1, Li Ming's pictophonetic characters. A child's voice came from the Woods. Original intention: Li Shu.
Same original meaning. Deciduous tree, with white flowers in spring, the fruit is called plum, which is yellow or purplish red when mature and can be eaten.
Lee, lee. -Xu Shen's Shuowen in the Eastern Han Dynasty
There are plums in Beishan. -"The Book of Songs Xiaoya Nanshan Tour Platform"
Another example: Li Xia went to Gua Tian (a place that is easy to arouse suspicion). Also refers to the fruits of plum trees, plum blossoms and plum gardens.
Hua Ru Tao Li —— What is the Book of Songs South Call?
Li (Li: Li Hua)
Return the favor to Li. -"The Book of Songs, Elegance and Regret"
(Li: Li Zi)
There is a plum in the mountain. -"The Book of Songs Feng Wang Hemp in the Mountain"
(Li: Li Yuan)
2. Prison officials. Pass on "reasons"
It's Li. -Pipeline method
3. star name. That is, arcturus II, the triangle star of Virgo.
4. Plum plants.
Alias: Shan Mei, Jia Qingzi, Jia Yingzi, Jade Emperor Li.
Classification: Rosaceae, Prunus.
5 surname: one of the hundred surnames, Li See surname.
Detailed word meaning
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1. A child's voice came from the Woods. Original intention: Li Shu)
2. The same original meaning. Deciduous tree, with white flowers in spring, the fruit is called plum, which is yellow or purplish red when mature and edible [plum]
Lee, lee. -"Shuo Wen"
There are plums in Beishan. -"Poetic Xiao Yanan Mountain has a platform"
3. Another example: Li Xia went to Gua Tian (a place that is easy to arouse suspicion). Also refers to the fruits of plum trees, plum blossoms and plum gardens.
Hua Ru Tao Li-"Poetry, calling South, what is it?"
4. (Li: Li Hua)
Return the favor to Li. -"Poetry is elegant and restrained"
5. (Li: Li Zi)
There is a plum in the mountain. -"Poetry Feng Wang Malishan"
6. (Li: Li Yuan)
7. Prison officials. Pass on "reason" [judgment; Justice]
It's Li. -The Pipe Law
8. Star names. That is, arcturus II, the triangle star of Virgo. Such as: Li Changgeng (the name of West Taibai Venus)
9. Last name. Such as Du Li (Li Bai and Du Fu); Li Tang (Li Tang Dynasty); Li (the child of the Li family). Last name); Li Wenjing (Li Ling, the word is too early, the prime minister and true Sect, Shi Wenjing); Li Bo (a native of Luoyang in the Tang Dynasty, who once wrote an article "Distinguishing Shi Zhongshan"); Li Mulian refused, but Li Mu was defeated one after another. Li Mu, the general of Zhao, defeated Qin Jun several times. In 229 BC, Wang Jian, the general of Qin State, attacked Zhao State, and Li Mu led the troops to resist. Zhao Wang was cheated by Qin and killed Li Mu. The following year, Wang Jian defeated Zhao and captured Wang Zhao.
Last name: Li
1, derived from the surname of Won and the surname of Yao.
It is an official name, which is derived from the surname Won and Yao, from the descendant of Li Zheng, from the descendant of Emperor Levin in Zhuan Xu after the Yellow Emperor, from the descendant of Yao in Shun Di, or from the founder of Taoism, Lao Zi Li Er. Zhuan Xu and his descendants said: One of Li's ancestors was Boyi, and Boyi was a descendant of Emperor Zhuan Xu. Now, Boyi was given the name of Won by Shun for helping Yu to control water and domesticate birds and animals. Li surname comes from Han surname and Yao surname. One of the ancestors of Li's surname: Yuan appeared because he gave his son-in-law Yuan's surname and married his daughter Yao. Shun Di, surnamed Yao, is a descendant of the Chinese people. He was born in Yaodi and took Yao as his surname. Later generations took Yao as their surname. Yao was the supervisor of Dali State, and his son Boyi was given the name of Won, while his son Sun San inherited the post of Dali State. According to the custom at that time, their descendants took Guan as their surname and called Li. There are two versions of Shi Li's change:
There is a saying that when Di Xin was in Shang Dynasty, Li Zheng, a descendant of Hao Tao, was an official in North Korea and was executed for offending Shang Zhouwang. When his wife Qihe fled with her son Li Zhen, she survived by eating plums. She dared not say Li, so she changed her surname to Li.
