Yao Chong's relationship with other contemporary celebrities is not harmonious. Another prime minister, Liu Youqiu, was also dismissed when Zhang was demoted to the secretariat of Xiangzhou. Liu Youqiu is very dissatisfied. He was told that he was "complaining", that is, he was complaining behind his back. Yao Chong and others persuaded Xuanzong with a soothing gesture, saying, "It is human nature for Liu You to beg that he is a hero, and he was a little depressed when he first took up his idle post. They have great achievements and high status. Once they are sent to prison, I am afraid it will cause great shock! " As a result, Liu Youqiu was transferred from Beijing to Zhou Mu (now southwest of Chun 'an County, Zhejiang Province) as a secretariat. What Yao Chong and others said above was ostensibly to protect Liu Youqiu, but actually proved that he had committed the crime of "resentment". According to historical records, Yao Chong has always been jealous of Liu Youqiu, which seems justified. Wei Zhigu was also a celebrity at that time, and his contribution, status and vision were comparable to those of Yao Chong. He was first introduced by Yao Chong, but later he was tied with Yao Chong. Yao Chong gradually looked down on him and pushed him out to Luoyang, the eastern capital, to be in charge of state affairs. Wei Zhigu is dissatisfied. Yao Chong has two sons, both of whom are officials in Du Dong. Knowing that Wei Zhigu was promoted by his father, he took the back door of Wei Zhigu for personal gain. After Wei Zhigu arrived in Chang 'an, he reported all their actions to Xuanzong. One day, Xuanzong chatted with Yao Chong and asked, by the way, "What is your son's talent and morality? What are you doing now? " Yao Chong is very smart. He immediately guessed that there was something in Xuanzong's words, so he took the initiative to answer, "I have three sons, two of whom are in Du Dong. They are insatiable and careless, and they will definitely take the road of Wei Zhigu, but I haven't had time to ask them. " Xuanzong thought that Yao Chong was trying to hide something for his son, but he was very happy to hear Yao Chong tell the truth. Xuanzong asked Yao Chong again, how did he know? Yao Chong said: "When Wei Zhigu's social status was very low, I protected him and promoted him; My son is very stupid, thinking that Wei Zhigu must have tolerated their evil deeds because he was grateful to me, so he went his way. " Hearing this, Xuanzong thought that Yao Chong was an aristocrat, but looked down upon Wei Zhigu. He felt that he had failed Yao Chong and wanted to fire him. Yao Chong also asked Xuanzong to say, "My sons acted foolishly and broke the law. It is very lucky that your majesty pardoned their sins. If Wei Zhigu's official is dismissed because of this, the world will think that your majesty is doing this out of personal feelings for me and will bring trouble to your reputation. " However, Wei Zhigu went to the left and became the Minister of Industry.
Zhang Jiuling
Zhang Jiuling (673-740)
A naturalist, Zi Shou, was born in Qujiang, Shaozhou (now Shaoguan City, Guangdong Province). In the early years of Tang Zhongzong Jinglong, Xuanzong was a scholar in Kaiyuan Tang Dynasty, an official assistant to Zhongshu, a secretary of Zhongshu, and a famous sage in Tang Dynasty. His five-character ancient poems, with simple and plain language, entrusted with far-reaching life expectations and made great contributions to sweeping away the magnificent poetic style of the Six Dynasties inherited from the early Tang Dynasty. . "As a last resort, hot water had to execute orders to burn and bury locusts. He killed140,000 locusts and threw them into the Bian River. Another prime minister, Lu Huaishen, also opposed the killing of locusts. He said to Yao Chong, "Locusts are natural disasters. How can we subdue them by manpower? Everyone outside thinks it is wrong to kill locusts. And killing too many insects is harmful to the spirit. It's not too late to stop now, please consider it. " Yao Chongli argued that it was absurd. Taking ancient emperors and Confucius as examples, he proved that it is feasible to kill people for personal safety without violating the etiquette system. He also said, "There are so many locusts now that only by expelling them can they be eliminated. If locusts eat the seedlings, all the fields will be empty. Shandong people, how can they starve to death? I have asked the emperor to make a final decision on this matter, so please don't say any more. If I save people and kill insects, I will bear it alone, which has nothing to do with you. "And send someone to look around to see who catches locusts frequently and who catches locusts poorly, make a list and report it. Another pedantic man, Han Sifu, like Yao Chong, is honest and clean, and opposes killing locusts. He said that locusts have been rampant in Henan and Hebei recently. Wherever they went, the seedlings were damaged and spread westward, reaching Luoyang. The messengers were silent, and several States in Shandong were afraid. Then, he was buried by that set of natural disasters. Only by repenting Xiu De can we protect the heaven and their unruly henchmen, and he hates it even more. He was a loyal minister in the Tang Dynasty and a sober, pragmatic and idealistic feudal politician. In his view, to revitalize the Tang Dynasty, it is necessary to get rid of the evils accumulated over the years, so that there is hope for the country to be rich and strong.
