The future of rural education has become an unavoidable hot and difficult issue.
Problems in rural education
The serious loss of rural students is by no means an alarmist. For example, in a village in the suburb of qiaoxi district, Xingtai City, there are about 220 registered school-age students, and only about 80 of them attend primary school in this village. Among the students who go out to school, only a few move to the city because their parents have stable jobs in the urban area and buy commercial housing. This has led to a series of problems:
1, educational resources are idle or even wasted. With the country's emphasis on education, the investment in educational hardware is also increasing, new school buildings abound, and various supporting sports facilities are gradually improving, but these are not enough to prevent rural students from "running away". In addition, contrary to the continuous decrease in the number of students in rural schools, the financial input for improving school conditions in rural areas has not decreased. In this case, a variety of hardware facilities invested in large-scale improvement of schools are idle, resulting in a waste of educational resources.
2, affect the normal teaching of rural schools. The original teaching environment and teaching order collapsed, and the deserted classroom not only made it difficult for teachers to enter the state, but also failed to form an atmosphere of mutual inspiration and competition among students. Music, physical education, art, computer and other related courses are even more difficult to carry out.
3. The educational resources in urban areas or inflow areas are tight. A large number of rural students are concentrated in cities, which leads to the situation that "the city is full, the countryside is weak and the village is empty". The direct result is that there are super-large classes and huge schools in the city. In many places, the class capacity of primary schools has reached more than 70 or even 80 students. A person in charge of the county-level education bureau said that due to the increase in the number of students in the county in recent years, the government has built and expanded some schools, but it is still not enough. "In order to prevent some leaders and parents from handing notes and finding relationships, many primary and secondary school principals' mobile phones are turned off during the summer vacation. "
4. The educational burden of rural parents has increased. Due to the improvement of living conditions, rural parents pay more attention to education than ever before. Some parents distrust the conditions and education level of rural primary schools and send their children to schools with better conditions in urban areas. Even many parents choose to rent a house in the city to accompany them. The follow-up effect among parents makes some families with poor economic conditions choose to send their children to urban primary schools. As a result, the education costs of ordinary families in rural areas have increased, such as transportation expenses, lunch classes, and time costs of picking up and dropping off children from a distance.
5. The loss of excellent teachers. People are generally not interested in recruiting primary and secondary school teachers in rural areas or areas with poor economic conditions, which proves that this is not a popular career choice. The main reason is that the treatment of rural teachers is not high. This is the lack of teachers in rural education from the perspective of new teachers. For the existing rural teachers, the loss of rural students is the main reason for the loss of excellent teachers. One is the reduction of educational posts, and the other is that the loss of students reduces the sense of professional accomplishment. In the end, "the fewer students, the fewer teachers, the fewer students, and fall into a vicious circle."
Suggestions on improving rural education
The essence of rural education is the huge digital gap between urban and rural education, the difference in hardware level between urban and rural primary and secondary schools, the difference in the treatment of teachers in urban and rural primary and secondary schools, and the difference in the promotion platform of vocational retraining, which ultimately determine the educational attraction of a school and a region, and even the stable development and improvement of the education level in a region. Therefore, to improve rural education, we should do the following work:
1, in improving the hardware level of rural primary and secondary schools, adjust the direction and make precise efforts.
In recent years, the state's hardware investment in rural education has increased year by year, but most of these funds are reflected in new school buildings, beautiful playgrounds and other achievements, and many new teaching buildings have a large area, which is seriously inconsistent with the existing student scale. The school has a beautiful shell, but the "digital resources" representing high-level educational resources, such as projectors, multimedia and other teaching media, are not invested enough. Since 20 12, the Ministry of Education has started to implement the "Digital Resources Full Coverage Project" in teaching points. However, it is found in the survey that there are very few schools in rural areas that have the conditions to use projectors, multimedia and other teaching media.
In view of this problem, the solution should be to "use good steel in the cutting edge", instead of blindly spending education funds on rebuilding school buildings and other places, we should repair and transform school buildings to reduce the reconstruction cost while eliminating potential safety hazards, and then invest in the teaching of "digital resources", buy teaching equipment such as projectors and multimedia, and choose supporting high-speed campus network services. Finally, informatization will promote the enjoyment of high-quality educational resources.
