China's modern secret society. Also known as green gang and Ann green gang. Legend originated from Luo religion, a folk religion in Ming Dynasty. Originally distributed in Beizhi (now Miyun area in Beijing), Shandong and other places, and later developed along the canal to Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi and other areas. His disciples mainly carried grain in the ports along the canal, also known as grain boat gangs or grain gangs. By 1726 (the fourth year of Yongzheng, Qing Dynasty), Weng Yong, Qian Jian and Pan Qing organized boatmen of the North and South Canal to undertake water transportation for the Qing government, hence the name green gang, also known as Panmen or Panjia. Among them, there are two factions. One faction is the main gang, which is composed of Wenzhou and Taizhou people in eastern Zhejiang. One is the Hakka gang, which is composed of people from northern Anhui and Jiangbei, also known as the Chaohu gang. There's a ritual rule in the gang. Different generations accept disciples according to their generations. For a long time, they maintained the status of feudal gangs in canal transportation and asked their members to "help the funeral and marriage, help the poor and help the poor", thus winning the support of the majority of grain ship sailors and the lower class. Later, due to the change of grain transportation, most of the sailors of grain carriers lost their jobs, so they became homeless gangs at trading ports in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, such as Shanghai and Tianjin, with the aim of "secretly selling salt or evading taxes". Its members are becoming more and more complex. In addition to bankrupt farmers, unemployed craftsmen and rogue proletarians, many demobilized soldiers and brave soldiers joined in, and a few landlords and gentry also joined in and made extensive contacts in the lower classes of society. During the Revolution of 1911, green gang established the China Progressive Association in Shanghai. 19 13 was employed by Yuan Shikai and assassinated Song. From 1920 to 1930, the influence developed rapidly. There are five factions, namely, People's Society, Rong Society, Heng Society, Zhong Xing Society and Jiangbei Gang. The main characters are Huang, Du, and are called "Big Three". Some green gang leaders colluded with warlords and politicians, recruited disciples, occupied one side, opened casinos and brothels, sold drugs, kidnapped and extorted money, and divided the spoils on the ground; Some people use their huge wealth to invest in industry and commerce. These people are arrogant, crazy, illegal and harmful to the local area. On Zhang Xiaolin's 50th birthday, Huang's Huangjia Garden (now Shanghai Guilin Park) and Du's Dujia Temple were completed, which became a "grand ceremony" that sensationalized Shanghai at that time. 1927 was used by Chiang Kai-shek to take part in the April 12th counter-revolutionary massacre, tricked the chairman of the Shanghai Federation of Trade Unions into Du's house and killed him, and instructed hooligans to pretend to be workers and attack the Shanghai workers' picket from the concession. During War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Japanese secret service also used green gang to organize traitor activities.
Green gang is also called "green gang" or "Ann green gang". One of the important secret societies in modern times. A branch of Luo Zu in Ming Dynasty. Originally distributed in Beizhi (now Miyun area) and Shandong area. Later, it developed from Beizhi and Shandong along the canal to Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Jiangxi. Commonly known as "Panmen", also known as "Panjia". There are two factions inside. First, the main gangs are from Wenzhou and Taizhou in eastern Zhejiang; One is the Hakka gang, which is from the north of Anhui, also known as the Chaohu gang. During the period from Kang Yong to Jiadao in the early Qing Dynasty, its members were mostly transport workers, who mainly undertook grain transportation for the Qing government and other handicraft workers. It was a lower secret group with transport workers as the main body. It accepted disciples according to their generations, maintained the position of feudal guilds in canal transportation for a long time, and asked its members to help each other "support the funeral, help the poor and help the poor", thus uniting the sailors of grain carriers. Later, due to the change of grain transportation, most of the sailors of grain carriers lost their jobs and became refugees, so "selling salt secretly or evading taxes" appeared in northern Anhui and Jiangbei, gradually turned to the vast hinterland of Taihu Lake basin, and then developed to Shanghai, becoming a group of refugees and proletarians with smuggling salt as the main body. The membership has changed. In addition to bankrupt farmers, unemployed craftsmen and rogue proletarians, many demobilized soldiers also joined the organization. During the Revolution of 1911, the "Chinese Society" was established in Shanghai and was used by Yuan Shikai to assassinate Song. 1927 was raised by Chiang Kai-shek and participated in the April 12th counter-revolutionary massacre. During War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Japanese secret service used green gang to organize traitor activities. 1946, green gang colluded with military agents. (Excerpted from China Dictionary of Modern History, Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House, 1982). )
How did green gang grow into the biggest gangster in old China? He was immediately surrounded by Qing soldiers and entered a state of war. It is impossible to develop his influence widely. So he immediately created the White Gate Club in disguise, and established teaching by Shinto, attracting An Baili School, Red Lantern School, Red Gun Club, Broadsword Club, Knife Club, Heaven and Earth Club and so on. In feudal society, these organizations developed easily. . But in modern history, we mentioned the underground society composed of urban proletariat, which usually refers to the "green red gang". Now that the "Red Gang" is actually a rumor of "Hong Men", what is the story of "green gang"? How did it come from?
