(Science and Technology Division, Science and Technology Department, Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources, Beijing 1008 12)
Geoscience information system is the foundation of geoscience modernization and an important part of national information infrastructure. The development of the geoscience information system of the Ministry of Geology and Minerals began in the late 1970s. After nearly 20 years' efforts, a number of geoscience databases have been established, and the solid mineral exploration and evaluation automation system KPX and the color geoscience map editing and publishing system MAPCAD have been independently developed. These two systems have been widely used in China. MAPCAD makes the whole process of color geoscience map from data acquisition, editing and modification, proofing, color separation to film making computerized on microcomputer, which fundamentally changes the traditional working mode. At the same time, the basic geographic information system software MAPGIS based on tools is developed by ourselves. At present, a number of MAPGIS application research projects are being implemented, involving mineral resources evaluation, water resources investigation, geological disaster evaluation, regional geological survey, land use evaluation, comprehensive pipe network and so on.
This paper includes two parts: the first part expounds the present situation and characteristics of geoscience information system, and the second part discusses the future development of geoscience information system.
Geographic information system; Database; Computer aided drawing; Digital mapping; geographical information system (GIS)
The present situation and characteristics of 1
1. 1 has established a number of geoscience databases and information systems.
The construction of the information system of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources began in the late 1970s. 1979, Beijing Computing Center undertook the development of1:200,000 geochemical database. After nearly 20 years' efforts, more than 100 geoscience databases have been established in the fields of geology, geophysics, geochemistry, mineral resources evaluation, geological environment, mineral exploration and development management, etc. Mainly includes: national mineral reserves database NMRD, national geochemical database NGCHRD, national gravity and elevation database NGED, national aeromagnetic database ARMD, prospecting information system MAGAD, national stratigraphic database STRL, petroleum geology and borehole database PGDH, national geological database management system NGLMS, 1∶500000 simplified geographic map library FGGI, basic geoscience software library FGSL of Ministry of Geology and Minerals, and geoscience database dictionary GDBD. The main parameters of these databases are shown in table 1.
Table 1 main geoscience databases
1.2 KPX, an automated system for exploration and evaluation of solid minerals, has achieved phased results.
In order to change the traditional manual exploration and evaluation mode of solid minerals, the Ministry of Geology and Minerals, with the assistance of the United Nations Development Programme, established an automatic exploration and evaluation system KPX for solid minerals in 1989. The system includes five subsystems: field drilling logging data acquisition, data management, ore body delineation, reserve calculation and exploration map drawing. Its main functions are as follows:
—— Formulated a standardized data dictionary and data collection format for mineral exploration and evaluation;
-The system can automatically generate legend patterns;
—— Drawing the histogram of complex borehole;
—— Traditional and geostatistical methods supporting mineral resources evaluation: block method, profile method and kriging method;
-The system runs on a PC platform.
The system has been widely used in more than 30 provincial bureau projects in China, which greatly improves the work efficiency.
1.3 computer-aided color geoscience map editing and publishing system MAPCAD is fundamentally changing the traditional working mode.
Map is the main manifestation of geological work and an important means to serve social and economic development, which has a special position and role in the field of geosciences. Using the traditional manual method, publishing a color map with moderate complexity requires more than a dozen processes, which takes 1 year or even longer. This situation is difficult to meet the needs of various fields of national economic development for the current geoscience map.
MAPCAD is a large-scale application software with independent copyright and 350,000 lines of sentences. 1993 was successfully developed by China Geo University (Wuhan). For the first time, the system has realized the computerization of the whole process of color geological map from input, editing, information processing, proofreading, color separation, screen hanging to output plate-making film on ordinary microcomputer, and can output all kinds of geological maps, including the most complicated color geological maps, meeting the accuracy and quality of public publication. This is the first and only electronic publishing system of color geoscience map widely used in the market in China. 1September, 1994, the first complex color printing map-1:3.5 million Yunnan geological map passed the acceptance test as a test map. Experts from geology, cartography, cartography, map publishing, computer cartography and other fields all agree that MAPCAD can fully meet the publishing requirements of color geoscience maps in terms of color, accuracy and detail expression ability.
