Professor Zhang Risheng proposed in the book "Consulting Psychology" that as an excellent psychological counselor, you should have the following qualities:
First, sensitive psychological reaction.
An excellent consultant can be particularly sensitive to other people's psychological activities. Whether verbal or nonverbal (such as expression, movement, clothing, hairstyle, muscle twitching, eyes, etc. ) all reflect a person's psychological activities. In this regard, the consultant should observe the whole and make a sensitive response.
Psychological counseling is a special interpersonal relationship between the two sides, which is finally realized through the interaction between the two sides. Since it is an interaction, of course, apart from being sensitive to each other's psychology, we are always particularly sensitive to our own psychology. Not only that, but also be sensitive to the psychological activities and changes of the other party caused by their own psychological influence. It can be said that sensitivity to interpersonal relationships is an important quality and trait that consultants need.
Second, you can listen carefully.
For visitors who appear in the psychological counseling room because of their own important problems, it is a great comfort and trust for someone to listen carefully, which will become the driving force and pillar of his or her life.
"Listen carefully" is simple to say, but it is not easy to do, nor can it be learned overnight. For example, when visitors come to the consulting room, they are overwhelmed by psychological burden and are in extreme anxiety. Counselors carefully and patiently listen to visitors' complaints and give appropriate responses, such as simple repetition, approval, interruption, etc., which can help visitors sort out the clues of problems, thus feeling relieved and gaining a kind of comfort.
Third, personality requirements
In addition to the above-mentioned quality characteristics, psychological counselors must also have a good personality and meet some specific requirements.
1. Emotional stability?
Consultants should have the ability to solve their own personal problems, self-acceptance and self-adjustment, and the self-defense mechanism should not be too strong.
2. A healthy and optimistic outlook on life. ?
No matter what difficulties counselors encounter, they should be able to treat life positively and happily. Only such people can trust the strength of visitors themselves and take on the responsibility of helping them solve problems.
3. Democratic interpersonal relationships
Counselors should have a deep understanding of interpersonal relationships, respect the value of others, always trust others and recognize their lifestyles.
4. Really care about visitors?
Counselors should understand visitors, care about them enthusiastically, love them and sincerely want to help them. This kind of person can gain the trust of visitors and make them feel safe and secure.
5. Constantly improve yourself
Consultants should have self-knowledge, know their own advantages and disadvantages, and constantly improve themselves. Modesty, integrity, honesty, openness, continuous progress, constantly broaden their knowledge, improve the level of education, never stagnate, never satisfied.
6. make unremitting efforts to understand human nature?
Consultants should constantly explore human nature. It is difficult to understand the nature of human beings, and perhaps a lifetime of exploration and efforts can not reach the level of full understanding. Consultation is a process of establishing new interpersonal relationships and experiencing new humanity. This requires consultants to constantly expand their limited understanding of people and strive to explore the essence of people.
7. Ability to cooperate with others?
Consultants should be good at establishing good cooperative relations with others, which is not only the basic ability necessary in the consultation process, but also the necessary ability to carry out consulting activities. Because consultants often need to cooperate with other people to solve problems effectively, this sense of superiority and inferiority is not conducive to the completion of the responsibilities that consultants should bear.
8. amiable and approachable?
A consultant should be an honest, amiable, respectable and tolerant person, no matter who thinks he is approachable.
Requirements for psychological counselors
Professor Zhang Xiaoqiao pointed out in the book Theory and Operation of Psychological Counseling that psychological counselors must have superb professional ability, noble professional ethics and healthy psychological quality in order to be competent for their sacred mission.
Psychological consultation is an important and complicated work. Counselors face people who need psychological help. People come to consult in order to adjust their mentality, study and work more effectively, and face all kinds of problems in life more actively, so as to improve their quality of life and live a full and happy life. The task of consultants is to improve their abilities. Therefore, the responsibility of consultants is great and arduous. Who can undertake such a task? Is a qualified psychological counselor. They must meet the following conditions:
First, superb business ability.
Psychological counseling is a major with its own theories, methods and skills. Engaged in? What is a br> petticoat? Are you kidding? ?????????? Theft punishment? ななツぷぷぷぱぱぷぷぷぷぷぷぷぷ Hey? What are you doing? What is an acyl group? Does currency have a style? Neon guide? Hey? Happy and salty, what about dry bursa? Sword? Shoot at noon? Phantom? Fine clothes? Cough?