2, the implementation of rural teaching point revitalization project, distinguish the situation, the right medicine.
Relevant education departments conducted an accurate survey of rural primary and secondary schools within their jurisdiction, and observed them for a period of time to draw a conclusion. For the teaching points that need to be closed, supporting policies will be implemented in terms of student diversion, school bus service and school property disposal. Through the redistribution of resources, students can study and study, and idle educational resources can exert their residual heat. For the teaching points in the transitional period, the legitimate rights and interests of children should be fully guaranteed in terms of stable school buildings, children's safety and teacher supply; For permanently reserved teaching points, preferential policies are implemented in terms of funds, teachers' equipment, infrastructure facilities and school management.
3. Establish a long-term supplementary mechanism for rural teachers.
The establishment of supervision and guidance, city and county (city, district) recruitment of rural teachers open recruitment supplementary mechanism. Strictly regulate the recruitment standard conditions, written interview content, recruitment procedures and post-employment teacher management to ensure the continuous delivery of a large number of outstanding college graduates for rural schools. According to the actual demand, governments at all levels actively explore the implementation of the local "special post teacher plan" and implement the national wage subsidy standard for special post teachers. Establish and improve the compensation system for tuition fees and national student loans for college graduates, and compensate full-time college graduates who teach in rural schools in poor areas with tuition fees and national student loans.
Innovate the teacher training system. Based on the principle of "setting posts according to needs, training according to posts, two-way selection and fixed post service", we should reform the teacher training mode in normal universities, build professional teacher training institutions, and promote the construction and development of teacher education colleges in colleges and universities.
Implement the rural teaching and lecture plan for outstanding retired teachers. A certain number of retired special-grade teachers and senior teachers are selected to teach in rural schools every year. The central finance and provincial finance may be required to give financial subsidies according to the "three districts" teacher talent support plan.
4. Promote the characteristic development of rural teaching points.
For rural areas with a small population but still need to survive, it is necessary to develop small-class teaching, study a new "cramming education" education model different from the previous large-class teaching, give play to students' subjective learning enthusiasm, and make efforts in classroom interaction with teachers; Develop courses with local characteristics, and don't blindly compare the courses arranged by urban schools, such as offering some courses on rural cultural communication, so that students can have a new perspective to contact their accustomed land and countryside; Give special funds to support school culture construction, rural teachers' professional development and home-school cooperation, and promote the characteristic development of rural teaching points.
5. Improve the treatment of rural teachers.
Only by improving the treatment of rural teachers and improving the vocational training mechanism can rural teaching points attract outstanding educational talents to return to the countryside. First, in terms of direct financial subsidies, we should increase subsidies, especially transportation subsidies and holiday subsidies. Many normal students have to work in rural teaching points because of the policy of free normal students after graduation. From the city to the countryside, the psychological gap and practical difficulties in life and marriage make it difficult for these people to take root in rural teaching points. Therefore, the salary should be tilted towards rural teachers to enhance the attractiveness of this position. Second, strengthen the on-the-job training of teachers in rural teaching points. The demand for salary is only one aspect of a person's career choice. More importantly, he can get better development and promotion in this profession and has certain career prospects. Therefore, it is extremely important to retrain teachers in rural teaching points. Determine the training index of teachers in rural teaching points separately; In the design of training courses, we should "tailor-made" for them, and enhance the practicability of teacher training according to the characteristics of rural teaching points and small classes. Strengthen inter-school ties, encourage inter-school cooperation, promote and improve the modes of "joint running schools" and "strong alliance", promote the development of rural teaching points through the radiation of high-quality educational resources, and break through the "last mile" of the weak link of compulsory education.
Finally, education is related to a person's future, the hope of a family, the call of a country to revitalize this society has never stopped, and the country's efforts have never stopped. The key to the problem lies in the right medicine and solid practice. Rural education must not engage in the construction of key areas and key schools, but must make up for shortcomings and invest accurately.