Another way of saying it is: According to historical records, there was no Li before the Zhou Dynasty. Because there is an old man named Li, his name is Er, and he is a descendant of Li Zhen, so Li is also called Li, because his ancestor is Li Guanren, and he has the same ancient sound as Li. Apparently, Li began to call himself by his surname in Li Er.
pre-Qin period
When the surname Li was formed, he lived in Lu Yi, Henan Province in the east of Henan Province, and Li Er in the Spring and Autumn Period was the first surname Li in the official history. Li Er was born in Qurenli (now Lu Yi), an ancient county of Chu in the Spring and Autumn Period. He was a historian in charge of book collection in the Zhou Dynasty. It is said that he was a thinker and founder of Taoism in the Spring and Autumn Period and the author of Laozi. Legend has it that he was born in Zhou Pingwang (early Spring and Autumn Period), and Confucius asked him for a gift at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, so he lived in his 65,438+060 s or 200 s because he practiced Buddhism for a long time. Laozi, also known as Tao Te Ching and Laozi's Five Thousand Books, is the main classic of Taoism. It uses Tao to explain the evolution of the universe, which contains some simple dialectical factors and has a great influence on the development of China's later philosophy. Later, both materialists and idealists absorbed Laozi's thoughts from different angles. According to the book of the New Tang Dynasty, Li came from the surname of Won. Zhuan Xu Levin Emperor's family gave birth to a great cause, which gave birth to a woman, Watson, a woman, in a strong word, Yao Dali. Be profitable, healthy, progressive, experience risks, summer and business, make the world Dali, and take the official as Li. In the end, Li Zheng was virtuous and was transferred to the Wu Bo wing. He was not allowed to go straight, so he offended and died. His wife Chen and his son Li Zhen fled to the market and ate all of them, so they changed their names to Li. Li er's descendants, whose real name is Zunzu, served as an official in Wei and was named as a doctor of dry wood in Duan. Li Tong, the son of Li Zong, was a general of Zhao, Sun Lidui was, and Li Ji, his great grandson, was Zhao's. Li Ji has two sons: Li Yun and Li Ke. Li Ke's son Li Hong is the king of Qin (in today's Gansu and Shaanxi), and his grandson Li Xing is the general of Qin. Li Xing's son Li Tan is a noble man. He was an official in Zhao State and was appointed as Bairen (now Tangshan, Hebei Province). Later, he entered the Qin dynasty and served as the suggestion. Li Tan has four sons: Chong, Bian, Zhao and Yuan. They and their descendants were divided into two branches because they were officials and settled in other places respectively: Li Chong, the eldest son, was appointed as the guardian of Longxi (now Lintao County, Gansu Province), and Gongzheng, the south, was appointed as the government of Longxi; The fourth son, Li Gui, was a teacher of Qin at the end of the Warring States Period. Gui Li's second son, Li Mu, was an official in Zhao State and settled in Zhao County (now southwest of Handan City, Hebei Province). Later, Longxi House was divided into 13 rooms, 39 rooms in the imperial clan of Tang Dynasty, and Zhaojun House was divided into six rooms in East, South, West, Liaodong, Jiangxia and Hanzhong.
