I love my teacher, and I love truth more. Aristotle, ancient Greek philosopher.
Aristotle/kloc-began to study under the teacher at the age of 0/7 and followed Plato for 20 years. Aristotle has great respect for teachers, and his master and apprentice are also good friends. He once wrote a poem praising Plato: "Among all people, he is unique, unique. ..... such people are nowhere to be found now! "
However, in the pursuit of truth, Aristotle bravely and resolutely criticized the teacher's mistakes and shortcomings, and there were serious differences with Plato in the content and method of philosophical thought. So someone accused him of betraying his teacher. Aristotle responded with a famous saying that has been passed down to this day: "I love my teacher, and I love the truth more!" " "
Aristotle mercilessly criticized the teacher's theoretical basis-"theory of ideas" and put forward "theory of substance". This is simply going straight to Huanglong House.
Hehe, I copied it, too.
Aristotle pointed out that when Plato explained the essence and movement of things with thoughts, it not only did not solve the problem, but made it more complicated. Plato believes that concrete things are only "copies" and "shadows" of ideas, and specific individual things are not real, only their ideas are real. If you want to know something, you must first know its thoughts.
However, in Aristotle's view, concrete and individual things are real. It is useless to assume that there is another kind of "concept" of people and horses that is more real than those in our daily life. He took his master as an example to satirize his teacher: whether Socrates' ideas exist or not, a concrete person like Socrates will be produced.
Aristotle saw that general abstract conceptual things cannot exist independently from individual concrete things. He said: "Of course, it is impossible to imagine that there are ordinary houses besides individual houses." Only a few concrete things exist independently, such as this man and that horse. He called these individual concrete things "the first entity". The first entity is the foundation of everything else. When we say "a white horse", the color "white" does not exist independently, but exists in the "horse", and "white" cannot be an entity.
In addition to the "first entity", Aristotle believes that there is also a "second entity", that is, the "species" and "genus" of individual things. Individual first entities such as Zhang Si are all included in the genus "Man", and the genus "Man" is included in the species "Animals". Nothing is "human" or "animal", but "human" and "animal" are also real, so they are also "entities". But their reality can't be directly expressed, but through individual concrete things, so they are "second entities".
Aristotle's Theory of Entity corrected Plato's Theory of Idea, which separated the general from the individual, and pointed out that the general ("the second entity") depended on the individual ("the first entity") and adhered to the materialistic line. But on the other hand, he insisted that the general concept is also an entity, and then he can deduce that the most general concept is also a real entity, which leaves the possibility for guiding idealism.
Is this answer satisfactory? I am a novice. . Hmm. How interesting