The achievements of seeking truth from facts are considerable.
Yao Chong is not a boastful theorist, but a down-to-earth and courageous doer.
Buddhism prevailed in the Tang Dynasty, followed by Taoism and other religions. From emperors, queens, dignitaries to rich gentry, they all use religion to gain benefits. Therefore, under the banner of religion, there will inevitably be many social drawbacks. In this regard, Yao Chong is deeply dissatisfied. During the period of Wu Zetian, Zhang Yizhi wanted to transfer ten highly respected Buddhist monks from Beijing to Dingzhou (now Dingxian County, Hebei Province) and build a new temple privately. The monks refused to go and begged the court. Yao Chong accepted their request and agreed that they would not go to Dingzhou. Zhang Yizhi insisted that they leave again and again, but Yao Chong never changed his mind. As a result, we offended Zhang Yizhi, and soon he was transferred from Beijing as the general manager of Lingwu Road. When Emperor Zhongzong was in power, the princess and consorts were approved, and the people could be regarded as monks and nuns. Some people also build temples privately. In this way, some rich people were forced to become monks, because the system at that time was that all monks were tax-free. After becoming the prime minister of Xuanzong, Yao Chong proposed to change this situation. The reasons he put forward are: the belief in Buddhism mainly lies in inner piety, not in the form of appearance; In the past, some emperors and dignitaries who believed in Buddhism did not get good results; She should be merciful. What she has done is beneficial to the people and makes them happy, which is in line with the essence of Buddhism. Why should she treat the bad guys as monks and nuns and destroy Buddhism? Xuanzong accepted his suggestion and ordered the relevant departments to investigate secretly, turning more than 12 thousand fake and extravagant monks and nuns into farmers. Yao Chong opposed this evil religion to the death. In his will, he lashed out at Buddhism and refuted some predictions preached by Buddhist monks in a positive and negative way. He insists that Buddha is consciousness, and faith depends on the heart, as long as you do good and don't do evil. He mercilessly exposed the foolish behavior of taking the propaganda of Buddhist monks as facts, the foolish custom of copying scriptures and writing images, breaking businesses and destroying homes, giving alms to oneself, making images for the dead and pursuing happiness, pointing out that these are "the shortcomings of all beings are damaged, and there are not enough porridge"; He laughed at the so-called generalists, but he also became a prisoner of the above strange phenomenon. He believes that Buddhist religious activities are harmful to the whole life, so his sons and nephews should be vigilant and not be fooled. When handling his funeral, even if we can't completely get rid of the shackles of Buddhist prejudice, we can only do things in a perfunctory way, not in extravagance and waste. He also mentioned Taoism by the way, pointing out that the original purpose of Taoism was metaphysics, not fun and competition; Only because of the influence of Buddhism has it changed. This pragmatic spirit and negative attitude towards religion are not too far from atheism.
