4.3. 1 Contents and Classification of Information Resource Management Standardization
Information resource management is a multidisciplinary field with complex structure and wide coverage. Therefore, the content of information resource management standardization is very rich, which can be divided into four parts: standardized facilities, standardized technologies, standardized terms and standardized management processes. Among them, standardization technology is the most important part, and both at home and abroad are committed to the standardization of information technology.
4.3. 1. 1 standardization technology
Standardization of information technology is the focus of the whole information resource management, and it is also the foundation and guarantee for the development and utilization of information resources. Because of its technology-intensive, high added value and high permeability, information technology is becoming the dominant technology in the development of science and technology and the transition from industrialized society to information society. Therefore, standardization in this field is particularly important. The standardization of information technology is carried out around a series of activities such as the development of information technology, the construction and management of information systems, etc., mainly including the standardization of production, identification, extraction, detection and classification of information resources, exchange or transmission, processing, storage, display, printing, control and utilization of information resources. Standardization of information technology is the foundation and guarantee of the development and utilization of information resources, and it is also the focus of the whole information resource management.
4.3. 1.2 standardization facilities
Information resource management facilities are the material basis of information resource activities. The purpose of establishing standardization of information facilities is to ensure efficient and stable information service. At the same time, it is of great significance to standardize facilities, improve facility efficiency and ensure the quality of information resources products and services. Information exchange, sharing and integration between different units are of great significance. Therefore, the standardization of information resource management facilities is a link that cannot be ignored in information resource management activities.
4.3. 1.3 standardized terminology
Terminology standardization of information resource management refers to the standardization of the name or code of a certain thing or process in information resource activities, with the purpose of unifying international and domestic, expressing unified concepts with the same term, avoiding ambiguity and ensuring consistency.
Terminology standardization has four principles:
(1) Priority principle: terminology standardization precedes technical standardization;
(2) Principle of simplification: concise language should be used in terminology standardization;
(3) Flexibility principle: in the process of terminology standardization, flexible policies should be adopted;
(4) Generalization principle: terminology standardization should be carried out in a collective way.
4.3. 1.4 standardized management process
Standardized information resource management process is to make the whole process of information resource management work according to standardized procedures, which includes learning and implementing standards, formulating standards, formulating workflow and management system. The essence, guiding principles and basic methods of information resource management standardization are interrelated and inseparable whole, which is the theoretical basis and code of conduct for formulating and implementing information resource management standards. Its guiding principles include:
(1) benefit principle: benefit principle makes the implementation of information resource management standardization always adhere to practical purposes;
(2) System principle: analyze and solve problems with the concepts of integrity, hierarchy and interconnection;
(3) Dynamic principle: pay attention to time factors and stages, study the development trend of standardization, and revise and modify relevant standards and norms at any time;
(4) Optimization principle: In order to achieve the best standardization benefit, the optimization method (system engineering method) is adopted to implement standardization;
(5) Principle of consultation: Pay attention to reaching an agreement through consultation, not only the standardized content is consistent, but also the timing and implementation steps should be consistent.
4.3.2 General methods of information resource management standardization
The standardization method of information resource management is a unique method to achieve the goal of standardization, which is guided by the method of system engineering and forms standards according to the principle of standardization, mainly including:
4.3.2. 1 simplification
Simplification is a standardized method to reduce the types of things in a certain range to fully meet the needs of a certain period and a certain field. This is the most basic standardization method.
Serialization and generalization are basic forms of simplification. Serialization refers to the reasonable arrangement and planning of the main parameters, types, sizes and basic structure of products through the analysis and research of the development law of similar products, the prediction of the development trend of domestic and foreign products, and the comprehensive technical and economic comparison combined with domestic production conditions. Generalization refers to the technical measures to unify the types and specifications of some parts so that they can be interchanged in similar products. Parts that can be used in some products after unification are called "universal parts". Generalization is the initial stage of standardization.
The unification of 4.3.2.2
Unification refers to a unified standard method for things, concepts and processing procedures of information resources that need to be standardized according to the management process of information resources within a certain range. It emphasizes unity, forms a kind of * * * and abides by rules, thus establishing normal order.
4.3.2.3 combination
Combination refers to a standardized method that two or more units with specific information resource functions are organically and selectively combined according to the needs of users to form units or systems with new functions.
Attention should be paid when using the combination method: ① The design of standard cells and general cells is the basis of combination and the focus of combination research; The theoretical basis of combination is the decomposition and synthesis of the system, which should be based on the needs of the whole system, and should not pursue the best unit function unilaterally, but the best overall function; ③ Make full use of the combination of functional units to meet the diversified needs of the information society.
