First, environmental change and the psychological characteristics of education
The change of environment will make you freshmen have all kinds of psychological characteristics and problems. First of all, when you enter high school and a new campus, the scenery you see is no longer your familiar campus and schoolhouse, but you are a stranger. When you feel fresh and curious, you will feel nervous and uneasy. Secondly, when you come to a new school and a new class, you will see strange faces instead of accompanying your companions day and night. In the face of new groups, new teachers and new classmates, you need to re-establish "new groups" and rebuild your new interpersonal relationship system. Middle school students are immature in cognition, emotion and personality. They lack experience in communicating with others and adequate communication skills, which often leads to the intensification of the contradiction between their openness to communicate with others and their inner closeness, resulting in anxiety, irritability, depression and loneliness, so they miss their alma mater and relatives, making them feel depressed and depressed.
Example 1: A female student in Class One of Senior High School, from a remote and poor rural mountainous area, stepped into a strange school gate ... In the face of all this, it is inevitable to be timid. I really want to talk freely with my classmates, but compared with my classmates with good economic situation at home, I feel a little inferior. One day after class, she saw several classmates chatting together, so she leaned in and got up the courage to put a strong hometown accent in her mouth. Unexpectedly, as soon as she opened her mouth, the students burst into laughter, with obvious contempt and ridicule in the laughter. Her self-esteem was greatly hurt, and she made up her mind not to talk to them again. From then on, I concentrated on reading and studying, and surrounded myself in a narrow world with invisible fences. Loneliness and loss surround her, so I miss my hometown and my relatives, and my grades are naturally greatly affected. I once wanted to transfer to a middle school near my home. In view of this situation, the main measures are: 1, to overcome inferiority complex and become confident and strong. A confident and strong person will not be afraid of any comments from others. 2. Cultivate a broad mind and increase tolerance and patience. In view of the students' "teasing", in line with the attitude of "if there is something, change it, if there is nothing, encourage it", accept opinions with a broad mind and make yourself perfect as soon as possible. Pay attention to develop your hobbies and enrich your life. Pay attention to the topics that students are concerned about and boldly put forward their own opinions. After a period of adjustment and adaptation, the situation has been greatly improved.
In addition, when entering high school, the lifestyle suddenly changed from dependent family life to independent collective life. Most middle school students are only children, without proper life training, lacking independent life experience and self-care ability, and their parents' excessive concern and care at ordinary times have formed their strong dependence on "clothing to reach out and food to mouth". Therefore, in the face of a brand-new way of life, they often feel isolated and helpless, and they are often at a loss when they encounter some minor problems, which will affect their normal study and life.
Example 2: Li XX, male, aged 17, is a student in a class of Grade One Senior High School. After entering the school, I have performed well in all aspects of study discipline. The only headache for teachers and students is his personal affairs. In the dormitory, everything that belongs to his jurisdiction, whether it is tattooed hukou, quilts or clothes, shoes and socks, can be summarized as "dirty, messy and smelly", which seriously affects the beauty of the whole dormitory. To this end, his dormitory was repeatedly labeled as "yellow card" in the internal health appraisal of the school, and once it was photographed as a typical example of "dirty, chaotic and poor". After repeatedly persuading the warning to be invalid, the roommates couldn't bear it, and asked the class teacher to expel them by "giving up their membership". He is also deeply distressed and depressed. After understanding, I know that I have never done housework at home since I was a child. Everything in my daily life, big and small, is arranged by my mother. His only task is to study. Up to now, I have been in high school. Because I live on campus, I collect my dirty clothes every day and take them back to my mother for washing on weekends. In this regard, our teachers have to sigh the parents' "love for their children". If all kinds of psychological problems caused by the above phenomenon are not solved in time, schools, teachers and parents will put forward demands that exceed their psychological endurance too quickly, causing freshmen's emotional confusion, and it is difficult to settle down and concentrate on their studies. Because of the immaturity of physical and mental development, middle school students have not enough self-regulation ability. Therefore, it is particularly important to help them complete the transition from junior high school students to senior high school students as soon as possible.
1, be prepared. All kinds of phenomena and problems that will appear in the new environment, whether students or parents, should have enough understanding, pay attention to them ideologically, and be prepared psychologically before they can accept them in behavior. If you come prepared, your psychological endurance will be greatly increased.
