The Summer Palace was originally the palace and garden of the Qing emperor.
Qingyi Garden consists of three mountains and five gardens (the three mountains refer to Wanshou Mountain, Xiangshan Mountain and Yuquan Mountain). In addition to Changchun Garden and Yuanmingyuan, there are three gardens nearby: Qingyi Garden, Jingyi Garden and Jingming Garden. The last garden was built in 1750 and completed in 1764, covering an area of 290 hectares, with the water surface accounting for about three quarters. Before Qianlong succeeded to the throne, four large royal gardens had been built in the western suburbs of Beijing. The four gardens from Haidian to Xiangshan are self-contained, lacking organic connection with each other, and the "Wengshanbo" in the middle has become an empty place. In the 15th year of Qianlong (1750), Emperor Qianlong spent 4.48 million taels of silver to honor his mother, Xiao Huanghou, and converted it into Qingyi Garden, connecting four gardens on both sides into a whole, forming a royal garden area 20 kilometers from Tsinghua campus to Xiangshan. In the tenth year of Xianfeng (1860), Qingyi Garden was burned by the British and French allied forces. In the 14th year of Guangxu (1888), Empress Dowager Cixi used silver (according to experts' research, it should be 5-6 million taels), which was rebuilt by Lei Tingchang, the seventh descendant of Style Lei, and renamed the Summer Palace as a summer resort. In the 26th year of Guangxu (1900), the Summer Palace was destroyed by Eight-Nation Alliance, and many treasures were looted. It was restored in the 29th year of Guangxu (1903). Later, during the period of warlord melee and Kuomintang rule, it was destroyed again. After 1949, the government continued to allocate funds for maintenance. 196 1 On March 4th, the Summer Palace was announced as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. 10 was included in the World Heritage List. On May 8, 2007, the Summer Palace was officially approved by the National Tourism Administration as a national 5A-level tourist attraction. In 2009, the Summer Palace was selected by world record association of China as the largest existing royal garden in China. The Summer Palace has many of the best in the world and the best in China. [ 1]
Legend editor
On the east bank of Kunming Lake in the Summer Palace, there are bronze cows in the town water, which are regarded as cowherd incarnations, while on the west bank, there are ploughing and weaving maps, which are regarded as weaver incarnations. They face each other across Kunming Lake, and the origin of these two landscapes is also due to the story of Cowherd and Weaver Girl. In the 15th year of Qing Qianlong (1750), when Qingyi Garden (the predecessor of the Summer Palace) was first built, Emperor Qianlong even compared himself to the jade emperor in the sky, aiming to build the imperial garden into a "paradise on earth". The Buddha Pavilion should be resplendent and magnificent, symbolizing the Lingxiao Hall in the Heavenly Palace, and the Kunming Lake should be wide, like the Tianhe River, in the lake (river). The bronze cow's body faces east and its head faces west, just opposite the Weaver Girl, more like Tianhe. There is a weaver girl in the sky and a cowherd (bronze cow) on the ground, far away from each other. 1860, the British and French allied forces burned down the "Three Mountains and Five Gardens", and the cultivated map in the Summer Palace was also destroyed, leaving only the stone tablet inscribed by Emperor Qianlong. After liberation, the farming and weaving map marked out the Great Wall of the Summer Palace and became a miscellaneous courtyard with mixed production and life. 1998 1998 was taken back by the Summer Palace at the end of 1998, and gradually restored to its original appearance, highlighting the meaning of "agriculture" and "weaving". The beautiful scenery here, like a fairyland, has been opened to the outside world. Although the Summer Palace has completely restored the landscape of Qingyi Garden, many of them have declined in quality. Due to the shortage of funds, many high-rise buildings have been forced to shorten and shrink. For example, Wenchang Pavilion Tower has been reduced from three floors to two floors, and Leshou Hall has been changed from double eaves to single eaves, but there are also heightened buildings, such as the Grand Theatre. Suzhou Street was burned down and never recovered. Because Cixi prefers Soviet-style color paintings, the color paintings of pavilions in many houses have also changed from Hexi color paintings to Soviet-style color paintings, which changed the original appearance of Qingyi Garden in detail.