After Li Er, Li's population gradually increased. Li, a prison official in the Spring and Autumn Period (whose capital is in the southeast of Yicheng, Shanxi Province), and Li Kui, a prison official in the Warring States Period (whose capital is in the northwest of Xiaxian County, Shanxi Province), are all Li people who moved to Shanxi in the early days. During the Warring States Period, Li Bing, appointed by King Zhao of Qin as the commander of Shu County (now Chengdu, Sichuan), was the first person named Li to move to Sichuan. Thomas lee, Li Er's grandson, went to Zhao (whose capital is now Handan, Hebei) to be an official, and was the first person surnamed Li to move to Hebei. Li Hong, the son of Li Ke, the grandson of Li Jue, went to the State of Qin (the capital is in the northeast of Xianyang, Shaanxi) as an official, and was the first person surnamed Li to move to Shaanxi. Li Tan, the grandson of Li Hong, served as an imperial adviser in the State of Qin. His eldest son, Li Chong, established Longxi House, and his fourth son, Li Gui, and his second son, Li Mu, established Zhaojun House, forming the two most important and basic tribes of the Li family.
Han and Three Kingdoms Period
During the Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms period, Li people opened up new settlements in many places. In the Western Han Dynasty, some people surnamed Li migrated to today's Shandong and Jiangxi, such as Li Ersheng, who stayed in Gaomi (now southwest of Gaomi County, Shandong Province) because he was an official in Jiaoxi. Li Shu, the first militarist who turned over a new leaf, was born in Zhang Yu (now Nanchang, Jiangxi). In the Eastern Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms period, more people named Li ran around and developed to the northeast of Liaoning. For example, Li Jiu, who led villages and towns to fight pirates in the Eastern Han Dynasty, was from Liaodong (now Liaoyang, Liaoning); To the northwest, to Ningxia. For example, Li Jue, a warlord in Liangzhou, was a native of the north (now Ningxia and Gansu) during the Three Kingdoms period at the end of the Han Dynasty. To the southeast, it has developed to Jiangsu. For example, in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Nan Li was a native of Jurong (now Jiangsu). South to Guangdong, Hunan and Hubei. For example, in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Li Jin, a cross-toed assassin, was a monk (now Guangdong), and in the Three Kingdoms, Wu Danyang was a conservative, and he was from Xiangyang (now Hubei). To the southwest, it has developed to Yunnan so far. For example, during the Three Kingdoms period, Li Hui was a native of Yuyuan Garden (in Chengjiang County, Yunnan Province).
During the Three Kingdoms period, Wei Wendi enacted the "Nine-grade Official Law", with Dazhongzheng in the state and Zhongzhongzheng in the county, which was in charge of human rights. Since then, the system of gentry in power has been formed. During the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Southern Dynasties, the family names of the gentry were arranged in a hierarchical manner. The most prominent family in northern Shandong (referring to the area east of Xiaoshan or Huashan) was called the county surname, and Wang, Cui, Lu, Li and Zheng were the first-class crown surnames. Because aristocratic families are generally composed of various factors, such as the prestige of ancestors, the wealth of generations, frequent heroes and celebrities, a family where men and women are familiar with the forms and manifestations of ethics, can speak and have articles. During the Sixteen Kingdoms period, two regimes named Li appeared successively-Dacheng State and Xiliang State.
Sui and Tang Dynasties
Tang Lili in Longxi, from the Western Wei Dynasty, the Northern Zhou Dynasty to the Sui Dynasty, has been a royal family for generations and has a prominent official position. By the end of Sui Dynasty, Li gained considerable strength both inside and outside the imperial court, which laid a solid foundation for Li's unprecedented development in Tang Dynasty. In addition, in this historical period, in addition to being distributed in the above-mentioned areas, there are also Li people in Inner Mongolia, Zhejiang, Anhui and other provinces who go down in history, but generally speaking, Li is still mainly developed in the north.
Entering Fujian with Chen and his son
At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, the court sent Chen Zheng as the general manager of Lingnan March, and led troops to Minnan to suppress "chaos". Later, his son Chen Yuanguang succeeded him and solved the situation. Li, a native of Gushi, went to Fujian to develop Zhangzhou with Chen and his son. He made outstanding achievements and stayed in the local area. His descendants are scattered in Longxi and Zhangpu counties.
Wu Zhou avoided disaster and fled south.