2. Get familiar with the environment as soon as possible. After entering the school, freshmen should be organized to visit the campus and school buildings in time, introduce the history of the school, let them know more about all aspects of the school, increase their perceptual knowledge and eliminate their strangeness. In addition, a clean, tidy and elegant campus environment will make freshmen feel kind and comfortable.
3. Create a new group as soon as possible. Organize all kinds of collective activities in a planned and purposeful way, such as theme class meetings, literary evenings, sports meetings and various ball games with orientation as the main content, which not only creates a cordial and warm orientation atmosphere, but also provides more exchange opportunities, which is conducive to the exchange of ideas and feelings among freshmen, so that they can integrate into the new collective as soon as possible, rely on the strength of the collective, grow in the collective and improve in unity and mutual assistance.
4. Strengthen life guidance. In life, they are considerate and meticulous, and solve various practical problems in their lives in time. At the same time, according to the relevant regulations of the school, we should ask them to give specific guidance and special training to help them develop good living habits and improve their self-care ability. Your military training is an effective activity for you to exercise in all aspects.
Second, psychological problems and education to improve learning requirements
Example 3: Wang ××, female, 65,438+06, a senior one student in a key high school (school choice student). Her parents are government officials and she is an only child. Her family's financial situation is relatively good. Wang X has been smart and studious since he was a child, and his grades have always been among the best. He is the top student in the teacher's mind, the "apple of his parents' eye", quiet and docile. From elementary school to junior high school, learning is quite relaxed and confident. However, before the middle school entrance examination, I was not admitted to a key high school by 2 points because my cold affected my performance. I have been studying hard since I entered high school. After the first semester exam, I found that my grades were not satisfactory, and I only ranked 20 in my class. My parents and I are very anxious. We think that if we don't study hard enough, we will work harder, get up early and go to bed late, and often burn the midnight oil. But by the time of the final exam, our grades were not improved, but worse than the final exam. By the beginning of the second semester of senior one, Wang X had felt overwhelmed and exhausted. Because of too little exercise time and poor health, I often feel dizzy in class and it is difficult to concentrate. This week's English exam, which has always been the best subject, lit up a "red light" for the first time. Finally, I couldn't bear the blow, and I came to the counseling room with tears in my eyes and a face of injustice and confusion. "Teacher, I really don't understand why I study so hard, but my grades can't get up? Compared with junior high school, I have worked hard many times. Am I really more stupid than others? What should I do? "
This kind of situation similar to Wang X exists more in freshmen of senior high school. What is the reason? Many teachers, especially parents, are equally puzzled. It is hard for them to believe and understand that they are such excellent children in junior high school, but this will be the case in senior high school. There are many reasons, of course, the main reason is the inadaptability to high school study. Entering senior high school, great changes have taken place in the content, form and method of learning.
First of all, compared with junior high school curriculum, senior high school has the following characteristics: 1, theoretical enhancement. A lot of knowledge in junior high school only needs a preliminary understanding, only static research, emphasizing intuitive images, while high school needs to do essential, dynamic and quantitative research, which enhances abstraction and generality. 2. increase your knowledge. Each subject is not only more difficult, but also the "quantity" of knowledge content and the amount of information accepted per unit time have increased dramatically. 3. Overall promotion. In high school, we can't simply use one kind of knowledge and one kind of skill to solve the problems of any subject. Need to use a variety of knowledge, in reading, writing (expression), thinking, calculation, experiment and other aspects of the ability is better than junior high school. 4. System enhancement. Senior high school curriculum requires that basic concepts, principles and methods be linked with some basic theories to form a relatively complete knowledge system. Secondly, the form of learning has changed from teachers' teaching to teaching, students' learning to learning, and students' role has changed from passive to active, paying more attention to learning before class, thinking in class and reviewing and consolidating after class. However, freshmen who have just entered high school are not aware of these changes and still follow the learning methods of junior high school courses, so they often feel confused. In class, they seem to have understood, but when they start to do their homework, they don't feel very clear. Once the problem changes, I don't know where to start. He is very passive in his studies, so he is worried, panicked and anxious. Some students even blindly adopt fatigue tactics, and