The "Yue" in the Five Mountains means lofty mountain. In ancient China, high mountains were regarded as "the highest in the sky", and five high mountains located in the east, south, west, north and middle of the Central Plains were designated as "Five Mountains".
During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Buddhism and Taoism began to build Buddhist temples and Taoist temples in wuyue for religious activities, and each "Yue" honored a "Yue God" (or "Emperor" or "God King") as the highest god in charge of Yue. The natural scenery of these mountains has also been gradually developed for worshippers to visit. As a result, Wuyue Mountain has become a scenic spot in China with the beauty of natural landscape of mountains and rivers and the victory of Buddhist and Taoist cultural landscape. Before the Tang and Song Dynasties, the five mountains were generally Buddhism and Taoism, and temples and views coexisted. After the Song Dynasty, Buddhism and Taoism competed with each other according to their respective political backgrounds and social forces. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Nanyue, Beiyue and Zhongyue still maintained the status of respecting Buddha and Taoism, while Dongyue and Xiyue were dominated by Taoist forces and became the centers of Taoism in China.
The Five Mountains are the product of the combination of the worship of ancient mountain gods, the concept of five elements and the hunting meditation of emperors, which were later inherited by Taoism and regarded as famous Taoist mountains. They are:
Mount Tai (1532.7m) is located in Taian City, Shandong Province.
Xiyue Huashan (2 154.9m) is located in huayin city, Shaanxi.
Hengshan Mountain in Nanyue (1300.2m) is located in Hengyang City, Hunan Province.
Mount Hengshan (20 16. 1 m) is located in hun yuan.
Zhongyue Songshan (149 1.7m) is located in Dengfeng City, Henan Province.
Mount Tai in Dongyue is the first of the five mountains, worthy of the name. In China, 72 emperors once went to Mount Tai to meditate.
Mount Tai is the hero of Dongyue, the danger of Huashan Mountain in Xiyue, the beauty of Hengshan Mountain in Nanyue, the seclusion of Hengshan Mountain in Beiyue and the preciseness of Songshan Mountain in Zhongyue. Mount Tai sits, Mount Huashan stands, Mount Hengshan flies, Mount Hengshan walks, and Mount Songshan lies. It has long been famous in the world.
Mount Tai, Dongyue, the first of the five mountains, is located in Tai 'an City, central Shandong Province, with a length of about 200 kilometers, and the main peak, Yuhuangding, is 1.524 meters high. The mountain peaks are tall and straight, magnificent, and have the momentum of "climbing Mount Tai to make the world small".
A long history
Ancient feudal emperors regarded the five mountains as symbols of God.
"Yue" was originally the official title in charge of Dashan before the Spring and Autumn Period, and the tribal leader in charge of foreign affairs in Sifang in the Yao Dynasty was called "Yue". Later, the officials in charge of Fang Yue and the names of the mountains where the officials were stationed were unified, and the "Four Mountains" representing mountains in all directions appeared.
According to the Taoist model "Cave in Heaven", "The Yellow Emperor painted wild states and sealed five mountains." The Yellow Emperor was 5,000 years ago, and its territory did not leave the Yellow River Basin. There is no official history to check whether the Yellow Emperor sealed Yue, but there is no doubt that there were four Yue countries during the Tang Yu period.
Although there were many changes in Kyoto at that time, it was not within the scope of Shanxi, Shaanxi and Henan provinces, and the four mountains it sealed were all in the Yellow River basin.
The theory of "five elements" came into being in the Spring and Autumn Period and was quite popular in the Warring States Period. Due to the vigorous promotion of Zou Yan and others, the theory of "Five Virtues from the beginning to the end" is more and more deeply rooted in people's hearts. The theory of "Five Mountains" came into being, so "Poetry Talk" once said: "There were four mountains in Tangyu, and there were five mountains in the early Zhou Dynasty."
The name of China Yueshan first appeared in Shangshu.
There are four mountains in history books, east, west, north and south, but there are no five mountains. Only the Daizong of Dongyue is the name of April Mountain in the scriptures. "Zhou Li's great music thoughts" began in the five mountains, not the mountains.
