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The word "well-off" first appeared in China's oldest poetry classic "The Book of Songs": "People can be well-off without working." This is the first time that the word "well-off" appeared in China culture. In Ci Hai, "well-off: it means that family life is relatively comfortable and you can live with peace of mind."
The attraction of "well-off"
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Deng Xiaoping first explained China's four modernizations with "a well-off society".
As the chief architect of China's reform and opening-up, Deng Xiaoping actually outlined the development path of China from 1980 to 2 1 century, not only predicted the achievable goal of China's development, but also determined the step-by-step implementation steps. The description of the next 20 years in the report of the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China is based on the actual situation of China's development to concretize his third-step plan.
comparatively well-off level
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It is a relative concept, which usually means that families in a certain social and historical period are in a moderately rich and safe living standard. Therefore, the level of well-off in different historical periods is different. Before liberation: middle peasants; At the beginning of liberation: two acres of land, one cow; At the end of the 20th century, the average level of wealth in the world was much higher than 1980, and the per capita GNP was 800-1000 USD.
The Standard of Well-off Society and the Level of Well-off Society in China at the Present Stage
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199 1 year, researchers from the national statistics and planning, finance, health, education and other departments 12 formed a research group, and determined the basic test and temporary test values of 16 according to the connotation of well-off society proposed by the central authorities and the State Council. These sixteen indicators set the basic standard of a well-off society as: (1) per capita GDP of 2,500 yuan (calculated at the price and exchange rate of 1980, 2,500 yuan is equivalent to 900 US dollars); (2) Urban per capita disposable income is 2,400 yuan; (3) Per capita net income of farmers 1200 yuan; (4) Urban per capita housing area12m2; (5) Per capita usable area of steel and wood houses in rural areas1.5m2; (6) The per capita intake of protein is 75g(7) The per capita paved area in the city is 8m2; (8) The proportion of rural administrative villages connected with highways is 85%; (9) Engel coefficient 50%; (10) The adult literacy rate is 85%; (1 1) The average life expectancy is 70 years; (12) The infant mortality rate was 3.1%; (13) education and entertainment expenditure11%; (14) TV penetration rate is100%; (15) The forest coverage rate is15%; (16) The proportion of rural primary health care basically qualified counties is 100%.
Using the comprehensive scoring method to measure these sixteen indicators, we can boldly announce to the world that a large developing country with a population of 654.38+0.2 billion has basically reached a well-off standard of living. It is on this basis that we will build a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way in the new century.
The difference between well-off level and well-off society
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There are two differences between the well-off level and the well-off society:
First, the scope is different. According to the national conditions of China in the last century, the key to building a well-off society is to solve the problem of food and clothing and improve the level of material civilization. However, the well-off society proposed by Deng Xiaoping is by no means a simple material civilization, but also includes spiritual civilization and political civilization.
Second, the standards are different. If the gross domestic product quadruples in 2020 compared with 2000, then according to this goal, the per capita GDP will exceed 3,000 US dollars, which is in line with the level of upper-middle countries in the four major income levels of the World Bank.
To be sure, when testing and quantifying the overall construction process, we should not only improve the statistical critical value of people's living standards, but also comprehensively reflect the development process of spiritual civilization and political civilization.
All-round well-off society
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The report of the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China defined the specific content of building a well-off society in an all-round way from four aspects: economy, politics, culture and sustainable development. In particular, it includes the requirement of sustainable development ability. Specifically, there are six "more": "the economy is more developed, democracy is more sound, science and education are more advanced, culture is more prosperous, society is more harmonious, and people's lives are more affluent."
The basic standards for building a well-off society in an all-round way include the following ten aspects:
First, the per capita GDP exceeds 3,000 US dollars. This is the fundamental symbol of building a well-off society in an all-round way.
Second, the per capita disposable income of urban residents is 6.5438+0.8 million yuan.
Third, the per capita net income of rural families is 8000 yuan.
Fourth, Engel's coefficient is less than 40%.
Fifth, the urban per capita housing construction area is 30 square meters.
Sixth, the urbanization rate reached 50%.
Seventh, the penetration rate of home computers is 20%.
Eighth, the university enrollment rate is 20%.
Nine is 2.8 doctors per thousand people.
Tenth, the minimum living guarantee rate for urban residents has reached more than 95%.