The background of the Opinions is that in recent years, China has continuously strengthened the quality management of construction projects, and the overall quality level has steadily improved. However, due to the large amount of construction work, various quality problems still occur from time to time. In order to solve the outstanding problems faced by the quality management of construction projects, further improve the quality assurance system and continuously improve the quality of construction projects.
Highlight the primary responsibility of the construction unit
The Opinions put forward four measures to strengthen the responsibilities of all parties. Including highlighting the main responsibility of the construction unit, implementing the main responsibility of the construction unit, clarifying the main responsibility of the house use safety and fulfilling the government's project quality supervision responsibility.
Highlight the primary responsibility of the construction unit. The construction unit shall strengthen the quality management of the whole process of project construction, strictly fulfill the legal procedures and quality responsibilities, and shall not contract the project illegally. The construction unit should conscientiously implement the project legal person responsibility system to ensure reasonable construction period and expenses. The establishment of project quality information publicity system, the construction unit should take the initiative to open the project completion acceptance and other information, accept social supervision.
The "Opinions" also clarified the main responsibility for the safety of housing use. Housing owners and users should correctly use and maintain the house, and it is strictly forbidden to change the main body and load-bearing structure of the house without authorization. To strengthen the safety management of housing use, the owner of the house and the management service unit entrusted by him shall regularly check the housing safety, earnestly fulfill the obligation of housing maintenance, and effectively ensure the safety of housing use.
Guarantee the project winning the bid with the lowest price with high insurance amount.
Take six measures to improve the management system, including reforming the organizational model of project construction, improving the bidding system, promoting project guarantee and insurance, and strengthening project design and construction management.
Reform the organizational model of engineering construction. The implementation of general contracting, the implementation of the general contractor in the project quality and safety, schedule control, cost management and other aspects of responsibility. Improve the professional subcontracting system and vigorously develop professional contracting enterprises. Actively develop the whole process of engineering consulting and professional services, innovate the engineering supervision system, and strictly implement the quality responsibility of professional qualified personnel in the fields of engineering consulting (investment), survey and design, supervision and cost. Implement the architect responsibility system in civil construction projects, give architects the right to issue instructions and approve projects on behalf of the construction unit according to the contract agreement between the two parties, and clarify the responsibilities that architects should bear.
Improve the bidding system. Improve the decision-making mechanism of the tenderer, further implement the autonomy of the tenderer, and explore the establishment of an institutional mechanism that can better meet the needs of the project in the process of bid evaluation and calibration. Simplify bidding procedures, implement electronic bidding and remote bid evaluation in different places, and strictly manage bid evaluation experts. Strengthen the traceability of the main responsibility of bidding and expand the standardized application of credit information in the bidding process. Severely crack down on illegal activities such as collusive bidding and false bidding, and strengthen the supervision of contract performance after bidding.
Carry out engineering guarantee and insurance. Carry out the bank guarantee system, and carry out the project guarantee company guarantee and project guarantee insurance in qualified areas. If the tenderer requires the winning bidder to provide performance guarantee, the tenderer shall also provide the winning bidder with the guarantee for payment of project funds. The exploration of winning the bid at the lowest price and the guarantee of high performance are carried out. Organize pilot projects of engineering quality insurance to accelerate the development of engineering quality insurance.
The original text is as follows:
Guiding opinions on perfecting quality assurance system and improving engineering quality
The quality of construction projects is related to the safety of people's lives and property, the future and inheritance of the city, and the development level of new urbanization. In recent years, China has continuously strengthened the quality management of construction projects, and the overall quality level has steadily improved. However, due to the large amount of construction work, various quality problems still occur from time to time. In order to solve the outstanding problems faced by the quality management of construction projects, further improve the quality assurance system and continuously improve the quality of construction projects, we hereby put forward the following opinions.
