What is hemangioma? How to distinguish hemangioma?

Hemangioma is a congenital benign tumor or vascular malformation, which is common in skin and soft tissue and is formed by the proliferation of vascular cells in embryonic period. Hemangiomas are more common at birth or shortly after birth. Residual embryonic angioblasts and active endothelial-like embryos invade adjacent tissues to form endothelial splines, which are connected with residual blood vessels to form hemangioma. The blood vessels in the tumor are self-contained and not connected with the surrounding blood vessels.

1. Capillary hemangioma

The tumor is composed of a large number of interlaced and dilated capillaries. It is characterized by bright red or purple spots. Flush with the skin surface or slightly convex, with clear boundaries, irregular shapes and different sizes. Press the tumor with your finger, and the color will fade; After the pressure is released, the color returns.

2. Cavernous hemangioma consists of dilated vascular lumen and blood sinus lined with endothelial cells. The lesions are purplish red, dark red or bluish red nodules or plaques with soft texture, blood sinuses of different sizes, spongy structure, and sinus cavities are filled with venous blood and communicate with each other. The surface is hemispherical or lobulated, and the pressure volume can be reduced. Most of them are single shots. Histopathology showed that the blood vessels in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue expanded into irregular cavities filled with blood. Outer membrane cell proliferation. It is a soft lump with no conscious symptoms and slow growth. When the head is low, the tumor expands due to congestion, and after returning to normal posture, the lump returns to its original state. A superficial tumor with blue-purple skin or mucosa. Dark, normal complexion. When palpated, the lump was soft, with unclear boundary and no tenderness. The mass will shrink during extrusion, and will return to its original size after pressure is released.

3. Tendinous hemangioma

Mainly formed by dilated arteriovenous anastomosis. The tumor is beaded or earthworm-shaped. Hearing has a sense of pulsation and tremor, auscultation has a blowing sound. If all the blood supply arteries are closed, the above pulsation and murmur will disappear.