Schematic diagram of the administrative area of Dongguan (click here for a larger view)
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Dongguan has a long history. According to historical records, in the Neolithic age, there were primitive people living together along the Dongjiang River. In the Xia Dynasty in the 20th century BC, Dongguan was a traffic hub in the south. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Dongguan was a "land of hundreds of leaps and bounds". In 2 14 BC, Qin Shihuang unified China, and Dongguan belonged to Panyu County, Nanhai County. When Emperor Shundi was in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zengcheng was established in Panyu and Zengcheng was established in Dongguan. In 222-228, it was assigned to Lidongguan County, Zengcheng. During the Jin Dynasty, Dongguan belonged to Panyu and Zengcheng.
In the sixth year of Xianhe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (AD 33 1 year), Lixian County in Dongguan was named Baoan. In the second year of Tang Suzong to Germany (757), it was renamed Dongguan. Starting with Dongguan as the county name, it is said that it is named after the rich aquatic plants (ten thousand grasses) in the territory. Dongguan has a glorious revolutionary tradition. 150 years ago, Lin Zexu wrote a brilliant chapter in the modern history of China, which was the opening place of the modern history of China. During the period of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, it was the anti-Japanese base of Dongjiang people, and thousands of Dongguan sons and daughters fought bravely for national independence and national prosperity and gave their lives. Dongguan has a long history, culture and glorious revolutionary tradition, and has become a famous historical and cultural city in South Guangdong.
In the early days of liberation, Dongguan was under the jurisdiction of Dongjiang Administrative Region. 1952, which belongs to the administrative region of central Guangdong. 1956, belonging to Huiyang area. 1985, approved by the State Council, Dongguan was listed as the Pearl River Delta Economic Development Zone. In September of the same year, the county was withdrawn and the city was established. 1988 1 upgraded to a prefecture-level city directly under Guangdong province.
Dongguan, Guo Jia, Lingnan belongs to the alluvial plain of Pearl River and Dongjiang River, with fertile land and rich land and forest resources. Dongguan, near the South China Sea and south of the Tropic of Cancer, has a subtropical maritime climate. The climate here is mild, with an average annual temperature of 23.3 degrees Celsius and an average annual precipitation of 2042.6 millimeters. The terrain is inclined from east to west, mostly hilly platforms and alluvial plains, with mountains and seas alternating, and the coastline is115.98km (including the inner channel). It is not only suitable for developing grain production, but also beneficial to developing cash crops. Dongguan is a traditional agricultural high-yield area in China, which is rich in rice.
There are also bananas, lychees, longan, pineapples, oranges, oranges and other Lingnan fruits, and aquatic resources are also very rich.
Dongguan chooses Magnolia as the city flower of Dongguan, which symbolizes a pioneering spirit.
Since the reform and opening up, under the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory, Dongguan has been focusing on economic construction, giving full play to its geographical and humanistic advantages and vigorously developing its export-oriented economy. The national economy is developing rapidly and healthily, social civilization is progressing, and people's material and cultural living standards are improving. In 2005, the total output value was 21824.4 billion yuan, up 19.3% over the previous year, the total industrial output value was 4422 17 billion yuan, up 22.4% year-on-year, and the total fiscal revenue was 33/kloc-0.9/kloc-0.0 million yuan (including tariffs)
Magnolia grandiflora in Dongguan
Dongguan's economy is mainly export-oriented, especially in industry, and most of its capital, raw materials and product sales are inseparable from the international market.
Actual utilization of foreign capital: Dongguan started from the "three supplements" and gradually developed joint ventures, cooperation and wholly foreign-owned enterprises. Investors come from more than 20 countries and regions, including Hongkong, Taiwan Province Province, Japan, South Korea, Singapore, the United States, Britain, Germany, France, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Finland and Australia. At present, among the foreign-invested enterprises put into production, there are three global top 500 enterprises, 45 global top 500 enterprises and more than 800 overseas listed companies. These include DuPont in the United States, Nestle in Switzerland, Philips in the Netherlands, Hearst in Germany, Thomson in France, Samsung in South Korea, Hitachi in Japan, Nippon Steel, Sony, Sumitomo Metal, Swire Group in Britain, Nokia in Finland and VTech in Hong Kong. By the end of 2005, the actual utilization of foreign capital (excluding foreign loans) was about 2 1 billion US dollars.