1. Master the professional theory of psychological counseling.
Psychological counseling has a history of more than half a century in the world. Psychological counselors have accumulated a lot of experience and conducted professional theoretical research, forming a branch of psychology. School psychological counseling and mental health education are called psychological counseling in some parts of Asia. Psychologists in Hong Kong and Taiwan have done a lot of research on counseling and psychotherapy, and published relevant academic works. China's domestic psychological counseling started in the 1980s, and this work is particularly active in colleges and universities. Scholars have made theoretical research on psychological counseling and mental health education in combination with the practice of psychological counseling, and related theoretical works have come out one after another. The research of counseling psychology has a certain foundation in China? Universities with psychology departments have organized systematic training to train psychological counseling professionals. All these provide conditions for consultants to improve their professional level.
Psychological counseling is inseparable from psychotherapy and psychological testing. Psychological counselors should have a solid psychological theoretical foundation and master the basic knowledge of general psychology, personality psychology, educational psychology, medical psychology, psychometrics and other disciplines, so that the consultation work can be based on scientific theoretical guidance.
2. Develop a multi-faceted knowledge structure
There will be many problems in the process of psychological counseling. For example, youth's outlook on life, world outlook and values, interpersonal relationship, personality development and social adaptation, young students' professional thinking and learning methods, adolescent physical and mental problems, love and marriage, and so on. This requires consultants to have a comprehensive knowledge structure. Psychological counselors should not only have professional knowledge of psychology, but also take the world outlook and methodology of dialectical materialism and historical materialism as their ideological guidance, and resolutely resist the invasion of all superstitious ideas that violate science. In addition, there must be knowledge of pedagogy, sociology and basic medicine. Only by developing one's own knowledge structure in many ways can we give the explorers correct inspiration, education and guidance.
3. Actively participate in the practical activities of psychological counseling.
Experience is the mother of wisdom. In psychological counseling, you may meet visitors with different mentality and encounter unexpected problems in advance. To enrich one's psychological counseling experience and improve one's professional ability, one should learn from practice in addition to books. Summarize experience in consulting practice, learn and develop predecessors' theories, improve the ability of analyzing and solving problems, and form their own unique style.
Second, noble professional ethics.
The basic mode of psychological counseling is education and medical treatment, so psychological counselors should have both professional ethics and medical ethics.
1. Love consulting and have the noble character of helping others.
Psychological counseling is a helpful work, which requires time and energy, understanding, sympathy, care and patience for the clients. Visitors usually come to you when they are unhappy and in trouble. You need to listen to him patiently, share his worries and troubles, and have a helpful love. In some developed countries, psychologists earn a lot of money, but in China, this job has not been fully recognized and accepted by the society, and sometimes they have to make unpaid contributions. It is difficult for profit-oriented people to achieve their goals through this work. Psychological counseling in colleges and universities faces young people who are educated in schools. They are the hope of the motherland and society, and their physical and mental development is related to the future and destiny of the country. Therefore, people engaged in psychological counseling in colleges and universities should treat teenagers with a strong sense of social responsibility and make efforts for their healthy growth.
2. Protect the vital interests of visitors and respect their personality and opinions.
Counselors should use their attitudes and behaviors to convince visitors that their self-disclosure will not shock you and that confidentiality is absolute. Respecting privacy and keeping secrets is an important part of protecting the interests of visitors. Never make fun of people who talk about privacy and the relationship between consultation and interview. This is the minimum morality of a consultant.
We should treat visitors equally, regardless of their temperament, whether they have physical defects or some quirks, we should not discriminate against and dislike them. On the contrary, we should treat people honestly and equally and respect the personality of visitors. Consultants should be good at listening to visitors' opinions, understanding their needs and meeting their reasonable needs as much as possible. In case of disagreement on the consultant's analysis and handling, we should give advice patiently, let nature take its course, respect the wishes of the inquirer and don't enforce it. It is necessary to protect visitors' independent rights to life and health.
3. In the relationship between consultation and interview, the consultant does not seek to meet personal needs.
Psychological counseling is to help visitors get rid of mental troubles and confusion. Counselors are never allowed to seek their own needs and satisfaction in the relationship between consultation and visit, in love and hate, attachment and desire. Psychological counseling is to help people in the sense of altruism, and I am an outsider in the emotional entanglement of the questioner. Consultants should not bring personal emotions into the consultation process, vent their troubles and misfortunes on the consultants, and do not pin their love and hate on the consultants. His care and help to the inquirer is selfless and unrequited. In addition, consultants should not ask visitors to provide material rewards. Even if the inquirer offers, he should refuse. In formal consulting institutions, if fees are charged, they can only strictly abide by the regulations and cannot receive money or material gifts beyond the regulations.