In the fourth year of Kaiyuan (7 16), a locust plague occurred in Shandong (generally referring to the Yellow River basin east of Huashan), and the people were bound by superstition and dared not kill it. Instead, they set sacrifices beside the fields, burned incense and worshipped, and watched the crops be swallowed up by locusts. Yao Chong played and quoted the Book of Songs and Han Guangwu's letters, proving that locusts can be killed; Throughout the ages, sometimes the killing is endless, because people don't work hard, as long as Qi Xin works together, they can be eliminated. He said: "locusts are afraid of people, so they are easy to expel;" Camus has a master, so the savior must work hard; Locusts can fly and fly when they see fire at night; Put a fire in the ground, dig a hole while burning, and bury it at the same time. " Xuanzong said: "The plague of locusts is a natural disaster, which is caused by the failure of moral politics. You asked to kill it. Isn't this just the opposite? Yao Chong also said, "Killing locusts is a national event. The ancients first had it, and your majesty used it later. Please seriously consider it. " Xuanzong was persuaded. But at that time, both inside and outside the imperial court, it was said that locusts could not be killed. Xuanzong said, "I have discussed with the Prime Minister that whoever opposes again will be executed." So he made a suggestion and urged people to burn and bury locusts. The result was quite effective, and agriculture achieved a good harvest that year.
In the second year, another plague of locusts occurred in Shandong, and Yao Chong sent people to various places to kill them according to the old method. The court talked again and thought that locusts could not be killed. Xuanzong also hesitated and discussed with Yao Chong. Yao Chong said, "These scholars are too obsessed with books to be flexible. Everything sometimes goes against the classics, sometimes against the trend, and it is an expedient measure. " Then he listed the repeated locust plagues in history, and the consequences were unimaginable. He also said: "Now there are locusts everywhere in Shandong. If farmland is confiscated, people will move, which is related to national security and can't stick to the rules. Even if it is inexhaustible, it is better than raising a disaster. Your majesty likes to kill people. I don't want to bother you about it. Please allow me to handle it. If you don't get rid of locusts, my officials and nobles will get rid of them. " Once again persuaded Xuanzong.
Ni Ruoshui, the prefect of Bianzhou (now Kaifeng City, Henan Province), refused to carry out the order, saying, "Locusts are natural disasters, and they will move to the sky in Xiu De." When Yao Chong learned this, he flew into a rage and wrote, "In ancient times, there were good governors in counties, but locusts refused to enter the country. If Xiu De can avoid the plague of locusts, it will be immoral! Now sitting and watching locusts eat crops, how can you bear not to save them! If this causes famine, how can we be safe? Fortunately, don't hesitate, or you will regret it. " As a last resort, we had to execute orders to burn and bury locusts. He killed140,000 locusts and threw them into the Bian River. Another prime minister, Lu Huaishen, also opposed the killing of locusts. He said to Yao Chong, "Locusts are natural disasters. How can we subdue them by manpower? Everyone outside thinks it is wrong to kill locusts. And killing too many insects is harmful to the spirit. It's not too late to stop now, please consider it. " Yao Chongli argued that it was absurd. Taking ancient emperors and Confucius as examples, he proved that it is feasible to kill people for personal safety without violating the etiquette system. He also said, "There are so many locusts now that only by expelling them can they be eliminated. If locusts eat the seedlings, all the fields will be empty. Shandong people, how can they starve to death? I have asked the emperor to make a final decision on this matter, so please don't say any more. If I save people and kill insects, I will bear it alone, which has nothing to do with you. " And send people to look around to see who is diligent in catching locusts and who is not, and make a list and report it. Another pedantic man, Han Sifu, like Yao Chong, is honest and clean, and opposes killing locusts. He said that locusts have been rampant in Henan and Hebei recently. Wherever they went, the seedlings were damaged and spread westward, reaching Luoyang. The messengers were silent, and several States in Shandong were afraid. Then, he is that a set of natural disasters prevail and the soil cannot be buried. He only repents of Xiu De, and God bless him. Finally, he asked to stop the work of the locust catcher in order to win the hearts of the people. Confused by his words, Xuanzong handed the letter to Yao Chong. Yao Chong asked Han Sifu to investigate the losses caused by the plague of locusts in Shandong. Han Sifu reported the actual situation of the disaster. Yao Chong did not believe it, so he sent Liu Shao to investigate. It is said that Liu Shao acted according to the prime minister's face, flogged the people, corrected old feelings and lied about disaster. As a result, several affected States in Shandong did not reduce rent and tax. This can only be a partial situation; Generally speaking, Yao Chong insists on killing locusts, but despite years of locust plagues, it has not caused serious famine.
