body pairs. Finally, the girl entered an empty door by herself, and she was fine. So, I practice with my hair, 18 years old. Now that my parents are dead, only two old mammy and a little girl come to serve me. I am very proficient in pen and ink, so I don't need to study classics. I look fine ... "If you put one of them, Practice with My Hair, Buy a Body and Double Repair, Enter an Empty Door in person, Eighteen, and Become Famous. Because Lin Ruhai, the father of Daiyu, "was a native of Gusu ... although he was the home of Zhong Ding, he was also a scholar" (the second time), Daiyu "took medicine knowing food ... and asked many famous doctors for prescriptions, but it was useless" (the third time). He lost his mother first (the second time) and then his father (the fourteenth time). Daiyu entered Jia's house with only two people. Chapter 22 Daiyu said to Baoyu, "The most precious thing is jade, and the strongest one is jade. What is your value and your strength? " There are many Zen machines, and then he wrote two poems for Baoyu, "If there is no place to stand, you will be clean." In Baochai's words, "this side is enlightened" is more manifested in Daiyu's ability to understand Zen. The third time, Daiyu's words also faintly revealed the mystery. "When I was three years old that year, I heard that a monk with a thick head asked me to become a monk, but my parents refused. He also said:' I can't bear to part with him, but I'm afraid he will get well and never get well again.' "So, the only difference between Daiyu and Miaoyu is whether he has entered an empty net.
The third time, it was revealed that the monk said that Daiyu "will be safe in this life unless she never cries again from now on, except her parents." There is a cloud in the fat review: "Only Baoyu can't see people the most." Helpless, "his grandmother went to pay her respects," she said goodbye to her father with tears and entered Jia's house. This violates the rule that you are not allowed to cry and that your relatives and friends have foreign names. It was forced by the "wind sword" until she finally died in tears. "A piece of pure land covered the wind." Chapter 18 Master Miaoyu said his last words, "It is not appropriate to return home for food, clothing and daily life. There will naturally be your results in the future. " The "quiet residence" here means "lying alone beside the ancient Buddha of Deng Qing". Miaoyu didn't return to her hometown, but she couldn't settle down and enter the Grand View Garden because Jia Fu "asked Xianggong to write an invitation" and "sent someone to prepare a sedan chair to pick her up". The end result was that "the dust was still against her heart, just like flawless white jade stuck in the mud." Just like Li Yishan's poem, "Chang 'e should regret stealing the elixir, the sky is high and the clouds are light, and the night is bright. "And Daiyu is like another poem by Li Yishan," Autumn frost flies late, leaving the residual lotus to listen to the rain ". (In the 40th time, Daiyu liked to "stay in the lotus and listen to the rain", and in the 63rd time, she picked hibiscus flowers to "show the wind and clear the sorrow", so she had something to say. )
In this way, from the close relationship between Daiyu and her life experience, we can see that Daiyu is actually a wonderful jade on earth, and Miaoyu is a wonderful jade of Buddhism, and the two reflect each other in the book. Qin Xue wrote Daiyu with clear strokes and dark strokes, and Miaoyu with dark strokes, so saying "how many tears can she have in her eyes" means writing the tears of Daiyu and Miaoyu at the same time, but Miaoyu's tears were actually written without writing.
From the above discussion, it can be concluded that the song "Lying in Ning Mei" is actually a joint biography of Daiyu and Miaoyu from Baoyu's mouth. Compared with the traditional love poems of Baodai and the legend of Xiangyun in Zhou, the author thinks it is more reasonable to sing Daimiao and Jade in Wan Wan.