Dr Zheng Guo said to Zheng Bo, "Zheng Guo is in danger. If you can send a candle to see Qin Bo, you can certainly persuade him to retreat. " Zheng Bo agreed. Candlelight Wu declined: "When I was young, I was not as good as others; Now that I am old, I can't do anything. " Zheng Wengong said, "It was my fault that I didn't pay attention to you before. Now I beg you in an emergency. However, Zheng's demise is not good for you! " Candlewood agreed.
In the evening (someone) put down the rope from the city to see Qin Bo. Candle Wu said, "Qin Jin has besieged Zheng, and Zheng knows his death. If killing Zheng is for your own good, how dare you bother you with this matter? You know it's difficult to cross other countries and use remote land as a border town. Why destroy Zheng and increase land for neighboring countries? The national strength of neighboring countries is strong, and your national strength is relatively weak. If you give up the siege of Zheng, treat it as a host to receive passers-by on the Oriental Road, and provide what people lack when they come and go (for you, Qin). In addition, you once gave a favor and promised you two cities, Jiao and Xian. As you know, he crossed the Yellow River to return home in the morning and built fortifications at night. When will Kim be satisfied? It regards Zheng as its eastern border and wants to expand the border to the west. If Qin had not been invaded, where would it get the land it longed for? Weakening the state of Qin is beneficial to the state of Jin. I hope you will think about it! " Qin Bo was very happy and signed a covenant with Zheng. Qi Zi, Sun Feng and Sun Yang were sent to guard the State of Zheng, so the State of Qin retreated.
When the generals wanted to attack Qin Jun, Jin Wengong said, "No! Without that man's strength, I wouldn't have come this far. It is unjust to rely on others' strength and hurt them in turn; It is unwise to lose allies; It is not in line with martial arts to replace the harmonious coexistence between the two sides with conflicting practices. Let's go back! " 8 jin j also withdrew from zheng. Important notional words of withdrawing from Qin dynasty
1, 2
① Capitalization of "two".
Because it was considered disrespectful for Zheng to form an alliance with Chu, the old enemy of the State of Jin, Qin Jin besieged it before it.
(Example: What would you do if the country could not bear it? "Zuo Zhuan Yin Gongnian")
(2) deputy (for example, he has two or more directors. Liang Qichao's young chinese)
(3) Not specific (example: 2, confused. Interpretation of Xunzi)
(4) Centrifugation and betrayal
(Example: If the bribes of husband and vassal gather in the mansion, the vassal will be two. Zuo zhuan)
⑤ Repeat again. (Example: Don't be angry, don't be angry. "The Analects of Confucius Yong Ye")
⑥ Subordinate two masters. (This article: rude to Jin, rude to Chu. )
2. contempt
(1) Border town, remote place (for example, Xue Ji: "There are two monks in Shu." )
(This article: "Crossing the Country")
2 vulgar, despicable.
(Example: Ten Years of Zuo Zhuan and Zhuang Gong: "Carnivores are frivolous and fail to make long-term plans." )
3 look down upon, despise.
(Example: Zuo Zhao was a public official for sixteen years: "I am polite, but my husband still despises me." )
3. Xu
(1) license. (Same as modern Chinese)
Promise and listen. (Example: This article: Xu Zhi. "Xu Junjie, mutiny ...")
3 agree. (For example, "Yu Gong Yi Shan": "Mixed words." )
(4) Approximation (Example: Xiaoshi Pond Age: "There are hundreds of fish in the pond." )
(5) Appearance (such as Tao Yuanming's Biography of Mr. Wuliu): "I don't know who you are." )
4. Que
(1) ① The tall buildings on both sides of the ancient palace in Què.
② Quetta
(3) flexor palace, extended to the court.
(4) The excavation of Quling is extended to invasion. (This article: Queqin)
5. Micro-and domain-specific
① No.
(2) tiny, slight (in the present sense)
(3) the decline of the country.
④ Humility
(Example: Historical Records Cao Shijia: "Take part in it and be kind to Xiao He." )
5 subtle and exquisite. Speak meaningfully (idiom)
6. Hidden, not exposed. See the micro-knowledge (idiom)
⑦ If not. (Example: The story of Yueyang Tower: "Wes, who are we going home with?" )
(This article: Mrs. Wei's strength is not as good as this)
6. We
(1) bad, shabby.