The great uproar caused by locust catching has not subsided. Zhang Griffin, a contemporary of Yao Chong, also criticized Yao Chong in his book "One Book for One Governance", saying that locusts "bury one stone and give birth to ten stones, and their eggs are as big as millet and half an inch thick." ? ; Heaven is ineffective, locusts are not born, heaven suffers, and locusts are buried more and more; For the plague of locusts, Xiu De should repay God's punishment with cautious punishment. Why not cultivate blessings and avoid disasters, but kill things to eliminate disasters? This accusation is still a cliche, nothing new. I haven't seen Yao Chong's refutation of this criticism, but in his previous refutation of others' remarks, he has already included refutation of this prejudice. In an era ruled by decadent spiritual forces, it is really not easy to do something! Today, Yao Chong's determination, courage, talent and spirit of persevering in catching locusts are somewhat awe-inspiring.
Yao Chong won the victory of catching locusts in the siege war, but he didn't make meritorious service and didn't get a reward. Instead, he quickly fell from the throne of the Prime Minister. Here's the thing. One of Yao Chong's subordinates broke the law and Xuanzong wanted to punish him. Yao Chong wants to protect him. Happened to meet the capital amnesty, Xuanzong deliberately excluded this person from the pardon. Wit Yao Chong found that the purpose of Xuanzong's move was not criminals, but himself. So he asked to resign as prime minister and regarded Song Jing as his own generation.
In the first month of the fifth year of Kaiyuan (7 17), Xuanzong decided to go to Luoyang, the eastern capital. This is not entirely for the sake of xunxing, but because of the poor harvest in Guanzhong, we have to increase grain transportation. When the emperor arrived in Dongdu, the burden in this respect could be reduced. At this moment, the house of the ancestral temple collapsed, which was another great event at that time. Xuanzong summoned Prime Ministers Song Jing and Su Yi and asked them why. They explained that the emperor's father died less than a year ago, and the three-year mourning period has not yet expired, so there should be no luck; The occurrence of disaster is a warning from heaven. Your Majesty should observe the etiquette of returning to heaven, so don't go to Du Dong! Xuanzong was a little disapproving, so he called Yao Chong, who had already excused himself, and asked, "When I was about to leave Kyoto, the ancestral temple collapsed inexplicably. Did the gods tell me not to go to Du Dong? " In fact, the ancestral temple was originally built in Fujian before the Qin Dynasty. Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty created a new capital, moved the Yuwen Temple in the Northern Zhou Dynasty here and built this temple. The Tang Dynasty also used the old temple of the Sui Dynasty, which was decayed for a long time, so it collapsed. Yao Chongxian introduced the actual situation to Xuanzong, and then said: "Although there is rotten soil in the mountain, it is still inevitable to collapse. If they rot for many years, they should be destroyed. The time when the ancestral temple collapsed coincided with your majesty's trip, not because your majesty was going to travel. Moreover, the emperor took the four seas as his home, and things were not far apart from Beijing. The poor harvest in Guanzhong increased the grain transportation and the people worked hard. Therefore, your majesty is lucky out of love for the people, and it is nothing to win over the people. What's more, all departments in Du Dong are ready not to violate their commitments to the world. " Finally, he proposed: first, move God to Taijitang; Second, rebuild the ancestral temple; Third, the emperor's plan to travel eastward remains unchanged. Xuanzong was very happy and said, "What you said is exactly what I want."