Hong Men once sent Weng Ganpan to Beijing to find out about the Qing Dynasty. Weng was bought by the court and his will was not firm. After the Qing Dynasty, a number of "An green gang" were formed. Ann green gang changed the horizontal relationship within the organization into a vertical relationship, so it was not brothers who became sworn brothers, but mentoring to carry on the family line. This group was originally scheduled to have a generation of 20 words, such as "Jing De, civilized Buddhism, human wisdom, self-confidence, Yuan", which began in the Qing Dynasty and ended in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, and its political significance can be imagined. By the end of the Qing dynasty, 20 words had been used up, and the word "Great Harmony Enlightenment" was added by revolutionaries. It is said to be the code word of Shaoxing Datong Wushu operated by Xu Xilin and Qiu Jin. After the Qing Dynasty, the important task of helping others was added to the last 24 generations, that is, "Vientiane converted, the precepts were handed down from generation to generation, the mind was turned back, the general door was opened, and people practiced extensively and practiced with the law." Later, it continued for twenty-four generations, saying, "It is advisable to stick to what should exist and go with the flow."
After the An Qing Gang was founded, the Qing court instructed the Qing army to help protect and transport rations, divided the canal from Hangzhou to Tongzhou North into 125 sections, and appointed Weng Ganpan's 128 disciples and a very young man as dock officers. This level consists of four products-service and defense-and six products, totaling thousands. Mentoring is hereditary, and each paragraph has a name. Such as Jianghuai IV and Wu Xing VI. The dock officer wants to accept an apprentice. When he is old, he chooses a favorite apprentice to pass on the mantle, calls disciple Sun for a meeting, and names it Guanshanmen to pass on to his heirs. After the master closes the gate, he can't accept any more disciples. If any disciple is exposed again, he will play forty boards in Xiangtang. The heir became a dock officer and opened a fragrant hall to accept his disciples. Martial disciples, no matter how high you are, you can't start classes and accept disciples.
Although the dock officer has a military post, he actually does not lead troops, but only does the intelligence work of the court, so most of his disciples are inferior.
Hong Men regards green gang as a traitor, and whenever he meets a grain ship, he will fight. After the compromise, the grain ship was stopped by Hong Men, and immediately put down the stern and motioned for passing by. During the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, Hong Men killed 56 dock officers in green gang, leaving 72 and a half. After the opening of the sea ban, the grain was directly shipped to Tianjin, and the canal lost its function. Green gang lost its economic base, and some green gang elements joined the anti-Qing movement. The hostile relationship between Hong Men and green gang will vanish invisibly. After the demise of the Qing Dynasty, there was no peace in green gang, the dock officer ceased to exist, and the rules and regulations could not be bound. Those with high qualifications also open incense halls to accept disciples. The boundary between Hong Men and green gang is very clear. Hong Men proverb says: "From the Qing Dynasty to the Hong Dynasty, it was a red wound;" From flood to clear, peeling cramps. "