1898, Emperor Guangxu met with Kang Youwei, a reformist thinker, in Renshou Hall of the Summer Palace and asked about political reform. After the failure of the Reform Movement of 1898, Guangxu was imprisoned in the Yulantang Garden for a long time. The Summer Palace is called the most luxurious prison by later generations. In the 26th year of Guangxu (A.D. 1900), the Summer Palace was looted by Eight-Nation Alliance again. The following year, after Cixi returned to Beijing from xi 'an, she rebuilt the garden with a huge sum of money. 1924, the Summer Palace was opened to the public.
The Summer Palace is a large-scale scenic spot, covering an area of 2.97 square kilometers (293 hectares). It is mainly composed of Wanshou Mountain and Kunming Lake, of which the water surface accounts for three quarters (about 220 hectares). The buildings in the park are centered on the Buddha Hall. There are more than 0/00 scenic buildings/kloc-,more than 20 courtyards, 3,555 ancient buildings, covering an area of more than 70,000 square meters, and more than 3,000 pavilions, terraces, buildings, pavilions and pavilions. Old and famous trees 1600. Among them, Buddha Pavilion, Promenade, Zhou Shi, Suzhou Street, Seventeen-hole Bridge, Humorous Garden, and Grand Stage have all become well-known representative buildings. The Summer Palace is a masterpiece of traditional gardening art, with Wanshou Mountain and Kunming Lake as the basic framework. The surrounding landscape environment is full of the grandeur and richness of the royal gardens in China, and it is also full of natural interest, which highly embodies the gardening principle of "although it is man-made, it is natural". The artificial landscapes such as pavilions, corridors, halls, temples and bridges in the Summer Palace are harmoniously and artistically integrated with natural landscapes and open lakes. The whole garden art is ingeniously conceived, which is a masterpiece of China's garden architecture art and plays an important role in the history of garden art at home and abroad.
The main scenic spots in the park are roughly divided into three areas: the political activity area represented by the solemn Renshou Hall, which is the main place for Cixi and Guangxu to engage in internal affairs, diplomacy and political activities in the late Qing Dynasty. The living quarters represented by courtyards such as Leshou Hall, Yulantang and Yiyuntang are the places where Cixi, Guangxu and Empress Dowager lived. A scenic spot consisting of Wanshou Mountain and Kunming Lake. It can also be divided into three parts: Wanshou Qianshan, Kunming Lake and Houshan Houhu. The vast area consisting of the promenade, the back hill and the western district is a garden tour area for emperors to relax and entertain. Qian Shan, with Foxiang Pavilion as the center, forms a huge main building complex. On the central axis of the southern foot of Wanshou Mountain, the resplendent buildings of Buddha Pavilion and Paiyun Temple start from Yunhui Yuyu archway on the lakeshore, pass through Paiyun Gate, Ergongmen, Paiyun Hall, Dehui Hall and Buddha Pavilion, and finally reach the wisdom sea at the top of the mountain. There are many corridors, and the halls are complex, rising layer by layer and running through the green houses, with great momentum. The towering Buddha Pavilion has eight sides and three floors, facing the mountain and the lake, overlooking the whole garden. The rippling Kunming Lake is laid flat at the southern foot of Wanshou Mountain, accounting for about 3/4 of the whole park area. In Kunming Lake, the magnificent 17-hole bridge, such as Changhong Crescent Moon, is reflected on the water. There is a South Lake Island in the lake, and the 17-hole bridge is connected with the shore. The winding west dike is like a green ribbon, spanning Tianhan from north to south. There are six bridges on the dike, which are slim and graceful and have different shapes. The three islands, Han Xu Hall, Jian Zao Hall and Zhijing Pavilion, stand tall, symbolizing the "fairy mountain on the sea" in myths and legends. I looked at the picture of Nongzhi, which was soft and picturesque. Emperor Qianlong once saw the living paintings of farming and weaving here, which was very interesting in the countryside. Suzhou Street, which is connected with a thousand lakes and a river, is full of wine, breezy and bustling with shops, as if it were in the Royal Shopping Street more than 200 years ago, and the humorous garden is full of fun. There are famous Zhou Shi, lifelike bronze bull, Zhichun Pavilion and other scenic buildings on the bank of Kunming Lake, which are very good. After the mountains and lakes, the clear water flows back, and Gu Song is majestic and the environment is quiet. Editor of Yuanmingyuan (imperial garden in Qing Dynasty)? 