Folk songs, folk songs and folk songs have been sung since ancient times in the area of Bashan Mountain in Qinling Mountains, Hanzhong, southern Shaanxi, which are rich in content, diverse in forms and lively. Or a solo, or two duets. There are Tongshan songs (also known as Maoshan songs, Cowherd songs and sister songs), folk songs, minor songs, labor songs, ceremony songs (wedding songs, wedding songs, birthday celebration songs, toast songs, boxing songs, concierge songs, filial piety songs, Haruka-speaking songs, incense-worshipping songs, Buddhist sentences and so on. ), vegetable songs, children's songs, etc. Generally, the taste is humorous, the humor is implicit, the tune is euphemistic and stretched, there are high notes and flat tones, the feelings are soft and delicate, and there are many Sichuan-Chu styles, unlike the folk songs in Guanzhong and northern Shaanxi. In order to speed up the progress, one or three people beat gongs and drums behind the crowd, sing the songs of supervisors, and compose and sing randomly according to the situation, especially behind people with slow progress or poor work quality, so as to encourage the work to speed up the progress and improve the quality. This form makes the production site lively and eliminates the fatigue, fatigue and loneliness of workers. Shehuo is popular in all counties of the city. Generally, during the Spring Festival, street, town and village tours will be held in various forms. There are hanging table cores, stilts and earth fires. And all kinds of facial makeup costumes play dramatic characters and scenes, integrating music, dance, art and acrobatics. The core social fire of the hanging platform in southern Shaanxi is particularly famous. Multi-story steel frame decorated with dramatic figures, up to five or six stories, is extremely thrilling. There are also lion dances, colorful lotus boats, bamboo horses, dragon lanterns, bench dances and shell dances. Fireworks are also called "flowers" Fireworks are usually set off on festivals such as Spring Festival or Lantern Festival. Moziqiao Fireworks in Yangxian County is the most famous since the Qing Dynasty, and was once transferred to Beijing to attend the National Day Fireworks Gala. There are more than 160 varieties, such as rod flower, basket flower, horse flower, sky gun, starry sky, meteor chasing the moon, dragon palace, fire tree silver flower, continuous musket and so on. Colorful, colorful. Diao Han Huang Er local opera in southern Shaanxi developed from folk songs, folk songs and minor tunes in Hanshui River valley, and its tone is pronounced in Hanzhong area, which is similar to that in Hubei. Good at literati drama, rich in Bashan flavor, elegant timbre, euphemistic singing, soft speech, humorous language, delicate performance, simple and generous, singing Bashan strong, known for Sichuan style. Plate type can be divided into upward adjustment and downward adjustment, and upward adjustment is mostly used to express sadness, desolation and indignation; Downward adjustment shows a more comfortable, bright and unrestrained mood. Hantai District, Xixiang County, zhenba county and other places performed Diao Han Huang Er before the 1960s, but now there are no more. Du, also known as Hanzhong Bangzi, was included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage protection list. It is one of the nine major operas in Shaanxi and the largest opera in southern Shaanxi, belonging to Bangzi Opera. Its singing and intonation are based on the pronunciation of Hanshui River basin, and it makes a loud beat with clapper instruments. Beginning in the Yuan Dynasty, it not only has the characteristics of high-pitched and vigorous Shaanxi opera, but also incorporates the soft and tactful characteristics of Sichuan Opera and Diao Han, forming a distinctive local color and style. With beautiful music, humorous language, easy to understand, generous and simple performance, distinctive singing, ugliness, purity and boldness, complete trades, harmonious and complete singing, reading, doing and playing, it can quite represent the gentle, elegant, simple and generous personality characteristics of the people in Hanshui River Basin. Duangong Opera was originally a dance form of ancient Bashu wizards (Duangong), and later developed into a folk song and dance drama, which belongs to a local opera. It is usually sung by men and women, showing the love between men and women, so it is also called "Dui Opera". Suitable for rehearsing small plays, with simple and soft singing and free and easy expression. Lyrics are humorous, with unique artistic style and strong local characteristics. Traditional houses in southern Shaanxi include ravines, river banks and flat dams. Residents have built various dwellings according to topography, raw materials and other conditions. Traditional houses include stone houses, bamboo houses, diaojiao buildings, three-way houses and quadrangles. Stone houses: mostly built in mountainous areas, Zhenba and Xixiang mountainous areas are very common. As the name implies, stone houses are made of stones. Usually, the back wall is close to the cliff, and the three sides are made of stone, and the roof wooden frame is covered with oilleaf slate. Stone houses are weatherproof and rainproof, and the cost is low. Bamboo log cabin: the walls are logs, with doors and windows. The roof is covered with bamboo beams, tied with bamboo strips and covered with giant knotweed leaves. Someone put wood on the beam, covered it with dense bamboo, and then pasted it with gypsum to form a top floor with a fireplace for baking and storing food. Bamboo and wood houses are mostly built on the edge of forests and valleys, and are common in mountainous areas such as Nanzheng, Ningqiang and Chenggu. Diaojiaolou: Most of them are built in market towns along the Yangtze River. The diaojiao building is supported by wooden stakes or masonry, the upper frame is floor, and the walls are painted with wooden boards or bamboo rafts. Tile or thatch the roof. The window of the diaojiao building faces the river, so it is also called Wangjiang Building. The diaojiao building is small, but the construction factory is waterproof and it is cool upstairs. Sanhe Courtyard and Siheyuan: It is more common in Pingba Town. Sanhe Hospital has 3 main rooms with a hall in the middle and 2-3 wing rooms in the east and west. The eaves in front of the main house extend outward and can be used for eating and resting. The wing is smaller than the main room, with two walls connected and the middle wall facing south. Siheyuan is composed of main rooms, wing rooms and doors, with a patio in the middle, which is more exquisite than Sanheyuan. Bedrooms in Sanhe and Siheyuan are made of adobe, masonry and wood, with doors facing south and avoiding facing west. With the development of economy, there are more and more rural brick houses and urban buildings. 1. Spring Festival custom:
Open the gun
In the early morning of the first day, every household put on a pair of sonic booms and a hundred cannons to wish good luck and prosperity in the new year.