(Example: Fang Bao's Zuo Anecdote: "Make history more embarrassing." )
(2) I am modest.
(3) Tired (Example: Zi Tongzhi Jian: "Cao Cao's people are far tired." )
4 damage, decline. (This article: Because of human power. ) Hongmen Banquet Liu Bang's army was stationed on the bully, and no one met Xiang Yu. Liu Bang's Sajima Cao Wushang sent someone to tell Xiang Yu: "Liu Bang wants to occupy Guanzhong and be king, and let Zi Ying be (his) national ambassador. The pearls and jewels are all his." Xiang Yu said angrily, "Tomorrow, I will reward the soldiers with wine and meat and defeat Liu Bang's army." At this time, Xiang Yu had 400,000 troops stationed in Hong Men, Xinfeng County. Liu Bang's army, with 100,000 men, was stationed on the dam. Fan Zeng advised Xiang Yu: "When Liu Bang was in the east of Xiaoshan, he was greedy for money and loved beautiful women. Now entering Guanzhong, he doesn't want property at all, and no woman approaches him, which shows that he is ambitious. I asked people to see the clouds there, all in the shape of dragons and tigers, and they became colorful. This is the cloud of the son of heaven. (You) attack (him) quickly, don't lose the opportunity! "
Xiang Bo, Zuo Yin of Chu, is Xiang Yu's uncle. He and Sean have always been very friendly. Sean followed Liu Bang at this time. Xiang Bo rode to Liu Bangjun overnight, met Sean privately, told Sean in detail, and wanted to invite Sean to leave with him, saying, "If you don't follow (me), you will be killed together." Sean said, "I escorted Pei Gong into the customs for korean king. Pei Gong is badly needed now. It's immoral for me to run away. (I) can't help telling (him). "
Sean went in and told Liu Bang in detail. Liu Bang was surprised and said, "How to deal with this?" Sean said, "Who gave the king this plan?" Liu Bang replied: "Ignorant people advised me to say,' Hold the Hangu Pass and don't let the princes in. All the territory of Qin can be ruled by you. So I listened to him. "Sean said," is it estimated that the king's army can resist the king's army? " Liu Bang was silent (for a moment) and said, "Nature is not as good as others. What are we going to do? Sean said: "Please tell Xiang Bo that Pei Gong dare not betray Wang Xiang." . "Liu said," how are you getting along with Xiang Bo? Sean said: "In the Qin Dynasty, I had contacts with Xiang Bo. Xiang Bo killed someone, and I left him alive. "It's urgent now, but fortunately he came to tell me." Liu Bang said, "Who is older than him and who is older than you?" Sean said, "He is older than me." Liu Bang said, "Please come in for me. I have to treat my brother with courtesy. " Sean went out and invited Xiang Bo.
Xiang Bo immediately came in to see Liu Bang. Liu Bang offered a glass of wine to bless Xiang Bo and promised to be in-laws. He said, "When I entered Guanzhong, I dared not take my property for myself. I registered officials and people, and closed the national treasury (for collecting property) to wait for the arrival of the general. The reason why officers and men are sent to guard Hangu Pass is to guard against the entry of other thieves and unexpected changes. Looking forward to the arrival of the general day and night, how dare you rebel! I hope you (Xiang Bo) will elaborate, I dare not be ungrateful. " Xiang Bo agreed and said to Liu Bang, "You have to come early tomorrow and apologize to Wang Xiang in person." Liu Bang said, "Good."
So, Xiang Bo left overnight and returned to the barracks (Xiang Yu), reporting all Liu Bang's words to Wang Xiang. He took the opportunity to say, "How dare you come in without tackling the problem first? Now that people have made great contributions, it's inhuman for you to want to hit them. It is better to take the opportunity to entertain him in a friendly way. " King Xiang agreed.
