The controller is responsible for controlling the operation of the computer.
3 input device keyboard mouse
4 output devices, monitors, stereos, etc.
Memory is divided into internal memory and external memory, and external memory is used to store running programs. The external memory is a hard disk, which stores your data.
Extended data:
Microcomputer system is called "microcomputer system" for short. It is a computer system composed of microcomputer, display, input and output equipment, power supply and control panel. Equipped with operating system, high-level language and various instrument software.
Microcomputer system is one of the most important scientific and technological achievements in the 20th century. It is a modern electronic equipment that can automatically, quickly and accurately process information. The computer has the ability of arithmetic operation and logical judgment, and can automatically complete data processing through pre-programmed programs.
Therefore, it can also be said that the computer is also a tool to help human beings engage in mental work (including memory, calculation, analysis, judgment, design, consultation, diagnosis, decision-making, learning and creation). Nowadays, the application of computer has penetrated into every corner of society, which has greatly changed people's work, study and life style and become the main symbol of the information age.
Features:
1) Small size, light weight and low power consumption; Because large-scale and ultra-large-scale integrated circuits are widely used in microcomputers, the size of microcomputers is greatly reduced. For example, PentiumII in130.9mm &: sup2; In terms of chip area, the power consumption is only 38.2W when it works at the main clock frequency of 266MHz.
With the development of VLSI technology, the integration of microprocessors will be higher in the future.
2) High reliability and low requirements for the use environment. Because the microcomputer adopts large-scale and ultra-large-scale integrated circuits, the number of devices used in the system is reduced, and the number of wires and connectors between devices is also reduced accordingly. Moreover, the power consumption of MOS circuit itself is also very low, so the reliability of microcomputer is greatly improved.
So as to reduce the requirements for the use environment. Ordinary family and office environments can meet the requirements and promote the popularization of microcomputers.
3) Simple structure, flexible system design, strong adaptability and convenient use. Microcomputer mostly adopts modular hardware structure, and the functional components of the system are connected with various adapters through standard bus slots, which increases the flexibility and convenience of system expansion.
Modern microprocessor chips and their corresponding supporting logic and I/O interfaces have been standardized and serialized. Users can choose different functional components according to different application requirements, with complete functions and convenient use, which accelerates the application and popularization of microcomputers.
4) Rich application software configuration. Software is the soul of computer. From system software to application software, it is easy to form microcomputer systems of different scales, thus making the microcomputer have strong adaptability.
5) Cost-effective and high cost-effective refers to the ratio of machine performance to selling price, which is a comprehensive index to measure product performance. The performance of many high-performance microcomputers has reached or exceeded the level of small and medium-sized computers or even large computers and workstations, but their prices are much lower than them. The excellent performance-price ratio of microcomputer is the basis of its wide application, and it also further promotes the development of microcomputer technology.
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-Microcomputer System