Later, Sima Qian summed up the evolution process from the Five Emperors to the Qin Dynasty in Historical Records: "Because the capital of Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties is between the Yellow River and Luoshui, Songshan is Zhongyue, and the other four mountains follow their own directions, and all four are in Shandong. When Qin proclaimed himself the capital of Xianyang, wuyue and Si were both in the East. From the Five Emperors to the Qin Dynasty, famous mountains and rivers were either princes or emperors, and they were invincible. After the Qin Dynasty was incorporated into the world, it was clear that there were five famous mountains east of Lushan Mountain in Henan Province, namely Songshan Mountain, Hengshan Mountain, Taishan Mountain, Huiji Mountain and Xiangshan Mountain. Dachuan II, namely Jishui and Huaihe River. "
To sum up, before the Han dynasty, the system of five mountains varied according to the situation. After Wang Dong moved to Luoyi, Songshan became Zhongyue and Huashan became Xiyue. Only Mount Taishan in Dongyue and Mount Hengshan in Beiyue have remained unchanged since ancient times. It was not until Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty that the system of Five Mountains was formally established, and Tianzhu Mountain was named Nanyue. According to the Records of Sacrifice to the Suburbs in the History of Han Dynasty, the imperial edict of the first year of Emperor Xuan Di (6 1 year BC) determined that Mount Tai was the Dongyue, Huashan was the Xiyue, Huoshan (that is, Tianzhu Mountain) was the Nanyue, Hengshan was the Beiyue and Songshan was the Zhongyue. After the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty declared Hengshan Mountain on the Xiangjiang River in Hunan as Nanyue Mountain and abolished Huoshan Mountain as a famous mountain in the ninth year (AD 589). During the Han, Tang and Song Dynasties, Hengshan Mountain in Beiyue was worshipped in Quyang, Yang Shan. To the Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, Beijing is the capital, and Quyang Mountain is in the south of the capital, which is inconsistent with the name of Beiyue. Tianfengling, the main peak of Mount Hengshan, is located in hun yuan, just north of Beijing. Therefore, Hunyuan was called Beiyue in the Ming Dynasty, but because of the long journey, the sacrifice was still in Quyang. It was not until the 18th year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty (A.D. 166 1) that Beiyue was recruited to Hunyuan at the suggestion of courtiers.
Dongyue Taishan
Since the establishment of "Five Mountains" in the Han Dynasty, Mount Tai has always been in the position of "Five Mountains alone".
Mount Tai was called "Daishan" in ancient times, also known as "Daizong", and it was called "Mount Tai" in the Spring and Autumn Period. "Yue Zun is the crown of the mountain, and Yue is the crown of the East". Since the establishment of "Five Mountains" in the Han Dynasty, Mount Tai has always been in the position of "Five Mountains alone". Feudal emperors of past dynasties in China held a grand retreat ceremony here, and literati lingered here to watch. When you go to Mount Tai, you can enjoy not only exquisite historical and cultural products, but also the magical beauty of nature. Mount Tai, which stands on the land of North China Plain, is abrupt and majestic, and has the trend of "holding the sun above the sky". It is usually regarded as a lofty and great symbol and has become the pride of the Chinese nation.
Mount Tai is located in the middle of Shandong Province. Mount Tai extends from the east bank of Dongping Lake to the northeast to the south of Zibo and connects with Lushan Mountain. Its main peak is all in Tai 'an, and the peripheral low mountains extend to Licheng, Changqing, Feicheng and Jinan, with a total area of 426 square kilometers. People usually refer to the main peak of Mount Tai in Tai 'an and its adjacent mountains as "Mount Tai", while the low hills around Mount Tai are always referred to as "Mount Tai", which is an important part of the Luzhong Mountains. According to the classification of geological structure, Mount Tai belongs to "fault block mountain", which was formed by the uplift of Mesozoic crustal faults. From Tianmen to the south of Hongmen Palace, Mount Tai rises from the ground, with a horizontal distance of only 5,000m and a vertical rise of over1.300m.. In the meantime, three obvious steps were formed, one in Tianmen, one in Zhongtianmen and one in Nantianmen. Mount Tai is one of the standard areas where ancient metamorphic rock series are exposed in China. Its ancient rock series includes the mixed metamorphic sedimentary rocks of Taishan Group, as well as various genetic types of granitoids, basic intrusive rocks and dikes, which are collectively called "Taishan Complex". Taishan complex is an Archean ancient rock. According to isotopic determination, the age of Taishan Group is more than 2.5 billion years, and the age of the complex is between 2.2 billion years and1700 million years.