In the ninth year of Kaiyuan (72 1), Yao Chong died at the age of 72. Make a will before you die to warn your sons and nephews. He said he was Zhi Zhi, and he was satisfied. After retiring from the high position of prime minister, he wandered between villages and was very satisfied. Man always dies, and his death is the natural destination. Secondly, he was assigned to the countryside in advance, and his son and nephew each got one point. Why did he do it? He said that after the death of some dignitaries he met, their descendants lost their shelter and became poor, so they competed with each other and were incompatible with each other, which not only humiliated them, but also defiled their ancestors. Both straight men and straight women will be ridiculed and condemned by others; Because Zhuangtian Shuimo was owned by everyone, and nobody cared about it, it was abandoned. Therefore, follow the example of predecessors, divide the heritage in advance and strive for it. " Third, there must be a thin burial. He pointed out that thick burial is not only useless, but even brings trouble. "The dead are ignorant, why should they be buried?" The fourth is to oppose religious superstition, which has already been introduced. It should be pointed out that he not only opposed religious superstition himself, but also asked his sons and nephews and future generations to follow his path. His intentions are far-reaching. Although Yao Chong's will is all about personal family affairs, it is aimed at the social atmosphere at that time, so it is actually a critical essay.
Throughout Yao Chong's life, one thing stands out, that is, he pays attention to reality. Confucian classics, Buddhist classics, Taoist classics and other sacred and inviolable traditions that are above the society are all in a secondary position in his eyes. On one occasion, Yao Chong asked his staff: "As a prime minister, who can I compare with in history?" The family didn't answer. Yao Chong himself said, "Can you compare with Guan Zhong and Le Yi?" The subordinate said: "although the policy of managing enjoyment cannot be carried out to future generations, it can still guarantee their own death;" Your laws, which may change at any time, seem to be inferior to theirs. " Yao Chong asked again, "So, who can you compare with?" The subordinate said, "you can be regarded as the prime minister who saves time." For this kind of evaluation, Yao Chong did not think it was belittling him, but enjoyed it. He threw away his pen and said, "Is it easy to save time? "
Good politics to promote human rights
As the prime minister to save the times, Yao Chong dared to face the reality, bravely broke through the traditional concept, persevered and made considerable achievements, which is very commendable; But when it comes to his character, he is not so consistent and amiable. Therefore, history books criticized him for "being in power for a while", saying that he was good at politics and smooth and cunning.
In the first year of Kaiyuan (7 13), Yao Chong went from Tongzhou to Xinfeng to meet Xuanzong, who planned to appoint him as the prime minister. Zhang, the current prime minister, knew about it and, out of jealousy, instructed others to impeach him, but Xuanzong did not listen. Zhang said that he ordered someone to suggest to Tang Xuanzong that Yao Chong should be the general manager of Hedong, but Tang Xuanzong saw through him again, and the person who made the suggestion almost lost his head. Yao Chong became prime minister, saying that he panicked and wanted to go through the back door of Xuanzong's younger brother. Yao Chong wanted to get back at Zhang, but he didn't expose it directly. One day, the court stopped and all the courtiers left. Yao Chong limped alone and fell ill. Xuanzong stopped him and asked him what was going on. He said, "My foot is broken." Ask again: "It doesn't hurt very much, does it?" Answer: "I have something on my mind, but the pain is not in my feet." Xuanzong asked what it meant, and he said, "It's your majesty's beloved brother, and Zhang said that he is an assistant minister. I'm afraid they will do bad things by car secretly! So I am very worried. " Zhang said that the Prime Minister could no longer be a prime minister, and was demoted to Xiangzhou (now the river under his jurisdiction) and the southwest secretariat of Linzhang County. Among Yao Chong's contemporaries; Zhang is also an outstanding figure, but the relationship between them has always been a mystery. According to legend, Yao Chong warned his son before he died: "Zhang said that he had a deep hatred with me. After my death, out of courtesy, he will come to offer his condolences. You can show the precious utensils I have taken in my life. He likes this kind of thing best. If he doesn't look, you should be prepared, and the disaster of genocide will come. If he looks at these things, it means nothing. Give them to him and ask him to write my tombstone. After getting the inscription he wrote, he immediately copied it and submitted it to the emperor, and prepared to publish the stone immediately. He is slower than me and will go back on his word in a few days; If he sends someone to ask for the inscription, he will say that it has been submitted to the emperor for approval and will show him the printed tablet. " After Yao Chong's death, Zhang said that he went to pay his respects, saw him playing, watched and watched. The philosopher of Yao Chong got the inscription written by Yao Chong as instructed, but his plan to get it back failed. Zhang was furious and said, "Yao Chong's death can still be regarded as family planning."