Total import and export volume: In 2005, the total import and export volume of the city's customs was 74.372 billion US dollars, an increase of 65.438+05.3% over the previous year. Among them, the total export value was US$ 40.929 billion, up by 65.438+06.3% over the previous year, and the total import value was US$ 33.442 billion, up by 65.438+04.0%.
Magnetic communication products
Dongguan has developed transportation and communication, sufficient power supply, abundant fresh water resources and strong ability to resist natural disasters, which is very beneficial to the development of industrial and agricultural production conditions.
Port: Dongguan is located at the mouth of the Pearl River. Humen has always been an important gateway to the south of China. You can reach eastern Guangdong, northern Guangdong, western Guangdong and even Guangxi. Humen Port, the main port, is a national first-class port, which is open to foreign ships, and passenger and cargo ships reach Hong Kong directly every day. At present, there are 104 berths in Humen Port, and the distribution of goods is very convenient.
Railway: Dongguan is the intersection of Guangzhou-Kowloon Railway, Guangzhou-Shenzhen Quasi-high-speed Railway, Guangzhou-Meishan Railway and Dajing-Kowloon Railway, which extend southward, northward and eastward in changping town respectively, and run through the eastern towns such as Putian, hills and mountains in our city. Dongguan Railway Port is a national first-class port, which handles the entry and exit inspection procedures for through passenger trains from Beijing and Shanghai to Kowloon, making it extremely convenient to travel between Hong Kong and Kowloon, Beijing, Shanghai and East China.
Picture tube production line
Airport: Although Dongguan has no self-built airport, there are many airports around it that can be used. Along the Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Zhuhai Expressway, there is Guangzhou Baiyun Airport in the north and Shenzhen Airport in the south; /kloc-There are Zhuhai Airport, Foshan Airport and Hong Kong New Airport around 0/00 km. There are a number of civil aviation agencies and more than 40 business points in the city, which is very convenient for handling passenger and cargo transportation business on various routes.
Highway: The total mileage of highways in the city is 2870.8km, and the highway density is116.5km/100km2, ranking among the top cities in China. The port added more than 5,000-ton berths 1 each, added 3 berths 1 10,000-ton berths, and increased throughput 1.52 million tons; In 2005, roads and waterways transported 336 million passengers, with passenger turnover of118.53 million person-kilometers, freight volume of 51270,000 tons, cargo turnover of 3.294 billion tons-kilometers and port throughput of 22.8 million tons. In 2005, the transportation fee was16.45 million yuan.
Communication at Dongguan Railway Station, the intersection of Beijing-Kowloon, Guangzhou-Meishan and Guangzhou-Kowloon high-speed railways: With the rapid development of economy, communication in Dongguan is booming. A modern communication network with program-controlled switching, optical fiber transmission and digitalization has been built. Program-controlled telephones, mobile phones and various wireless paging are widely used, and it is very convenient for all parts of the city to make domestic and international calls. At present, the telephone penetration rate (including mobile phones) is 2 10 per 100 people, with 529,000 Internet users. In 2005, the city's postal business income was13.282 billion yuan, and the daily average postal business volume was more than 36 million yuan.
Electricity: Dongguan has always attached great importance to power grid construction. Shajiao Power Plant, built here by the state, is one of the largest thermal power generation bases in China, with an installed capacity of 3.88 million kilowatts. In addition, there are 0/8 self-built power plants in this city, with an installed capacity of 26 1.77 million kilowatts. In terms of power grid construction, there are 100 kv and above substations10/05 in the city, and the main transformer capacity is 3 1.782 kva. All towns and villages have two or three 1 10 or 220kV substations. In 2005, the power supply was 415.605kV..
Dongguan post and telecommunications
Water supply and drainage: The main water supply projects include Shen Dong water supply project, Dongjiang water diversion project and waterworks distributed in towns and districts of the city.