【yuán míng yuán】？ Yuanmingyuan is located in the western suburbs of Beijing, adjacent to the Summer Palace. It consists of Yuanmingyuan Garden, Changchun Garden and Qichun Garden, so it is also called Yuanming Three Gardens. In addition, there are many small gardens, which are distributed in the east, west and south of Yuanmingyuan. The stars are arched around Yuanmingyuan. [1] Yuanmingyuan is one of the famous royal gardens in the Qing Dynasty, covering an area of more than 5,200 mu, 150 scenic spots. The building area is 1.6 million square meters, which is known as "the garden of ten thousand gardens". [2] Every summer, the imperial capital of Qing Dynasty comes here to escape the heat, listen to politics and deal with military affairs, so it is also called "Summer Palace". Yuanmingyuan was built in 1708 (the 46th year of Kangxi), and was originally given by Emperor Kangxi to Yin Zhen, the fourth son of Kangxi. After Yongzheng 1723 acceded to the throne, the original garden was expanded, and Zheng Da Guangming Hall, Qin Zhengtang and the value rooms of the Cabinet, Sixth Department and Military Department were built in the south of the garden to "avoid noise and listen to politics". During the Qianlong period, in addition to the local reconstruction of Yuanmingyuan, Changchun Garden was built in the east and merged into Wanchun Garden in the southeast. [3] The pattern of Yuanming Three Gardens has basically taken shape. Jiaqing Dynasty mainly renovated and expanded Qichun Garden, making it one of the main garden places. During the Daoguang period, state affairs declined and financial resources were insufficient. However, I would rather withdraw the furnishings of Wanshou, Xiangshan and Yuquan, stop the summer vacation in Jehol and Mulan hunting, and still do not give up the reconstruction and decoration of Yuanming Three Gardens. 1860, the British and French allied forces looted the Yuanmingyuan, and the cultural relics were looted. When Emperor Tongzhi tried to repair Yuanmingyuan, he was forced to stop and rebuild other buildings due to financial difficulties. After Eight-Nation Alliance, it was destroyed by bureaucratic warlords and eventually turned into ruins. [4] Yuanmingyuan has inherited the excellent gardening tradition of China for more than 3,000 years. Both the elegance of court architecture and the euphemism of Jiangnan gardens. At the same time, it absorbs the essence of European gardens and blends different styles of garden buildings. It was praised as "a model of ideal and art" by French writer victor hugo. [1][5-6] Edited by Beihai (a prefecture-level city under the jurisdiction of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region)? [běI hüI]？ Beihai, the only coastal open city in the west of China, is also the only city in the west of China with deep-water seaport, all-weather airport, high-speed rail and expressway at the same time. It is the most convenient seaport connecting South China Economic Circle, Southwest Economic Circle and ASEAN Economic Circle in the southwest of China, and is at the junction center of Pan-Beibu Gulf Economic Cooperation Zone. Tanbei high-speed railway connects Beihai with Guangzhou, Chengdu, Chongqing and other important cities. Beihai has a long history and profound cultural heritage. It is an important starting port of the ancient Maritime Silk Road and a national historical and cultural city. The quality of drinking water in Beihai is the national first-class standard, and the fresh air is the best in the country, ranking among the best in the country. Beihai has Yintan National Tourism Resort, one of the five most beautiful resorts in China, and Weizhou Island, the youngest volcanic island in China. It is one of the most livable cities in China (namely Zhuhai, Beihai, Weihai and Xiamen). Beihai City faces rich marine resources in Beibu Gulf, which is one of the "four major fishing grounds" in China.