extend their study time and increase their study intensity by reducing cultural and sports activities, occupying recess time and even eating and sleeping time. However, despite their hard work, because they can't learn methods, their grades are often unsatisfactory, their self-confidence is greatly hit, they feel confused and confused, and then they doubt their ability level and have a strong sense of inferiority. Some students can't get proper rest and adjustment because of mental and physical fatigue and anxiety, and even have neurasthenia symptoms such as dizziness, tinnitus, memory loss and insomnia. Because the foundation of senior one is not firmly laid, it will directly affect the study of senior three in the next two years, resulting in a vicious circle. This phenomenon is more prominent for freshmen entering key high schools, which has a lot to do with their too smooth growth experience. Students who can enter key high schools have always had excellent grades. They have always been among the best in their original schools and classes and are the envy of their classmates. Their parents' pride attracted teachers' attention and love, and their ideals and ambitions were relatively high. They have always been confident. Because there are few setbacks, the psychological ability to resist setbacks is weaker than ordinary people. After entering high schools, especially key high schools, parents and teachers are full of beautiful expectations for their future, which in itself has caused them heavy psychological pressure. In addition, in key high schools, every student is the top student in the original middle school, which can be said to be "experts gather, strong hands are like a forest", and the learning competition is extremely fierce.
Everyone wants to be outstanding and ahead, but as usual, the greater the hope, the greater the disappointment. Faced with the contrast between such high expectations and their own learning state, their inner shock, mental blow and psychological pressure are heavier than ordinary people. For these problems, teachers and parents should not only give enough understanding, but also help them make adjustments in time. Otherwise, it will seriously affect their physical and mental health and their study life in the whole high school stage.
First of all, before the start of a new class, teachers should briefly introduce the structure, content and class arrangement of related disciplines, so that students can have a certain understanding of the characteristics and teaching requirements of the discipline. Let students really realize that the curriculum requirements of senior high school are different from those of junior high school, and the learning methods should be improved accordingly.
Secondly, strengthen the guidance of learning law. "The most valuable knowledge is the knowledge about methods", and a good method is the way and means to acquire knowledge from the treasure house. Through the introduction of teachers' methods and the exchange of experience between students, we can help them find practical learning methods and ways that suit them, improve their self-study ability, improve their learning efficiency, develop good study habits, and complete the role transformation as soon as possible.
Third, improve teaching methods and improve teaching level. Use all kinds of advanced teaching instruments and equipment, and use all kinds of teaching methods and means to create a relaxed and vivid teaching situation and stimulate students' interest in learning. At the same time, establish a good relationship between teachers and students, strengthen the ideological and emotional exchange between teachers and students, and find the best combination of "teaching" and "learning".
Fourth, carry out various forms of theme class meetings, seminars or individual exchanges and heart-to-heart talks to keep abreast of students' ideological trends, help them face up to the gap, find out the reasons, correctly understand and evaluate themselves, reposition themselves, face setbacks with a positive attitude, overcome setbacks, and improve their psychological endurance and self-adjustment ability.
Third, the psychological problems of adolescent development and education
Middle school students are in adolescence, and the physiological upheaval during this period makes some middle school students feel frightened. After entering the high school stage, the main physiological change is: 1, and the body suddenly grows taller. Height and weight increased rapidly. 2. The development of nervous system and the enhancement of visceral function. 3. Secondary sexual characteristics and the development and maturity of sexual organs. First of all, the drastic changes in their bodies make them very sensitive, uneasy and suspicious. At the same time, they pay more attention to their appearance and image. Due to the high expectation of "self-image", some physical characteristics such as height, chubby posture, physical defects and even black and white skin and "acne" on the face will cause them trouble, and they often feel afraid, shy and inferior to some defects they think.
Example 4: Senior One student Liang Xxx is an excellent student, but in front of slim girls and tall boys in the class, he feels very inferior-he is too short, only 1.62 meters, and he doesn't even want to walk side by side with his taller classmates. One day after class, he came to ask me some questions about my height.
Teacher, why am I so short? What factors are related to my height?
-A person's height is mainly related to heredity and nutrition besides exercise, sleep time and sunshine time.