The next day, Liu Bang led 100 people to meet Xiang Yu and arrived in Hong Men. He apologized and said, "I joined forces with the general to attack Qin, and the general fought in the north of the Yellow River. I fought in the south of the Yellow River. I didn't expect to enter the customs first, break through the state of Qin, and see you here again. Now there's a rumor made by a villain, which estranged the general from me. " Xiang Yu said, "This is what you, Sajima and Cao said. How else could I be like this? "
Xiang Yu took this opportunity to leave Liu Bang around to drink on the same day. Xiang Yu and Xiang Bo sit facing east; Father sits facing south-father is Fan Zeng; Liu bang sits facing north; Sean sat facing west. Fan Zeng winked at Xiang Yu many times, raised the jade Jue he was wearing, and motioned to Xiang Yu many times, but Xiang Yu didn't respond silently. Fan Zeng stood up, went out to summon Xiang Zhuang and said to Xiang Zhuang, "A king is too soft-hearted to do it. You go in and make a toast. After the toast, he asked for a sword dance, and took the opportunity to knock Liu Bang down in his seat and kill him. Otherwise, you are all captured by him! " Xiangzhuang went in to propose a toast. After the toast, he said, "The king and Pei Justice are drinking. There is nothing to entertain in the barracks. Please let me dance with my sword. " Xiang Yu said, "Good." Xiang Zhuang drew his sword and danced. Xiang Bo also drew his sword and danced, often spreading his wings like a bird to cover Liu Bang. Xiang Zhuang (always) never got the chance to assassinate Liu Bang.
So Sean summoned Fan Kuai outside the military gate. Fan Kuai said, "How was today?" Sean said, "It's critical! Today, the sword dance of Xiangzhuang is always above Pei Gong. " Fan Kuai said, "This matter is urgent! Please let me go in to protect Pei Gong and try my best to protect him. " Fan Kuai entered the military gate with a sword and shield. Soldiers carrying halberds through the gate tried to stop him from entering. Fan Kuai raised his shield sideways, and the guards fell to the ground. Fan Kuai walked in, lifted the curtain, and faced the West Railway Station, staring at Xiang Yu, his hair stood on end and his eyes were splitting. Xiang Yu knelt up straight with the hilt in his hand and said, "What do guests do?" Sean said: "He is a participant of Pei Gong in Fan Kuai." Xiang Yu said, "Brave men! -Give him a glass of wine. " Give him a large glass of wine Fan Kuai thank humbly, stood up, stood (breath) and drank the wine. Xiang Yu said, "Give him a pig's front leg." Someone gave him a raw pig's forelegs. Fan Kuai locked the shield on the ground, put the pig leg on the shield, pulled out his sword, and cut it to eat. Xiang Yu said, "Brave men! Can I have another drink? " Fan Kuai said, "I'm not afraid of death. A glass of wine is not worth refusing! The king of Qin has the heart of a tiger and a wolf. He is afraid of killing people and punishing people for being tortured. So, people all over the world betrayed him. Chu Huaiwang once agreed with the generals that the first person to defeat Qin Jun and enter Xianyang was the Guanzhong King. Now Liu Bangxian defeated Qin Jun and entered Xianyang. He dare not occupy and use the slightest. He closed the official room and retired to wait for the arrival of the king. The reason why he specially sent soldiers to guard Hangu Pass was to guard against other thieves' access and emergencies. In this way, I worked hard, but I didn't get the reward of the Marquis. Instead, I listened to the rumors of the villain and wanted to kill the people who had the credit. This is the successor of the ruined Qin dynasty! Personally, I don't think the king should take this way. "
Xiang Yu didn't answer him anything and said, "Sit down." Fan Kuai sat down next to Sean.