Yao Chong's relationship with other contemporary celebrities is not harmonious. Another prime minister, Liu Youqiu, was also dismissed when Zhang was demoted to the secretariat of Xiangzhou. Liu Youqiu is very dissatisfied. He was told that he was "complaining", that is, he was complaining behind his back. Yao Chong and others persuaded Xuanzong with a soothing gesture, saying, "It is human nature for Liu You to beg that he is a hero, and he was a little depressed when he first took up his idle post. They have great achievements and high status. Once they are sent to prison, I am afraid it will cause great shock! " As a result, Liu Youqiu was transferred from Beijing to Zhou Mu (now southwest of Chun 'an County, Zhejiang Province) as a secretariat. What Yao Chong and others said above was ostensibly to protect Liu Youqiu, but actually proved that he had committed the crime of "resentment". According to historical records, Yao Chong has always been jealous of Liu Youqiu, which seems justified. Wei Zhigu was also a celebrity at that time, and his contribution, status and vision were comparable to those of Yao Chong. He was first introduced by Yao Chong, but later he was tied with Yao Chong. Yao Chong gradually looked down on him and pushed him out to Luoyang, the eastern capital, to be in charge of state affairs. Wei Zhigu is dissatisfied. Yao Chong has two sons, both of whom are officials in Du Dong. Knowing that Wei Zhigu was promoted by his father, he took the back door of Wei Zhigu for personal gain. After Wei Zhigu arrived in Chang 'an, he reported all their actions to Xuanzong. One day, Xuanzong chatted with Yao Chong and asked, by the way, "What is your son's talent and morality? What are you doing now? " Yao Chong is very smart. He immediately guessed that there was something in Xuanzong's words, so he took the initiative to answer, "I have three sons, two of whom are in Du Dong. They are insatiable and careless, and they will definitely take the road of Wei Zhigu, but I haven't had time to ask them. " Xuanzong thought that Yao Chong was trying to hide something for his son, but he was very happy to hear Yao Chong tell the truth. Xuanzong asked Yao Chong again, how did he know? Yao Chong said: "When Wei Zhigu's social status was very low, I protected him and promoted him; My son is very stupid, thinking that Wei Zhigu must have tolerated their evil deeds because he was grateful to me, so he went his way. " Hearing this, Xuanzong thought that Yao Chong was an aristocrat, but looked down upon Wei Zhigu. He felt that he had failed Yao Chong and wanted to fire him. Yao Chong also asked Xuanzong to say, "My sons acted foolishly and broke the law. It is very lucky that your majesty pardoned their sins. If Wei Zhigu's official is dismissed because of this, the world will think that your majesty is doing this out of personal feelings for me and will bring trouble to your reputation. " However, Wei Zhigu went to the left and became the Minister of Industry.
Zhang Jiuling
Zhang Jiuling (673-740)
A naturalist, Zi Shou, was born in Qujiang, Shaozhou (now Shaoguan City, Guangdong Province). In the early years of Tang Zhongzong Jinglong, Xuanzong was a scholar in Kaiyuan Tang Dynasty, an official assistant to Zhongshu, a secretary of Zhongshu, and a famous sage in Tang Dynasty. His five-character ancient poems, with simple and plain language, entrusted with far-reaching life expectations and made great contributions to sweeping away the magnificent poetic style of the Six Dynasties inherited from the early Tang Dynasty.
