Today, the tender radar gives you an in-depth analysis of the tender process, explaining in detail the differences and specific processes of six common forms of government procurement: open tender, invitation tender, competitive negotiation, competitive consultation, single source and inquiry operation.
First, open bidding.
The second paragraph of Article 10 of the Bidding Law stipulates: "Open bidding means that the tenderer invites unspecified legal persons or other organizations to bid by means of tender announcement." In other words, all projects subject to public bidding must publish bidding information on public platforms, and qualified suppliers can participate in bidding.
Public bidding procurement law, because
There are many bidders, full competition, and it is relatively difficult to cross-bid and bid, which is one of the most commonly used procurement methods for government agencies.
Second, the invitation to bid
Invitation to bid means that the purchaser randomly invites more than three suppliers from suppliers with corresponding qualifications according to law, and invites them to participate in bidding in the form of invitation to bid.
Different from public bidding, this form of bidding does not need to issue a tender announcement and is non-public. Because the number of units invited to participate in the bidding will not be too large, the bidding cost is relatively small, the cycle is relatively short and the efficiency is high.
Third, competitive negotiation.
It means that the purchaser negotiates prices, conditions and contract terms with at least three suppliers who meet the corresponding qualification conditions, and allows the negotiators to make a second quotation to determine the contractor's procurement method and finally determine the supplier's procurement method.
Fourthly, competitive consultation.
Competitive negotiation means that the purchaser negotiates with qualified suppliers on the procurement of goods, projects and services by forming a competitive consultation group, and the suppliers submit response documents and quotations according to the requirements of the consultation documents, and the purchaser determines the procurement method of the clinched supplier from the list of candidate suppliers put forward after review by the consultation group.
Simple explanation: in fact, competitive negotiation is to solve the lowest price problem in competitive negotiation, which can be understood as the combination of competitive negotiation and open bidding.
Except for different time nodes, the biggest difference between competitive negotiation and competitive negotiation is that competitive negotiation needs to determine trading candidates through scoring, while competitive negotiation does not need scoring, mainly depending on price.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) single source procurement
In fact, it can be literally understood that single-source procurement is a non-competitive procurement method, which means that the purchaser directly negotiates and signs a contract with the sole supplier.
Investigation on intransitive verbs
Inquiry refers to the inquiry notice sent by the inquiry team to qualified suppliers, asking the suppliers to quote the price that cannot be changed at one time, and the purchaser determines the procurement method of the suppliers from the candidates put forward by the inquiry team.