After sitting for a while (soon), Liu got up in the toilet and took the opportunity to greet Fan Kuai (together) to go out. Liu Bang went out, and Xiang Yu sent a surname Chen Ping to call Liu Bang (back). Liu Bang (to Fan Kuai) said, "I didn't leave you just now. What should I do? " Fan Kuai said: "We don't have to worry about details when we do big things, and we don't have to pay attention to small comity when we talk about big gifts. People nowadays are like knives and chopping boards for cutting meat. We are fish and meat, why should we leave? " So he left. Just politely declined to ask Sean to leave. Sean asked, "What did the king bring when he came?" Liu Bang said, "I took a pair of white jade and a pair of jade wine glasses for Fan Zeng. Just when they are angry, they dare not offer. Please give it to them for me. " Sean said, "Yes." At this time, Xiang Yu's army was stationed in Hong Men, and Liu Bang's army was stationed on the dam, 40 miles apart. Liu bang left his entourage's vehicles and horses and rode away alone. He, Fan Kuai, Xia Houying, Jin Qiang and Ji Xin, armed with knives and shields, ran to the foot of Lishan Mountain on foot, took Zhiyang, and made their way out. Liu Bang said to Sean, "It's only twenty miles from this road to my barracks. Please estimate that when I get to the barracks, you can go in again (see Wang Xiang). "
Liu Bang has already left, (estimated) took a detour and (already) returned to the army. Sean declined politely, saying, "Pei Gong can't drink any more. He is drunk, so he can't leave. I want to present a white jade to your majesty. A pair of jade cups, dedicated to the general. " Xiang Yu asked, "Where is Pei Gong?" Sean said, "I heard that the king intends to blame him. He escaped, left alone and has returned to the army. " Xiang Yu took Bai Yubi and put it on his seat. Fan Zeng took the jade cup, threw it on the ground, drew his sword and chopped it, saying, "Alas! This boy is not worth pursuing with him! Pei Gong must have taken Wang Xiang's world. We are going to be captured by him! "
Liu bang returned to the barracks and immediately killed Cao.
1. Athena Chu explained.
Dine with foot soldiers (Xi m: ng, served with wine and food)
Kun Sheng said I said "Yue" (Kun Sheng, Z is not u, short and shallow)
Reduce someone's strength (slaughter, unite, together) (open your eyes when you are angry)
My eyes are chapped (canthus, canthus) and I hesitate to press the sword (I hesitate to straighten my upper body and kneel on my legs).
Shoulder (halberd, finger, pig) knife (halberd, Z, meat cutting board)
2. Common words
As a matter of custom, don't be a vassal (in the sense of refusing to keep or accept)
Xiangbo (invitation, invitation)
Dare not be double-hearted (double-hearted, meaning betrayal)
You must have come with fleas.
Quarrel (estrangement, estrangement, resentment) between the general and the minister
Sit (in a seat) and hit repeatedly.
3. Flexible use of parts of speech
Nouns are used as verbs
Official (registered or registered)
King Fan Zeng (blink)
Punish a person and you will be invincible (knife cutting)
Knife Yang Zhi Jian Xing (take knife)
Noun adverbial
So Xiang Bo went night after night.
I must do something for my brother (such as treating my brother)
See the general day and night (day and night)
I often cover my body with wings (like wings)
Upward hair
Verb causative usage
Xiang Bo kills people, but I live (live).
Ride more than a hundred times (make ... follow)
Adjectives are used as verbs.
Su Shan Liu Hou Sean (Applauded)
4. Different meanings of ancient and modern times
When Pei Gongsheng lived in Shandong (Shandong ancient meaning: Xiaoshan present meaning: Shandong province)
About marriage (ancient meaning of marriage: kinship formed by marriage, modern meaning: husband-wife relationship formed by marriage)
Be prepared to be different and different from others (very ancient meaning: different general things, today meaning: adverbs, very, very)
5. Sentence analysis
(1) sentence
I let people have a look, they are all dragons and tigers, and they are all five episodes. This son of heaven is also angry.
Chu Zuobo, Xiang Fu also.
Today's people have made great achievements, and it is unjust to hit them.
Father, Fan Zeng also.
Pei Gong participated in Fan Kuai.
This is the continuation of the Qin Dynasty.
Man is a knife and I am a fish.
Those who win the title of king of the world will be rewarded repeatedly.
Therefore, those who will be sent to guard the customs should be prepared for his theft and abnormality.
(2) Inverted sentences
Tell something by telling it.
Report Wang Xiang in Pei Gong's words (prepositional structure is postpositioned)
I must see the general again here.
How did you get here (interrogative pronoun as object preposition)
What is the king doing here? (interrogative pronouns are prepositional objects)
Interrogative pronoun prepositional object
(3) Passive sentences
If it belongs to everyone and is taken by the enemy (meaning "for the place")
(4) Elliptic sentences
In order to defeat Pei (omitting the prepositional object "zhi")
Add a shoulder (omit the adverbial "Yu Dun")
(5) Fixed structure
Women get nothing from property.