I. General requirements
Fully implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Second and Third Plenary Sessions of the 19th National Congress, the Central Urbanization Work Conference and the Central Urban Work Conference, adhere to the people-oriented principle and firmly establish a new development concept in accordance with the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, take the supply-side structural reform as the main line, and take the quality of construction projects as the breakthrough point, strive to break down institutional and institutional obstacles, gradually improve the quality assurance system, continuously improve the coincidence rate of project quality spot checks and the satisfaction of the masses, and further improve the overall level of construction project quality.
Second, strengthen the responsibilities of all parties.
(a) highlight the main responsibility of the construction unit. The construction unit shall strengthen the quality management of the whole process of project construction, strictly fulfill the legal procedures and quality responsibilities, and shall not contract the project illegally. The construction unit should conscientiously implement the project legal person responsibility system to ensure reasonable construction period and expenses. The establishment of project quality information publicity system, the construction unit should take the initiative to open the project completion acceptance and other information, accept social supervision. (The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and the Development and Reform Commission are responsible)
(two) the implementation of the main responsibility of the construction unit. The construction unit should improve the quality management system, establish post responsibility system, set up quality management institutions, equip full-time quality leaders, and strengthen total quality management. Carry out the project quality and safety manual system, promote the standardization of project quality management, and implement the quality management requirements to every project and every employee. Establish a quality responsibility identification system, carry out listing acceptance on key working procedures and concealed works in key parts, strengthen the management of construction records and acceptance data, and realize traceability of quality responsibility. The construction unit shall be responsible for the construction quality of the construction project and shall not subcontract or illegally subcontract the project. (Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development is responsible)
(three) clear responsibility for the use of housing safety. The owner of the house should bear the main responsibility for the safety of the house. Housing owners and users should correctly use and maintain the house, and it is strictly forbidden to change the main body and load-bearing structure of the house without authorization. To strengthen the safety management of housing use, the owner of the house and the management service unit entrusted by him shall regularly check the housing safety, earnestly fulfill the obligation of housing maintenance, and effectively ensure the safety of housing use. (Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development is responsible)
(four) to fulfill the responsibility of government engineering quality supervision. Strengthen the government's quality supervision over the whole process of engineering construction, encourage the government to purchase services, entrust qualified social forces to carry out engineering quality supervision, inspection and sampling inspection, explore the supervision mode of engineering supervision enterprises, and improve the supervision system of provinces, cities and counties. Improve the quality supervision and inspection system that combines daily inspection with spot check and spot check, fully implement the "double random and one open" inspection mode and "Internet plus supervision" mode, and implement the supervision responsibility. Strengthen the construction of engineering quality supervision team, and the funds required for supervision institutions to perform supervision functions are fully guaranteed by the financial budget at the same level. Strengthen the safety supervision of engineering design, strengthen the audit of structural calculation, and improve the overall safety and fire safety of design structures. (Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Finance and Emergency Department are responsible)
Third, improve the management system.