Functions and characteristics of (1)MAPCAD
-Based on Windows, developed in c++ language, user interface is friendly and easy to use;
-It has main input means such as scanner input and digitizer input, can accept data from databases such as DBASE and Foxbase, and has complete error and correction methods;
—— It has intuitive and practical attribute dynamic definition editing function and attribute management ability of multimedia data and various data structures;
—— The map database management system has powerful map splicing, management, display, roaming and flexible and convenient cross-map retrieval capabilities, and can manage thousands of maps at most;
-Using the structure of vector data and raster data, the information of the two data structures can be effectively and conveniently converted and accurately nested;
-It has the spatial analysis function with complete functions and excellent performance, as well as the ability of topological space query and three-dimensional entity superposition analysis;
-Provide a development function library, which can facilitate secondary development;
—— It has complete peripheral driving capability and PostScript interface of international standard page description language, which can output maps that meet the requirements of map publishing quality, and has customizable flexible report output function.
(2) The popularization and application of 2)MAPCAD has achieved great success.
The practice of digital mapping proves the great superiority of the new technology over the traditional manual method:
—— Reduce the publishing process of color geoscience maps from 12 to five;
-Greatly improve the generation rate: for new maps, it is 3 ~ 5 times faster than traditional methods, and for revised maps, it is 10 ~ 20 times faster;
Cost reduction: an average reduction of one third;
-Data sharing: Digital data can be reused.
Now, the application of this system is more and more extensive. Since the release of 1993, more than 700 sets of this system have been installed in various regions of China (except Tibet and Taiwan Province Province) and exported to North Korea. It covers more than 20 application fields, including not only geology and mineral resources, petroleum, coal and other geoscience fields, but also transportation, railway, urban planning and management, disasters and environment, tourism and other fields. Thousands of color geoscience maps have been generated by using this system. Including the first batch of national atlases produced by digital mapping technology, such as land use atlases of Ganjingzi District of Dalian, soil atlases of Hebei Province, national expressway Atlas, and marine regional geological and geophysical atlases of China. 1:120,000 China Geophysical Atlas and China Mineral Atlas have been completed. Geological Atlas of China is being made.
The geological profiles of Altai-Taiwan Province Province and Guangzhou-Balawen, which were produced for the international lithosphere global geological profile project, were well received by experts at home and abroad at international conferences.
Completed the National Land Use Master Plan, the Desertification Degree Map of China Section of Eurasia Continental Bridge, the National Surface Water Resources Distribution Map and other national major project achievement maps; Made1:500,000 "Wave Structure Map of China", "Metallogenic Geological Map of Non-metallic Deposits in China" and "Hydrogeological Map of Asia (6 format)" for the 30th International Geological Congress. Among them, the largest format is 9 super-open1:5 million Eurasian geological maps.
The application of this system has greatly promoted the technical progress of color map editing and publishing. Mainly in the following aspects.
-In the traditional surveying and mapping work mode, the sudden surveying and mapping tasks are completed at an unimaginable high speed. Table 2 is a few typical examples.
Table 2 In the sudden drawing task, it has created a high speed unimaginable in the traditional way.
-A major breakthrough has been made in changing the traditional publishing method of color geoscience maps. Digital mapping technology has been widely used in geological mapping, especially in the production of 1:50000 regional geological survey map. Regional geological survey is a long-term strategic basic geological work in China, and regional geological map is the main embodiment of the work results. There are hundreds of maps to be published. After research and experiment, the competent department has decided to adopt MAPCAD, studied the technological process of adopting digital technology, and established a library of legends, patterns, lines, symbols and color codes. At present, at least 100 digital geological map has been made.
The application of new technology has led to the formation of new industries. By the end of July, 1996, more than 50 companies had made various digital maps using MAPCAD.
1.4 the development and application prospect of geographic information system is gratifying.
As we all know, geographic information system is a powerful tool for experts in the field of earth science. Using GIS, experts can effectively integrate, manage and analyze multi-source geological information such as geology, geophysics, geochemistry and remote sensing, and solve various geological problems.
The practice of GIS development and application at home and abroad makes us clearly realize the unique views of GIS on changing the traditional geoscience work mode and its great application prospect. At the beginning of 1989, at the seminar on graphic technology development and application held by the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources in Wuhan, the experts of graphic technology development and application in the Ministry unanimously agreed to develop GIS with independent copyright. 1In June, 1995, the tool-based GIS software MAPGIS was successfully developed. Its main features are as follows:
-Based on Windows, developed in c++ language, user interface is friendly and easy to use;
-It has main input means such as scanner input and digitizer input, can accept data from databases such as DBASE and Foxbase, and has complete error and correction methods;
—— It has intuitive and practical attribute dynamic definition editing function and attribute management ability of multimedia data and various data structures;
—— The map database management system has powerful map splicing, management, display, roaming and flexible and convenient cross-map retrieval capabilities, and can manage thousands of maps at most;
-Using the structure of vector data and raster data, the information of the two data structures can be effectively and conveniently converted and accurately nested;
-It has the spatial analysis function with complete functions and excellent performance, as well as the ability of topological space query and three-dimensional entity superposition analysis;
-Provide a development function library, which can facilitate secondary development;
—— Provide interfaces with ARC/INFO and INTERGRAPH;
-With customized and flexible report output function;
—— It has complete peripheral driving capability and PostScript interface of international standard page description language, and can output maps that meet the requirements of map publishing quality.