In 690, Wu Zetian abolished Li Dan, claiming to be the emperor of the holy spirit, and changed the name of Zhou to Wu Zhou in history. She appointed cruel officials and repeatedly went to prison, which implicated many imperial families and courtiers and killed them unjustly. In order to avoid disaster, some people surnamed Li fled Chang 'an and Luoyang and settled in the quiet south of the Yangtze River.
Avoid the "An Shi Rebellion" and move south.
In the winter of Tianbao 14th year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (755), I Pinglu, Fan Yang, An Lushan, the envoy of Hedong, and Shi Siming rebelled in the name of killing Yang, which lasted for eight years. This war has caused unprecedented havoc to the people of the Central Plains, and a large number of people were forced to flee to the south of the Yangtze River for refuge, including a group of people surnamed Li.
Li Guangbi moved to Jinling.
Li Guangbi, a general of the Tang Dynasty, was born in Qidan, Liucheng, Yingzhou. At the end of Tianbao, he was appointed as our envoy to Hedong. Together with Guo Ziyi, he put down the "Anshi Rebellion" and was named King of Linhuai County for his work. In 762, he left the town of Xuzhou, went to Huaiwang and moved to Jinling (now Nanjing, Jiangsu). Since then, his descendants have multiplied and formed the Li family in Jinling, and later spread to Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou.
Li Deyu demoted Cliff State to death.
The dispute between the clique headed by Niu Senru and Li Zongmin and the clique headed by Li Deyu lasted for nearly forty years, which is called "the dispute between Niu and Li". After Tang Wuzong acceded to the throne, Li Deyu was appointed Prime Minister, Li Zongmin was demoted to death, and monks and nuns were exiled. Arrived, the cattle faction gained momentum, and the Li faction was completely dissolved. Li Deyu, the leader of Li School, was demoted to the secretariat of Yazhou (southeast of qiongshan district, Haikou City, Hainan Province) and died in 850. Some of his descendants stayed in the local area and became the first Li family to move to Hainan.
The Wang brothers who joined Fujian
From the end of the Tang Dynasty to the Five Dynasties, due to the long-term turmoil in the Central Plains, Wang Chao and Wang led an uprising in Henan and eventually established Fujian. Some people surnamed Li from Henan entered Fujian with the Wang brothers, settled in Putian and Jinjiang, then branched to Ninghua, Shanghang and Shaowu, and then developed westward, distributed in some places in Guangdong and Guangxi.
Song dynasty
After the Tang Dynasty, due to various reasons, Li migrated more frequently and distributed more widely. Among them, there were a large number of immigrants when the "Jingkang Change" moved south in the Song Dynasty.
For example, people from Zengbo Li and Qinhuai (now Wuzhi, Henan) crossed the river with their families and then lived in Jiaxing (now Zhejiang). During Song Lizong's reign of Bao You, he was promoted to Jinshi, and later he got tired of being an official at sea. Li Fei moved from Kaifeng to Hengzhou (now Hengyang, Hunan), and Gong Di Deyou first knew Tanzhou; Kaifeng catering industry is famous for its chefs "Mutton Plum" and "Miscellaneous Vegetable Soup Plum". The former is famous for cooking mutton and various dishes. After moving south, they returned to their old jobs in Hangzhou.
Get a surname ancestor
Loretta Lee (65438 BC+0069-992 BC), formerly known as the ancestor of Li and Lao Er. After Zhuan Xu, the ancient emperor, appointed Hao Tao as the agent, whose name was Deling, and he was named Zhong Wubo. He was an official in Yin. Because of the mountain of law enforcement, he was killed against the will of the bad king Shang Zhouwang. The family is in danger of collateral damage. His wife, Qi, fled with her young son, Li Zhen, and came to the market. She was hungry and cold, and she only survived by picking fruits from trees on the roadside. Feeling the grace of Mei, he changed his surname to take refuge, so he changed his surname and moved to Longxi to settle down. Since then, Lee has continued from generation to generation and developed into the first surname in China.