(1) Reform the organizational model of engineering construction. The implementation of general contracting, the implementation of the general contractor in the project quality and safety, schedule control, cost management and other aspects of responsibility. Improve the professional subcontracting system and vigorously develop professional contracting enterprises. Actively develop the whole process of engineering consulting and professional services, innovate the engineering supervision system, and strictly implement the quality responsibility of professional qualified personnel in the fields of engineering consulting (investment), survey and design, supervision and cost. Implement the architect responsibility system in civil construction projects, give architects the right to issue instructions and approve projects on behalf of the construction unit according to the contract agreement between the two parties, and clarify the responsibilities that architects should bear. (The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and the Development and Reform Commission are responsible)
(2) Improve the bidding system. Improve the decision-making mechanism of the tenderer, further implement the autonomy of the tenderer, and explore the establishment of an institutional mechanism that can better meet the needs of the project in the process of bid evaluation and calibration. Simplify bidding procedures, implement electronic bidding and remote bid evaluation in different places, and strictly manage bid evaluation experts. Strengthen the traceability of the main responsibility of bidding and expand the standardized application of credit information in the bidding process. Severely crack down on illegal activities such as collusive bidding and false bidding, and strengthen the supervision of contract performance after bidding. (Responsible by the Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and the General Administration of Market Supervision)
(three) the implementation of project guarantee and insurance. Carry out the bank guarantee system, and carry out the project guarantee company guarantee and project guarantee insurance in qualified areas. If the tenderer requires the winning bidder to provide performance guarantee, the tenderer shall also provide the winning bidder with the guarantee for payment of project funds. The exploration of winning the bid at the lowest price and the guarantee of high performance are carried out. Organize pilot projects of engineering quality insurance to accelerate the development of engineering quality insurance. (Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Finance, People's Bank of China and China Banking Regulatory Commission are responsible)
(4) Strengthen engineering design and construction management. Carry out the architectural policy of "applicability, economy, green and beauty" and guide the formulation of architectural design guidelines in line with urban regional characteristics. Establish a system of "pre-planning and post-evaluation" for buildings, improve the review and demonstration mechanism of architectural design schemes, and improve the decision-making level of architectural design schemes. Strengthen the design management of residential areas, scientifically design residential units, enhance safety, practicality and livability, and improve the environmental quality of residential areas. It is strictly forbidden for government investment projects to exceed the standard. Strictly control the construction of super-high-rise buildings, strictly implement the examination and approval system for seismic fortification of super-high-rise buildings, and strengthen the management of earthquake resistance, fire protection and energy conservation of super-high-rise buildings. Create a demonstration project of building quality and increase the recognition of outstanding enterprises, projects and individuals; We will increase policy support for outstanding enterprises in bidding and finance, and encourage the quality of enterprises to be included in bidding evaluation factors. (Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, Emergency Department and People's Bank of China are responsible)
(five) the implementation of green construction methods. Improve the product standards and certification evaluation system of green building materials, further improve the energy-saving standards of building products, and establish a product release system. Vigorously develop prefabricated buildings, promote green construction, and reduce the adverse impact of the construction process on the environment through advanced technology and scientific management. Establish and improve the standard system of green buildings, and improve the evaluation and labeling system of green buildings. (Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and General Administration of Market Supervision are responsible)
(six) to support the rational preservation and utilization of existing buildings. Promote the protection and renewal of old cities and industrial areas, and guide the renovation and design innovation of existing buildings. Protect and make rational use of cultural relics according to law. The establishment of building demolition management system, shall not be arbitrarily removed in accordance with the planning standards, in a reasonable service life of public buildings. Carry out pilot demonstrations on the transformation and utilization of public buildings and industrial buildings. Formulate relevant supporting policies such as fire fighting and energy saving, and support the protection and renewal of existing buildings. (Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Emergency Department and Cultural Relics Bureau are responsible)
Fourth, improve the support system.