4. Guide the questioner with good ethics.
Eliminating psychological barriers and restoring psychological balance is one of the important tasks of psychological counseling. However, restoring psychological balance cannot be at the expense of harming the interests of others, nor can we vent our grievances by belittling and slandering others in the consultation process. When helping visitors overcome psychological barriers, they should be guided by good ethical concepts. This is of great significance to help the healthy development of the caller's morality and personality.
Young people studying in colleges and universities are at a critical age when their outlook on life and world is formed. Their views on life, career, friendship, love and many other issues are not mature enough, and it is inevitable that they have some naive and confused ideas. Psychological counseling should help visitors to ease their psychological confusion and guide them to face life with a positive attitude. Guide them to correctly handle all kinds of problems encountered in life, and solve the contradictions encountered in the relationship between ideals and reality, interests and specialties, individuals and collectives, and individuals and others. At the same time, tourists' mental state and moral quality have been sublimated.
Third, healthy psychological quality?
Counselors themselves should be mentally healthy people. Because the counselor's mental health plays an auxiliary role in the understanding and technical guidance of visitors. The better the mental health level of counselors, the greater the help they can provide in the relationship between counselors and visitors. On the contrary, if the counselor is psychologically unhealthy, it will produce distorted values and eccentric mentality, which will lead to confusion and conflict in counseling, and may even induce some diseases of the counselor. A qualified consultant should have the following psychological qualities:
1. Is personality and mentality positive and healthy?
Mentally healthy people are mentally positive. A competent consultant is active, optimistic and energetic in his work and life, besides the relationship between consultation and interview. Such people can bring their optimistic attitude of loving life into consulting work. When they consult, on the one hand, they can let the disheartened people regain their courage in life; On the other hand, you won't run out of energy. They don't regard consulting work as a burden, so they can bring enthusiasm and vitality to consulting work. Psychological counselors should not only heal people's wounds with superb skills, but also give visitors positive infection and influence with their noble and sound personality strength.
2. Understanding can establish harmonious interpersonal relationships.
Mentally healthy people can understand others from the objective reality, associate with people with different temperament and personality, understand people's situations and difficulties and give them appropriate sympathy, support and help. As the saying goes, "a wise man knows people." Understanding others is where a person's wisdom lies, and it is also inseparable from his broad mind. Imagine how a narrow-minded and demanding person can have good interpersonal relationships. Psychological counseling is dealing with people and needs guidance on how to deal with interpersonal relationships. Every interview is an intense behavior counseling class. If the psychological counselor lacks mental health and interpersonal relationship, how to guide the inquirer correctly?
3. Emotional stability, no obvious psychological barriers.
Everyone has emotions and worldly desires, and counselors, like normal people, have their own emotions. But they are good at scheduling and have a high tolerance for setbacks. They avoid talking about their personal problems in the past and present, and they don't bear a heavy mental burden to meet the inquirers. Their own needs of love, hate and anger are met outside the relationship between consultation and visiting. They can't have obvious mental illness themselves. They sympathize with the questioner, but don't let this sympathy get too deep. In the whole consultation process, they always keep a cool head and psychological independence.
4. Keen mind, sincere feelings and good psychological quality.
A keen mind enables the consultant to gain insight into the inner world of the inquirer through his words and expressions during the consultation process, and find things that are difficult for ordinary people to find or easy to ignore from the subtle expressions. Some visitors don't know much about the essence and principle of psychological counseling, so it's easy to beat around the bush at the beginning, talk about some side issues and hide their real problems. A keen consultant can find problems in time and guide the dialogue in depth.
A good consultant must have deep and sincere feelings. The conversation between the consultant and the inquirer should be frank, earnest and sincere. Only sincerity can shorten the distance between people, make people feel trusted and open their hearts without reservation. The counselor's mood should be relaxed, cheerful, confident and full of humor, so as to ease the inquirer's nervousness and express his problems in a relaxed environment.
The good psychological quality of counselors is also manifested in high concentration, good memory, fluent language expression and strong adaptability to various accidents. Besides, you need patience, flexibility and vigilance.
In a word, a competent consultant has many good qualities. He is a man with high moral character, rich professional knowledge and healthy psychological quality.