Which is better than the gentleman ("... which is better than ...", a sentence pattern indicating choice, which can be translated as "... which is better ...")
What is the word for ("why … for", a rhetorical question, can be translated into "why … for", and "for" is an modal particle. )
Third, analyze difficult sentences.
1. Pei Gong rode to Wang Xiang for more than 100 days and arrived in Hong Men. Xie Yue said, "The minister and the general fought Qin, the general fought Hebei, and the minister fought Henan ..."
"Danri" means tomorrow, "minister" is Liu Bang's modest title, "slaughter" means unity and unity, and "Hebei" and "Henan" refer to the north and south banks of the Yellow River. Early the next morning, Pei Gong came to Hong Men to visit Wang Xiang with more than 100 cavalry. He apologized and said, "The servant and the general joined hands to attack Qin, the general fought on the north bank of the Yellow River and the servant fought on the south bank of the Yellow River."
2. Pei Gong bought a car to ride: he got off, rode a horse alone, and walked with four men with swords and shields, Fan Kuai, Jin Qiang and Ji Xin, from the foot of Lishan Mountain to the middle of the road.
"Set" and give up. "Riding a chariot" means chariot. "Tao" is used as a verb to lead the way. "Between" can be translated as from a path or secretly. Liu Bang left his chariots and horses and his entourage, and Fan Kuai, Jin Qiang and Ji Xin, each with a sword and shield, left quickly. Take a shortcut from the foot of Mount Li and escape through Zhiyang.
I invite you to come in and share the same life with me.
"Zhi" can refer to Pei Gong or Xiang Zhuang, and both statements are valid. Generally speaking, it means "sharing the same life with Pei Gong." . I asked to go in and share my fate with Pei.
4. The father was fought by jade, land was acquired, and it was cut with a sword.
In modern Chinese, "bump" means "a moving object suddenly collides with other objects". In this sentence, "bump" is used as a thorn Father Ya took the jade bucket, put it on the ground, and drew his sword to break it.
Iv. main contents
The seven paragraphs of this article can be divided into three parts according to the process before and after the banquet: before the banquet and after the banquet.
The first part (paragraphs 65,438 +0 and 2) is before the banquet. Write down the standing position, strength comparison, the cause of the incident, and the behind-the-scenes activities of both parties before the banquet. I mainly wrote five things: First, a tip-off letter from Cao. This is the "fuse" of contradiction. Second, Fan Zeng analyzed Liu Bang's situation before and after, showing that he was "angry at the emperor" and advised Xiang Yu to "defeat the battle", adding fuel to the fire and intensifying contradictions. Third, Xiang Bo visited Sean at night, and the tense situation began to change. Fourthly, Sean discussed with Liu Bang the countermeasures to win over Xiang Bo. Xiang Bo was bribed to intercede for Liu Bang to "cover up repeatedly". Fifth, Xiang Bo persuaded Xiang Yu not to attack Liu Bang.
This part describes the situation from tension to gradual relaxation, thus turning to the thrilling fighting scene at the Hongmen banquet, paving the way for the following.
The second part (paragraphs 3 and 4) is at the banquet. Write about the sharp struggle between the two sides at the hongmen banquet. This part is the focus of the text and the climax of the plot.
Liu bang went to Xiang Yu's barracks and said a few good words. Although Xiang Yu hosted a banquet for Liu Bang, both the host and the guest had their own plans, and the struggle was tense and unpredictable. The plot at the banquet can be summarized as three ups and downs.
There are three situations: one is "Fan Zeng is the king, and the third is the person who shows the jade plate", suggesting that Xiang Yu started to kill Liu Bang, and the atmosphere became tense. Seeing that Xiang Yu was "silent", Fan Zeng told Xiang Zhuang to take the opportunity to assassinate Liu Bang on the grounds of sword dancing. The situation is extremely grim. Fan Kuai knocked down the gatekeeper to enter an item in an account, glared at Xiang Yu and reprimanded him for three situations. The plot reached its climax and the tension reached its extreme.