4.3.2.4 synthesis
Synthesis refers to the standardization method that the standardized object and its related elements of the whole system formulate and implement a standard system purposefully and systematically. Therefore, synthesis is to achieve the overall optimal goal under the guidance of the theory and method of system engineering.
In the application of the comprehensive method, we should pay attention to: ① fully study and determine which items and elements in the comprehensive standardization object need to be standardized, and determine their index requirements in order to achieve the best standardization effect; (2) Fully coordinate and integrate the functional relationships among the components of the standardized object to ensure the best overall effect; ③ The comprehensive objects and contents should be compatible with the development of leading technology and management level, and keep reasonable advancement; ④ The integration objects and contents should be connected with the current standards and their systems, so as to facilitate the realization of integration standardization; ⑤ In the process of implementing comprehensive standardization, there should be a strict plan, which should be implemented by stages, and a suitable implementation date should be determined.
4.3.2.5 programming
Procedural means that in the whole process of information resource management, standardized procedures should be formed according to strict logical relations. The management mode of a series of interrelated activities determined according to the internal logical relationship of work. The programmed management of information should explain the content, operation method, corresponding rule system and progressive relationship of carrying out an activity or completing a work, and even include the pre-feedback mechanism of operation results.
4.3.3 Formulation and implementation of information resource management standards
The formulation and implementation of standards is the center of the standardization of information resource management. The formulation and implementation of standards are also two different stages of the whole information resource management standardization process, which are inseparable. The former is the premise and foundation, while the latter is the result and benefit. Other related work and procedures are carried out around this center.
standard recipe
Like other standards, the state adopts a management system that combines unified management with division of labor and cooperation in formulating information resources management standards. No matter government departments, non-governmental organizations or enterprises, they all attach great importance to promoting democracy and giving play to the role of experts in the process of standard setting. When formulating standards, government agencies usually set up standard investigation meetings or similar organizations according to the standardization law to mobilize experts to make suggestions. Larger NGOs have taken a similar approach in setting standards. When an enterprise formulates a standard, it often needs the unanimous consent of the representatives of all parties involved in formulating the standard before it can be finalized. The information resource standard formulation process is shown in Figure 4.2.
Regarding the formulation of standards, the Standardization Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) (hereinafter referred to as the Standardization Law) clearly stipulates that national standards should be formulated for technical requirements that need to be unified nationwide. National standards shall be formulated by the administrative department of standardization of the State Council. For technical requirements that need to be unified within a certain industry in the country without national standards, industry standards can be formulated. Industry standards shall be formulated by the relevant administrative departments in the State Council and reported to the standardization administrative departments in the State Council for the record. After the publication of national standards, industry standards shall be abolished. Where there is no national standard or industry standard, it shall be stipulated by the standardization administrative departments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government and reported to the standardization administrative departments of the State Council and the relevant administrative departments of the State Council for the record. After the publication of national standards or industrial standards, local standards shall be abolished. If the products produced by an enterprise do not have national standards and industry standards, enterprise standards shall be formulated as the basis for organizing production. The product standards of an enterprise shall be reported to the standardization administrative department of the local government and the relevant administrative departments for the record. Where there are national standards or industry standards, the state encourages enterprises to formulate enterprise standards that are stricter than national standards or industry standards and apply them within enterprises.
Figure 4.2 Information Resource Standards Formulation Process
Implementation of 4.3.3.2 Standard
The implementation of standards is an important link in the standardization of information resources management, and only after the implementation of standards can we achieve results. At the same time, the management of information resources can only be carried out according to the standards, so as to ensure advanced technology, reliable quality and in-place services, so as to maximize the value of information resources and achieve the expected economic and social benefits.
National standards and industry standards are divided into mandatory standards and recommended standards. The standards enforced by laws and administrative regulations are mandatory standards, and mandatory standards must be implemented. Other standards are recommended standards, and the state encourages enterprises to voluntarily adopt recommended standards. The Standardization Law stipulates that enterprises can apply for product quality certification to the national standardization administrative department or the relevant departments authorized by the administrative department for products with national standards or industry standards. If the certification is qualified, the certification department will grant the certification certificate and allow the use of the specified certification mark on its products or packaging.
In order to effectively ensure the implementation of standards, it is necessary to strengthen the supervision and inspection mechanism of standards in the whole process of standardization management. The supervision and inspection of standardization work by relevant departments should not only be given necessary administrative sanctions, but also be investigated for criminal responsibility according to law.