If you are less intelligent and less educated, you will become a weak scholar and a school bookkeeper. He also boarded the system, which is a supplement to the left. He wrote a letter to Li Longji, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, advocating attaching importance to the selection of local officials and correcting the atmosphere of emphasizing the inside over the outside; The selection of officials should be based on ability rather than seniority. Prime Minister Zhang said that he attached great importance to his literary talent and called it "the crown of latecomers". In the 11th year of Kaiyuan (723), he was a calligrapher in China. Zhang said, "Let's go." . In nineteen years, Xuanzong was called a secretary, a petty official supervisor and a bachelor in Jixian College, and later transferred to Zhongshu Assistant Minister. Twenty-one years, with Zhongshu assistant minister as the phase. He suggested reclaiming farmland in Henan and planting rice with water, so he served as rice field ambassador in Henan.
At that time, Wu Huifei, a favorite of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, tried to abolish Prince Li Ying. Recently, those who are close to misfortune and break the law are exempt from punishment because of preferential treatment. Will you do things according to law in the future? Xuanzong said: "I have long hated this phenomenon." Sixth, in recent years, those famous families,' relying on the relationship of fellow villagers, gave gifts and paid bribes, even in official towns; Excuse me, except for rent, rent, transfer and other taxes, all apportionment should be put an end to? Xuanzong said; "willing to do so." Seventh, Huixian Temple in Wuhou, Shengshan Temple in Zhongzong, Jinxian Temple in Huang Shang (Zong Rui) and Yuzhen Temple all cost millions of dollars, causing great harm to the people. May I ask that temples and palaces be banned? Xuanzong said: "As soon as I saw these phenomena, I felt uneasy. How dare I do it again? " Eighth, the former emperors played with ministers, which was detrimental to the etiquette of respecting each other; I hope your majesty can be polite to his deputies, ok? Xuanzong said, "It should be so. Why not? " Ninth, some ministers in the former dynasty lost their lives when they spoke frankly, which made loyal ministers flinch; I asked, any courtier can make faces and speak out without any taboo, can you? Xuanzong said: "Not only can I not tolerate this kind of treatment. Treat me and you will follow the advice. " Tenth, in the Western Han Dynasty and the Eastern Han Dynasty, the consorts were in chaos, and later generations felt chilling, while the dictatorship of our consorts in the Tang Dynasty was even worse; I ask your majesty to write down this kind of thing I am facing in the history books, and take it as a warning forever and become a law that can never be repeated, can you? After hearing this, Xuanzong couldn't calm down for a long time and said, "This matter can be said to be a matter of carving bones and muscles!" The next day, Yao Chong was officially appointed as Prime Minister.
When Sima Guang wrote Zi Tong Zhi Jian in Song Dynasty, he took Yao Chong's remarks with a grain of salt, so he only made a few general remarks, which was a bit too formal. When Yao Chong was in Wu Zetian, he spent a long time in the history of Xiangwangfu, and knew Li Longji, the son of Wang Xiang, very early. After receiving the secret telegram, he sorted out his personal feelings for many years and made a statement face to face. This is entirely possible and should not be doubted. Moreover, his attitude towards Wu Zetian mentioned in the last section is mainly in affirmation. In fact, he is not always sure about Wu Zetian, but also has a negative side. Especially for Wei Ruyun, Princess Anle, Princess Taiping and their henchmen, he hated them even more. He was a loyal minister in the Tang Dynasty and a sober, pragmatic and idealistic feudal politician. In his view, to revitalize the Tang Dynasty, it is necessary to get rid of the evils accumulated over the years, so that there is hope for the country to be rich and strong.
The pragmatic achievements of seeking truth from facts are impressive, so he ordered the palace officials and slaves to lobby the nine-year-old and dismiss the emissary at the age of nine. Xuanzong wanted john young (now Beijing) as prime minister, Zhang Shousheng as prime minister, and Shuofang (now Lingwunan, Ningxia) as prime minister. He opposed it when he was nine years old, and Li went further. Xuanzong Kaiyuan moved to the right prime minister at the age of nine in the 24th year, so he knew something about politics. Soon after, Zhou Zi dared to impeach Niu Xianke because of his recommendation to supervise the empire, which angered Xuanzong and made him "not a man" and was demoted to.