-How can I increase my height?
It is difficult to change the congenital inheritance, but it can be made up by acquired efforts, such as actively participating in various sports and ensuring adequate sleep and nutrition.
In fact, a person's height is not directly related to success. The most important thing is his own inner temperament, that is, appearance and knowledge are more important than height. After listening to my answer, the worried expression on her face was much less. Secondly, with the development of the nervous system, the structure and function of the brain are basically complete, but the excitement process of nervous system activities exceeds the inhibition process. In addition, due to the rapid development of the body, the organs and systems are uncoordinated and unbalanced, and the mood is very unstable, often moving from one extreme to the other. One moment I was in high spirits, then I was cold, then I was confident, and then I became extremely inferior. Thirdly, for adolescent middle school students, it is a period of sexual physiological maturity and psychological maturity. Entering the high school stage, their sexual psychology has changed from the opposite sex alienation period to the opposite sex approach period. They are curious about the physiological changes of the opposite sex and uneasy about the emergence of their own sexual consciousness. Eager to communicate with the opposite sex, everyone wants to overcome the anxiety and shyness in communication and further explore the initiative to approach each other. The mutual attraction and affection between men and women mostly belong to the natural expression of hazy feelings between the opposite sex. They still don't understand the relationship between the two sexes, and they can't tell the difference between affection and first love. Therefore, it often causes psychological confusion and distress. At this time, their feelings are strong, they are easy to get out of control, and their contacts are extensive but not specific. This contradiction between sexual physiological maturity and psychological immaturity, and the conflict between sexual physiological needs and social norms constitute a series of mental health problems of middle school students. Improper handling of these problems will often lead to "puppy love", and it is also easy to induce various psychological diseases or psychological obstacles, which will directly affect their physical and mental development and career development. Example 5: 13 years old, a middle school student suddenly lost his relatives and became introverted and lonely. After entering high school, he secretly loved a female classmate in his class, so he wrote a love letter to her, and the female classmate gave the letter to the class teacher. The head teacher not only criticized him by name but also told his parents. Hearing this, his parents gave him a good scolding. Middle school students were extremely depressed, so they bought white wine while their families were unprepared and got as drunk as a fiddler. Fortunately, the doctor rescued him in time, and he was out of danger. However, in the later days, he often showed laziness and stubbornness, and his academic performance also dropped significantly. This is an example of puppy love failure. At this time, correct guidance is very important, which can make their physical development and psychological development reach a relatively balanced state. Therefore, after freshmen enter school, they should carry out targeted adolescent education. Educate students about physical health knowledge and sex, so that students can understand the normal physiological development process and reduce middle school students' curiosity or psychological confusion and panic about their physical and mental changes. Help them know how to control their self-esteem, respect each other and establish normal communication and friendship between boys and girls on the basis of social morality, so that they can have a good high school life smoothly.
A good beginning is half the battle. Senior one is the beginning and foundation of high school study and life, which is related to students' healthy physical and mental growth in high school for three years and their future career development. Therefore, it is very important to do a good job in adaptability education for freshmen. Judging from the various situations and psychological problems of freshmen after entering school, in addition to taking different educational countermeasures according to different situations, the following two measures should be taken.
1, carry out mental health education. Healthy psychology has a great influence on people's ideological and moral character, psychological level, physical health and even the formation of people's overall quality. Middle school students are in a critical period of all-round development in morality, intelligence and physical education, so they should be educated in mental health. We can help students understand some knowledge of psychological development, understand the characteristics of their own psychological development, master the methods of self-psychological adjustment, help students establish various psychological preparations and have the ability to solve various problems in life, improve their psychological quality and promote the healthy development of their psychology.
2 to carry out psychological counseling and individual counseling activities. Adolescent middle school students are experiencing rapid changes in all aspects of physical and mental development, facing the problems of adapting to the new learning environment and tasks, dealing with interpersonal relationships, and the heavy pressure from school, society and family. Some students will suffer from insomnia, forgetfulness, neurasthenia or interpersonal tension, exam anxiety and other psychological problems or obstacles. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out targeted psychological counseling, psychotherapy and behavior correction to maintain their healthy physical and mental growth and self-reliance.