Three Falls: Xiang Yu was not angry when he broke into Fan Kuai's account, but called him a "strong man". Second, Xiang Yu let Fan Kuai drink and have a shoulder. After being scolded by him, I gave him a seat. Three falls are Liu Bang's "going to the toilet" and running away.
This part has always written four things: Liu Bang's apology, Fan Zeng's raising the army, Xiang Zhuang's sword and Fan Kuai's breaking the account, which not only reflects the contradiction between Xiang Yu and Liu Bang and Fan Zeng, but also reflects the contradiction between Xiang Zhuang's "killing Liu" and "protecting Liu" against Xiang Bo. These two contradictions are intertwined, tension and relaxation, ups and downs, which makes people feel thrilling.
The third part (paragraphs 5, 6 and 7) after the banquet. Write that Liu Bang escaped, and Sean thanked Liu Bang for killing the mole. This is the end of the plot. The article not only wrote that Xiang Yu failed in the struggle at the Hongmen Banquet and lost the opportunity to destroy Liu Bang, but also deepened the contradiction between him and Fan Zeng, laying the groundwork for his ultimate complete failure and throwing himself into the river. And Liu bang is so Cao Wushang, and the interior is more United.
Centered on the "Hongmen Banquet" and taking "Do you want to kill Liu Bang" as a clue, the full text unfolds the story in chronological order, starting with Xiang Yu's attempt to attack Liu Bang and ending with Liu Bang's release. There was a tip-off from Cao Xiang that he was being killed; Fan Zeng persuaded Xiang Yu to go to Fan Zeng to denounce Xiang Yu. Contradictions are complex and ups and downs. Although it is an excerpt, it is rigorous in structure and closely echoes. This is a touching and complete story.
Writing characteristics of verbs (abbreviation of verb)
On the basis of historical facts, Sima Qian showed the personality characteristics of each character in a typical environment. He didn't insert redundant explanations and third-party explanations, nor did he conduct static psychological analysis, but described the characters through typical details and distinctive dialogues.
Take Xiang Yu as an example. Xiang Yu's personality is characterized by pursuing fame and fortune, underestimating his enemy's arrogance, lacking in planning and credulity, being bad at employing people, being indecisive, and having a generous samurai character. When he heard Cao's tip-off and Fan Zeng's persuasion, he flew into a rage and was determined to destroy Liu Bang. However, after hearing Xiang Bo's words like "Today's people have great achievements and are unjust", he changed his mind and agreed to Xiang Bo's "Liu Bang". When Liu Bang arrived in Hong Men, he told a lie and became complacent. He not only forgave Liu Bang, invited him to drink, but also said his information source to show that he had no prejudice against Liu Bang. At the banquet, Fan Zeng repeatedly made a gesture to kill Liu Bang, which was ignored; Xiang Zhuang danced sword and Xiang Bo escorted Liu Bang, but he also turned a blind eye. When he got to Fan Kuai, he broke into the tent, glared at him and scolded him methodically. He didn't fly into a rage, but called him a strong man, gave him wine, gave him shoulders and offered him his seat. In fact, Fan Kuai's words are the repetition and supplement of what Liu Bang said in front, just from another angle. But he felt that everything Liu Bang and Fan Kuai said was right in the face of the hypocrisy of "benevolence and righteousness", but he felt guilty. He was completely off guard ideologically, so that Liu Bang escaped, and he didn't care. After Liu Bang escaped, Zhang Liangfeng gave it to him, and he took the seat at will without any response. Although there are not many details and dialogues in the article, it can show his personality characteristics.
Liu bang is good at employing people, with good eloquence and strong adaptability; Fan Zeng's foresight; Sean's sophistication and resourcefulness; Fan Kuai's bravery and generosity. In a few words, the author vividly depicts the character characteristics of the characters.
In addition, the author is also good at using contrast techniques to make the characteristics of characters more distinct and prominent. For example, commanders Xiang Yu and Liu Bang, counselors Fan Zeng He, foreign affairs departments Xiang Zhuang and Fan Kuai, spies Xiang Bo and Cao, and other characters are vivid, set each other off and become interesting.