Its initial application proves the huge market potential of the system to some extent.
During the Ninth Five-Year Plan period, the geoscience information system will develop greatly.
2. 1 demand
In the upsurge of global informatization, under the situation of accelerating the pace of national economic informatization in China, new demands are put forward for the development of geoscience information system.
-1995 the national conference on geology and mineral resources decided to implement the informatization project of geology and mineral resources during the ninth five-year plan period. The goal of this project is to basically realize the informationization of the main flow of geological and mineral work by 2000. Basically popularize electronic information technology in geological exploration, geological mineral management and geological data management, build a number of backbone information systems, widely apply and focus on developing a number of computer-aided tools, cultivate a new geological and mineral work team familiar with electronic information technology, and push the working methods, management means and quality of achievements of geological and mineral work to the advanced level in the world. Promote the industrialization of technological achievements with technological advantages and market prospects.
-Regional geological survey is a long-term strategic basic geological work of a country. By the end of the national1:50,000 regional geological survey,1:50,000 maps, covering an area of 1.4 million km2, have been completed, covering only 1.4% of the national area. During the Ninth Five-Year Plan period, there will be more than 800 surveying and mapping tasks.
—— In order to rationally develop and utilize groundwater resources and reduce geological disasters, the Ministry of Geology and Minerals has launched two projects, one is to conduct a survey on the development and utilization of 1:65438+ 10,000 groundwater resources in 600 counties across the country, and the other is to conduct a survey on1.5,000 geological disasters in 17 provinces.
—— The National Geological Archives keeps important geological data of China since this century, including 85,000 geological reports of various types, which are piled up in six floors and bent for 7,000 meters. Some materials are seriously damaged due to long time or paper quality problems. So far, the cost of repairing these reports is close to 20 million yuan. Using optical disk storage technology is a reasonable and feasible method to solve this problem.
2.2 Major development projects
(1) Computer Aided1:50,000 Regional Geological Mapping System
Computer-aided1:The goal of the 50,000 regional geological mapping system project is to develop an application system based on 3s technology and establish the corresponding workflow, so as to realize the computerization of the whole process of this basic geological work from field data collection, indoor data management, information comprehensive processing and color geological map output. The project has been implemented.
(2) Computer-aided 1:65438+ 10,000 water resources survey and1:500,000 geological disaster survey system.
The purpose of this project is to provide computer-aided data collection, management, analysis and evaluation tools for these two surveys, and to establish corresponding information systems.
(3) Computer-aided mineral resources evaluation system
Evaluation of mineral resources is a basic task of geological and mineral work. The goal of this project is to develop an assistant decision-making system which is oriented to prospecting experts and can be popularized and applied in practice, based on the tool-based geographic information system, combined with the theoretical method of solid mineral resources evaluation and using the powerful spatial data management and analysis function of GIS.
(4) mineral exploration and development management system
The management of mineral exploration and development is another basic function of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources. In order to strengthen the management of mineral resources exploration and promote the scientific management of geological exploration and development, the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources decided to implement block management in basic geological survey, engineering geological survey, environmental geological survey and mineral resources exploration management, and in June 1995, the method of block division and numbering was stipulated. This project is a computer-aided tool for this management work. It has the functions of block registration, statistical summary and spatial query, and can realize the computerization of geological and mineral exploration management.
(5) Geological data CD storage system
At present, the standards and management software for digitalization of geological reports are being studied and the specific technical route is being tested.
(6) Multimedia-aided teaching system
Due to the complexity of geoscience research objects, although the degree of quantitative research in this field is constantly improving, most fields are still dominated by qualitative analysis. Intuition is very important for expressing the research process and results. This determines that multimedia technology will make great achievements in the field of geosciences. As early as the early 1990s, the US Geological Survey began to display its achievements with multimedia technology. These two projects are multimedia teaching system of gemology and multimedia teaching system of petroleum geology and reservoir engineering.
2.3 the key to achieve the above objectives
(1) technology: GIS, GPS, RS, field data acquisition technology, multimedia technology, etc.
(2) standardization;
(3) application development;
(4) training;
(5) Coordination and management.