(1) Improve the standard system of engineering construction. Systematically formulate full-text mandatory engineering construction specifications, streamline and integrate government recommended standards, cultivate development groups and enterprise standards, and accelerate integration with international standards. Organize the comparison of domestic and foreign standards in key areas to improve the standard level. Strengthen the international exchange and cooperation of engineering construction standards, and promote the transformation and application of a number of China standards to international standards. (Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, General Administration of Market Supervision and Ministry of Commerce are responsible)
(2) Strengthen the quality management of building materials. Establish and improve the mechanism of dealing with defective building materials products, information sharing and departmental collaborative processing, implement the lifelong responsibility of building materials production units and suppliers, and standardize the order of building materials market. Strengthen the quality management in the production, transportation and use of ready-mixed concrete. Encourage enterprises to establish a quality control system for the whole process of production, construction and installation of prefabricated building components, and implement the ex-factory supervision system for prefabricated building components. Establish a traceability mechanism of building materials quality from production to use, and publish relevant information to the society. (The General Administration of Market Supervision, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology are responsible)
(3) Enhance the ability of scientific and technological innovation. Increase technological innovation and R&D investment in the construction industry, promote the integration of Industry-University-Research, and break through the development and application of key areas and key technologies. Increase the research and development of major equipment and digital and intelligent engineering construction equipment, and comprehensively improve the technical level of engineering equipment. Promote the integrated application of building information model (BIM), big data, mobile Internet, cloud computing, Internet of Things, artificial intelligence and other technologies in the whole process of design, construction, operation and maintenance, promote the delivery and application of digital achievements in engineering construction, and improve the informatization level of the construction industry. (Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development are responsible)
(4) Strengthen employee management. Strengthen the vocational education of employees in the construction industry, vigorously carry out vocational skills training for construction workers, and encourage the establishment of vocational training and training bases. Strengthen the construction of vocational skill appraisal sites, and improve the multi-evaluation system such as skill appraisal and vocational skill grade appraisal. Carry out the real-name management of construction workers, speed up the construction of a national construction workers management service information platform, and promote enterprises to use skilled workers who meet the post requirements. Establish and improve the social insurance payment method suitable for the construction industry, vigorously promote the construction units to participate in industrial injury insurance, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of construction workers. (Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and Ministry of Finance are responsible)
Verb (abbreviation of verb) strengthens supervision and management
(a) to promote the construction of credit information platform. We will improve the public service platform for the supervision of the national construction market, strengthen information collection, improve the record system for violations of laws and regulations, timely publicize information such as administrative licenses, administrative penalties and spot checks of relevant market entities, and realize data exchange with the national enterprise credit information publicity system and the national credit information sharing platform. Establish a blacklist system for construction market entities, implement joint punishment for market entities that violate laws and regulations, and take illegal construction quality records as an important content of enterprise credit evaluation. (Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Development and Reform Commission, People's Bank of China and General Administration of Market Supervision are responsible)
(2) Strict supervision and law enforcement. Intensify the investigation of construction project quality responsibility, strengthen the implementation of lifelong responsibility for project quality, severely punish and expose units and individuals that violate relevant regulations and cause engineering quality accidents and serious quality problems, and increase penalties in terms of qualifications and employment restrictions. Strengthen the management of individual practice qualification, and punish registered practitioners who violate laws and regulations such as certificate seizure by temporarily withholding or revoking their practice qualification certificates until they are banned from practicing for life. (Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development is responsible)
(3) Strengthen social supervision. Relevant industry associations should improve the industry restraint and punishment mechanism and strengthen industry self-discipline. Establish a publicity system for the responsible subject and responsible person of construction projects. Enterprises must disclose the quality information of construction projects and accept social supervision. Explore the establishment of a social supervision mechanism for the quality of construction projects, support public participation in supervision, and reasonably express quality demands. All localities should improve the coordination and handling mechanism of engineering quality complaints and disputes, clarify the subject, scope of acceptance, processing flow and time limit for completion of engineering quality complaints, and regularly inform the society about the handling of engineering quality complaints. (Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Development and Reform Commission and General Administration of Market Supervision are responsible)
(4) Strengthen supervision and guidance. Establish and improve the evaluation index system of construction project quality management and quality improvement, scientifically evaluate the implementation of construction project quality laws, regulations and mandatory standards, the implementation of quality responsibility system, the construction of quality assurance system, the construction of quality supervision team, the development of construction project quality, and public satisfaction, and urge and guide all localities to effectively implement various work measures of construction project quality management. (Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development is responsible)
Sixth, do a good job in organization and implementation.
All regions and relevant departments should attach great importance to improving the quality assurance system and improving the quality of construction projects, improve the working mechanism, refine the working measures, highlight key tasks, and ensure that all work arrangements are implemented. Strengthen demonstration and guidance, encourage qualified areas to actively carry out pilot projects, and form experiences that can be replicated and popularized. Strengthen publicity and public opinion guidance, actively publicize good experiences and practices in various places, and create a good social atmosphere.
Editor in charge: Liu Xiuhao