The elevation of the main peak of Mount Tai1545m. Known as "Jade Emperor's Peak", also known as "Tianzhu Peak", with a relative height of 139 1 m, it is the highest peak in the eastern coastal area of China. It is towering and steep, and is known as "Mount Tai is the best in the world".
There are five major tourist areas in Mount Tai, namely, the beautiful area at the foot of the mountain, the wonderful area at the top of the mountain, the secluded area of Dengshan East Road, the open area of West Road and the Olympic area behind the mountain.
Dai Temple, located at the foot of Mount Tai, is the main temple of Mount Tai. It has been established for a long time, and it is recorded that "Thailand is a temple" and "Han also rises to the palace". After the expansion and reconstruction of Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, a large-scale ancient architectural complex was formed. In terms of scale design, Dai Temple is modeled after the ancient imperial palace, which is magnificent. Tianguan Temple is the main building of Dai Temple, and it is also called the three palace-style buildings in China, together with Taihe Hall in the Forbidden City and Dacheng Hall in Qufu Confucius Temple. Seventy-two emperors of all dynasties in China held grand ceremonies here and were crowned as "the God of Mount Tai in Dongyue". Up to now, there is still a huge mural in the temple, "The Picture of Mount Tai's Miracle Returning to Funeral", which vividly depicts the scene of Dongyue Emperor's patrol returning to funeral. Its grand scenes and lifelike characters are rare artistic treasures. In Dai Temple, there are many ancient stone carvings and calligraphy relics, the most precious of which is Qin Lisi's seal script "The Carving of Mount Tai", which was written in 209 BC and only has the word 10.
At the beginning of the eighth set, the hanging ladder stood upright, which was daunting. There is a local saying: "When it comes to eighteen dishes, tourists are cold."
Standing at the head of the 18th plate is the Nantianmen, which is the first scene of Daiding. Li Baiyou, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, said: "A long whistle in Tianmen is a breeze in Wan Li." Looking back, the "ladder" hangs high, the clouds surge, and the cool wind slowly. Tourists seem to feel that they are drifting and entering the "heaven". Daiding has magnificent scenery, including Bi Xia Temple, Tang Cliff Stone Carving, Jade Emperor Temple, Sun Guanfeng, Zhan Lu Terrace, Sea Exploration Stone, Yueguanfeng and so on. Climbing to the top of Mount Tai, you can enjoy four wonders: the rising sun, the sunset glow, the golden belt of the Yellow River and the jade plate of the sea of clouds. Confucius visited Mount Tai and was known as "Climbing Mount Tai and Being Small in the World". The famous poem "Climb to the top, and you will see that other mountains are dwarfed under the sky." The works of Du Fu, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty in China, are even more popular.
In Daiyin, north of Daiding, there are secluded paths and clear streams, a grotesque back stone dock, and a towering and wonderful day candle peak, especially the "stone dock relaxing waves". It is quiet and quiet here, and is known as the "Olympic Zone" of Mount Tai.
Black Dragon Pool is an important scenic spot in the west of Mount Tai. Three waterfalls flew down, and the waterfall was named Longtan Waterfall. Changshou Bridge on the pool is like Changhong crossing Xixi, with hundreds of feet of rocks hanging under the bridge. The stream is swift, like pouring thousands of beads, splashing like rain and fog, and the sound of water is like drums and bells ringing. During the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, Mao Shu Yun, the magistrate of Tai 'an, wrote a couplet: "It rains at nine o'clock in Yue Long, Yun Teng and thousands of feet."