Aisingiorro, Jiaqing, reigned for twenty-five years. Born in the 25th year of Qianlong (1760) on November 13th, mother Wei Jiashi (Han nationality). In the fifty-fourth year of Qianlong (1789), he was named Prince Heshuojia.
Extended data
Governing the country diligently
Rectify official management
Since the mid-Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, the bureaucracy has become increasingly lax and the official style has become increasingly corrupt, which is manifested not only in the selfishness of officials, but also in the laziness and obedience of officials at all levels. In the local area, "politics is a bribe, people have no long-term vision, weakness is kindness, fun is elegance, generosity is a name, and kindness is reality"; In the central government, big shots "have more positions and are less harmful to the country;" There are many people with guilty conscience, but few people call a spade a spade. "
In the fourth year of Jiaqing (1799), Emperor Jiaqing was in charge of internal affairs and foreign affairs. At that time, Emperor Jiaqing was 36 years old and had a clear understanding of the official style at that time. He said simply to the governor of Zhili: "There are few people who are greedy for ink, but many who are bored with it. As a bystander, the minister refused to remain firm ... the little official followed suit and only knew how to protect himself. The hidden worries of this real country cannot be rectified. "
In addition to punishing corruption, Emperor Jiaqing believed that "diligence" was very important to officials and ordinary people. In his article Qin Zheng Dian Ji, he pointed out that from the emperor to Shu Ren, diligence is the foundation of the country, diligence is the rule of the country, and laziness is the danger of the country; I am diligent and orderly in government affairs, while I am lazy and disorderly in government affairs; If a scholar is not diligent, he will accomplish nothing in his studies; If the cultivator is lazy occasionally, the harvest will be reduced.
All walks of life have different things, but the principle is the same. As far as the country is concerned, if there are six ministers inside and nine ministers outside, provincial government officials can work hard day and night, work hard and unite as one, what problems can't be solved?
Emperor Jiaqing strongly advocated diligence, and at the same time asked the court officials to do practical things. He believes that only when there is truth can there be truth, and only when there is truth can there be truth, and only when there is truth can it truly benefit the people. And those officials who are lazy and desperate for politics will "live slowly and leisurely" and cheat the world by faking and whitewashing because they "treat the people like dirt, have no solid politics and love the people for nothing".
When Emperor Jiaqing asked officials to be pragmatic, they were also self-disciplined. He took a clear rejection attitude towards the scenery and auspicious words that feudal emperors attached great importance to since ancient times, and also had his own unique views on the theory of the unity of man and nature. Shortly after taking office, he issued a decree to the cabinet, saying that "only the current situation and gains are the best, and never dare to perfunctory and whitewash." Covering the land with people and telling auspicious words are easy to overflow; When you call a spade a spade, you will know how to cultivate yourself. "
However, this imperial edict did not attract the attention of relevant officials. Soon, Qin reported the astronomical phenomenon of "five-star connection of the sun, the moon and the pearl" as a good omen, which was severely reprimanded by Emperor Jiaqing: "The five-star connection of the sun, the moon and the pearl was recorded in the previous history books, and I also roughly knew the algorithm, which was not difficult to calculate." "These stories are extravagant and auspicious, almost arrogant, really for me."
Later, Qian Kai, Qing of Guanglu Temple, requested to stop the stone road project outside Zhengyangmen, which was under intense construction, in case of rain. Emperor Jiaqing flatly refused and told him clearly: "Nothing can help the five elements!"
Severely punish the bad atmosphere of officialdom
After Emperor Jiaqing ascended the throne, facing the extremely sharp social reality of class contradictions, he paid great attention to observing people's feelings and kept them hidden. Under the social conditions at that time, to obtain real information at all levels of society, first, it depends on the smooth flow of words, and more importantly, it depends on local officials, especially governors and governors of all provinces.
However, at that time, many local officials were often keen on singing hymns and whitewashing peace for the sake of fame and fortune. Emperor Jiaqing tried to reverse this official atmosphere. In the fourth year of Jiaqing, the uprising in An Baili, Hubei Province spread to Sichuan, and the rebels fought fiercely with the Qing army. At this moment, Lin Juan, the special envoy of Sichuan Province, reported that "people feel safe".