Eat rice cake
Eat more rice cakes for breakfast. "Cake" and "Gao" are homophonic, meaning "getting higher every year".
Write (especially a poem) for the first time.
On the first day of junior high school, the scholar cut a piece of red paper, wrote a poem to congratulate the New Year, or wrote the words "Start writing in the New Year, be prosperous", which is called "Start writing".
open the market
General shops are closed during the Spring Festival, and residents need food and daily necessities before the festival. After the third day and the fourth day, the shops opened one after another. When the market opened, Zhang Hong was injured and set off firecrackers. In recent decades, for the convenience of residents, many shops have opened as usual on the first day of the New Year, or opened their doors in turn in the same industry.
Send aluminum ingot
In the countryside, there are people who send gold ingots. During the Spring Festival, two partners took copper coins and evergreen branches and read the ballad "Send Gold ingot" from door to door. A person should say a blessing, and a person should say a "good". For example, "Yuanbao enters the Taoist altar-good!" "The room is full of gold and silver-good!" There is a saying in Wenzhou that "the first day of the first month is good", which is the meaning of this custom.
Chambari
On the eighth day of the first month, every yard burns firewood, which is called "Liao Huo Pan". The children jumped into the fire and set off fireworks for fun. Good men and faithful women join hands to pray for the well-being of the whole family in suburban Taiping Temple.
2. Marriage:
When going out, the bride wears a thick red veil, her brother carries a sedan chair, and her siblings 1 person. At this time, I will say goodbye to the wedding song. With the sound of firecrackers, the sedan chair set off, followed by Mr. Li, the bride-to-be, the bride-to-be and the drummer. If you meet another wedding sedan chair on the road, the bride exchanges handkerchiefs. The sedan chair goes to the door of the man's house, and the bride helps the bride out of the sedan chair to visit the bride. After the ceremony, the bride and groom rushed into the bridal chamber, which was called "robbing the house". In the bridal chamber, the groom lifts the veil from the bride's head with a rolling pin or a scale. The bride sits on a bucket, puts her hair on her head (braids are tied to her temples), washes her face and makes her bed, and the bride presents them with a gift seal. Relatives and friends make trouble at night. In Guangping area, as soon as the bride arrives at her in-laws' house, she falls asleep with her head covered, and the next day, she begins to worship. Three days after their marriage, the bride and husband went back to their parents' home with gifts, called "returning to the door". After getting married 10 days, her parents took her back to live 10 days, which is called "staying for ten days".
3. Childbearing:
A month's rest after childbirth is called confinement. Pregnant women are not born enough months, and parents send meals. This is called "birth". After the baby is born, the clothes are buried under the bed, and the first outsider comes home, calling it "every life". There is a saying that a baby's personality is like a stranger. On the third day of delivery, the decoction is given to the baby to wash, which is called "washing three". When the first child is born, the husband will go to Zhang Yue's house to send a chicken to give good news, the male will send a rooster and the female will send a hen. Relatives and friends go to see the mother with gifts, which is called "seeing the mother and son". Choose a day in a month and prepare a table for friends and relatives, which is called "holding the full moon". My parents sent me clothes, shoes, socks, rice noodles, eggs and meat that day. The eggs will be dyed red. Boys are nicknamed "Cowherd" and girls are called "losing money".
Pregnant women are not allowed to enter other people's homes before the full moon. Pregnant women, people with keys and sandals are not allowed to enter the delivery room, thinking that such people can take away the milk of the parturient. If children are sick and cry, give them to others, that is, to find michel platini's godmother, or to give them to the gods and buddhas for protection, or to protect them from diseases and disasters.