Interviewee: No change-manager level 4 8-22 13:28.
You are so old-fashioned. Finally, he asked to stop the work of the locust catcher in order to win the hearts of the people. Confused by his words, Xuanzong handed the letter to Yao Chong. Yao Chong asked Han Sifu to investigate the losses caused by the plague of locusts in Shandong. Han Sifu reported the actual situation of the disaster. Yao Chong did not believe it, so he sent Liu Shao to investigate. It is said that Liu Shao acted according to the prime minister's face, flogged the people, corrected old feelings and lied about disaster. As a result, several affected States in Shandong did not reduce rent and tax. This can only be a partial situation; Generally speaking, due to Yao Chong's persistence in exterminating locusts, although locust plagues occurred year after year, they did not cause serious famine.
Laugh and condemn; Because Zhuangtian Shuimo was owned by everyone, and nobody cared about it, it was abandoned. Therefore, follow the example of predecessors, divide the inheritance in advance and fight for it. "Third, there should be a thin burial. He pointed out that thick burial is not only useless, but even brings trouble. " The dead are ignorant, so there is no need for a heavy burial. "Fourth, it is against religious superstition, which has already been introduced. It should be pointed out that he not only opposed religious superstition himself, but also asked his sons and nephews and future generations to follow his path. His intentions are far-reaching. Although Yao Chong's will is all about personal family affairs, it is aimed at the social atmosphere at that time, so it is actually a critical essay.
Throughout Yao Chong's life, one thing stands out, that is, he pays attention to reality, and those sacred and inviolable traditions such as Confucian classics, Buddhist classics and Taoist classics, which are above the society, are all in a secondary position in his eyes. On one occasion, Yao Chong asked his staff: "As a prime minister, who can I compare with in history?" The family did not answer. Yao Chong himself said, "Can you compare with Guan Zhong and Le Yi?" The subordinate said: "although the policy of managing enjoyment cannot be carried out to future generations, it can still guarantee their own death;" Your laws, which may change at any time, seem to be inferior to theirs. " Yao Chong asked again, "So, who can you compare with?" The subordinate said, "you can be regarded as the prime minister who saves time." For this kind of evaluation, Yao Chong did not think it was belittling him, but enjoyed it. He threw away his pen and said, "Is it easy to save time? "
Good politics to promote human rights
If you are less intelligent and less educated, you will become a weak scholar and a school bookkeeper. He also boarded the system, which is a supplement to the left. He wrote a letter to Li Longji, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, advocating attaching importance to the selection of local officials and correcting the atmosphere of emphasizing the inside over the outside; The selection of officials should be based on ability rather than seniority. Prime Minister Zhang said that he attached great importance to his literary talent and called it "the crown of latecomers". In the 11th year of Kaiyuan (723), he was a calligrapher in China. Zhang said, "Let's go." . In nineteen years, Xuanzong was called a secretary, a petty official supervisor and a bachelor in Jixian College, and later transferred to Zhongshu Assistant Minister. Twenty-one years, with Zhongshu assistant minister as the phase. He suggested reclaiming farmland in Henan and planting rice with water, so he served as rice field ambassador in Henan.
Killing the murderer is the usual method of courtiers, and I dare not say that it has any credit; It is also a proper moral integrity to be a courtier and bid farewell to the old master. It is really a willing crime. "On the same day, Yao Chong was transferred from the imperial court to Bozhou (now Bozhou, Anhui) secretariat. Later, some people thought it was Yao Chong's cleverness. It means that he foresaw that the struggle of the imperial court was not over yet, so he made such an escape plan in order not to get into a deeper whirlpool. Of course, this possibility is not ruled out. But it is undeniable that his words and deeds show that he also has deep feelings for Wu Zetian.