Emperor Jiaqing severely criticized Lin Juan's whitewashing and once again warned provincial officials: "I hope this figure is really heard." If you still don't tell the truth, just whitewash and please, then where do you know the suffering? "Warn them" not to tell lies in the future, but to tell the truth and be careful not to forget. "
Emperor Jiaqing banned local officials from lying in regular reports, especially hating officials for not reporting the disaster. For such officials, this is not a warning but a severe punishment. In January of the fifth year of Jiaqing (1800), Weiyuan, Yunnan suffered a serious flood, and many salt burning wells, salt warehouses, houses and offices were washed away.
Jiang Lan, governor of Yunnan Province, not only concealed the disaster, but even worse, after Jiaqing Emperor sent someone to verify the disaster, Jiang Lan still insisted that the harvest in the affected areas was very rich. Emperor Jiaqing decided that Jiang Lan deliberately avoided reporting the disaster, which was purely "playing with the people" and immediately dismissed him. Soon, Emperor Jiaqing issued a decree prohibiting the governor from avoiding disasters. He said that if the provincial governors "can't hide, the people will be hungry and helpless, or they will leave trouble."
However, Jiang Lan's lessons from the past have not played much warning role for a large number of officials who are used to telling lies. In the seventh year of Jiaqing (1802), a serious locust plague occurred in Shandong. Emperor Jiaqing issued several decrees, ordering local authorities to investigate the disaster in detail. Shandong Governor and Ning actually claimed in the report: "There are migratory locusts between Jining and other counties, and they don't eat crops."
Jiaqing emperor dismissed, refused to report the disaster, dismissed. Two years later, the same thing happened in Zhili. In brief, the governor of Zhili told many lies when he reported the harvest and locust plague in Zhili that year, saying that Zhili wheat could get a "very" harvest before the wheat harvest. Emperor Jiaqing questioned the prediction: "Ten points are tied to barnyard grass, how can there be many?" Yan Yan concealed the locust plague in Zhili and the losses caused by it.
When Emperor Jiaqing found migratory locusts in the palace and asked Yan to check the locust plague in Zhili of the Ming Dynasty, Yan said in the replay that all the locusts in Zhili had been caught, and lied that migratory locusts did not harm crops, but only ate grass. At that time, Emperor Jiaqing had mastered the losses caused by the locust plague. Only outside Guangqumen, Tian He was eaten by locusts for four tenths. There were locusts in other counties, and Xiaomi was seriously injured.
When Emperor Jiaqing was reading the throne in his palace, the migratory locust actually landed on the imperial case, and the eunuch caught more than a dozen at once. There are locusts flying into the palace, and the fields in the suburbs don't understand geometry. Jane was handed over to the Ministry for bullying and whitewashing. Emperor Jiaqing took this opportunity to warn provincial governors: "As soon as the habit of whitewashing peace is opened, governors and others will only pay attention to Chen's words, while subordinates will cater to them. If they are ignorant for a long time, things that affect the national economy and people's livelihood will not be honest. "
In the view of Emperor Jiaqing, if government officials try to whitewash everything and bully the emperor, there will be no governance of local government affairs.
Emperor Jiaqing wanted to hear the local real report and see the local real situation. When he visited Wutai Mountain, it was forbidden to decorate the road with rockeries and pavilions, and not to perform in front of the temple. Emperor Jiaqing resented that local officials made fake mountains with mats, covered dirty places with colors, and decorated folk villages along the way, such as Lushe.
He once said that the complete folk village road agency where the mirage road passes can see its rich scene, and its dilapidated houses can also be used to understand the sufferings of people's livelihood, which is an effective way to understand the place and see the people's feelings, in line with the essence of "examining the people's feelings."
After Emperor Jiaqing ascended the throne, he made great efforts to change the fashion of indolence and pretentiousness in officialdom, so that a group of doers played a positive role in promoting the advantages and eliminating the disadvantages in the early reign of Jiaqing, and the political situation also changed to a certain extent.
But overall, the official atmosphere has not been fundamentally changed. In the 18th year of Jiaqing (18 13), Jiang Youkai, the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, said in the Report on the Governance of Local Officials: "In recent days, when we look at roads, states and counties, there are fewer people who are greedy for coolness and more people who are frustrated. Husband and wife are brewing, but greedy. " It can be seen that it is difficult for the Qing Dynasty to punish those who are greedy and cool, and it is even more difficult to change the official atmosphere.
References:
China Net-How did Emperor Jiaqing rectify the official atmosphere? He hates singing and whitewashing peace.