Shen Dong water supply project is a large-scale water supply project built by the state, which mainly supplies water to cities and towns along Hong Kong, Shenzhen and the city. After the completion of the fourth expansion project this year, the annual water supply will reach 2.423 billion cubic meters, of which 1 1 billion cubic meters will be supplied to Hong Kong.
Dongjiang water diversion project is a large-scale water diversion project built by our city, with a total length of 83 kilometers. On the one hand, its main function is to eliminate waterlogging; On the other hand, Dongjiang fresh water is used to irrigate cultivated land and coastal saline tide areas to solve the industrial, agricultural and domestic water consumption of 14 towns along the way.
Initially, waterworks were mainly built in towns and villages. At present, the penetration rate of tap water in rural areas has reached 98.6%. In order to further improve the quality of water supply, the city has started the construction of water supply projects in the central and western regions, eastern regions and water towns. Upon completion, the water supply capacity will exceed 2 million cubic meters/day. At present, three modern large-scale water plants have been built, with a large water supply network of 250 kilometers, ranking third in water supply scale after Guangzhou and Shenzhen. The city's daily water supply capacity has reached 4 million cubic meters, and most parts of the city have drunk clean tap water.
Dongguan has a fine tradition of respecting teachers and attaching importance to education. After the reform and opening up, science and technology, education, culture, health, sports and other social undertakings have flourished, and the whole ideological and cultural construction has made great progress.
Education: There are 574 schools of all kinds in the city, including 4 colleges and universities, 4 TV universities 1 schools, 34 ordinary middle schools1schools, 2 secondary schools, normal schools, technical schools and vocational schools, 4 primary schools14 and 5 kindergartens1schools. 1995, the city has popularized high school education.
In 2005, the enrollment rate of school-age children with household registration in this city was 98.4%, the enrollment rate of junior high school graduates reached 94. 1%, and there were 28,753 students in various high schools. The ratio of ordinary high school students to secondary vocational education students is 6 ∶ 4. Adult education continued to develop, with an annual training volume of 504,000 person-times. There were 22,442 applicants for the adult college entrance examination, of which 2 1004 were actually admitted, and 190 14 were admitted, an increase of 1364 over the previous year, and the admission rate of candidates was 90.5%. The total number of applicants for the higher education self-study exam is 575 15, ranking third among 2 1 prefecture-level cities in the province.
Science and technology: In 2005, we introduced 1 1.67 million talents, added 2,875 senior talents, added 3,400 senior professional titles or master's degree or above, and gained 36,000 undergraduate degrees. At present, the total number of talents in the city has reached 839,000, including senior title 10064, intermediate title 105725 and junior title 142442. In addition, seven academicians were employed.
Sports culture: Dongguan is rich in cultural life, with TV stations and radio stations in the city and TV stations and cultural stations in the town. There are 80 township cultural stations, 473 libraries (rooms), 447 cultural squares, and 6 museums 16, and the area of public cultural facilities is close to100000 square meters. Dongguan is a famous basketball city, swimming city and weightlifting city in China.
Health and sports: there are 53 hospitals in the city, with health technicians 13053. At the same time, the implementation of family planning, prenatal and postnatal care, vigorously carry out mass cultural and sports activities, and the people's quality and health level have been continuously improved. Since the reform and opening up, Dongguan athletes have broken the world record 86 times, the Asian record 40 times, and the national record 165 times, winning 235 gold medals in international competitions and 5 19 gold medals in national competitions.
Night in Dongguan
Due to the combination of material civilization, political civilization and spiritual civilization, Dongguan has a stable society, people live and work in peace and contentment, and good customs and habits have been further developed. In recent years, it has been rated as the national advanced city of rejuvenating the city through science and education (the national advanced city of scientific and technological progress) for five times in a row, and it has been rated as the national double-support model city for five times in a row. It has been successively rated as the national advanced city of creating civilized villages and towns, the national model collective of national unity and progress, the national advanced drug control unit, the national advanced city of basic education, the excellent tourist city of China, the national basketball city, the national advanced city of sports, the national health city, the national advanced city of creating civilized city, the civilized city of Guangdong Province and the strong city of education. The establishment of a national green model city has also passed the acceptance.