Pinyin chéng gu
Typical Interpretation ① City Wall. The city refers to the wall of the inner city, and the country refers to the wall of the outer city: Lake Biwa shines on the city. ② Generally refers to "city" or "city": battlements and warehouses are empty, and many people are in exile.
"Yutai Xinyi Ancient Poetry is Jiao Zhongqing's Wife": "Dongshe has virtuous women and is graceful."
"The History of the Three Kingdoms, Sun Po Lu, Seeking Inverse Biography": "Liu fled from the army, and the county guards donated battlements."
Tang Du Mu's "Epang Palace Fu": "Vertical columns and horizontal thresholds are more than nine soil (battlements)."
The stone "Transcendental Platform" looks at Muling in the west and is like a castle.
Qing Yao Nai (Nai): "Looking at the sunshine (castle) in the evening is picturesque."
From the Spring and Autumn Period to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, all the capitals of other dynasties had battlements except Xianyang of Qin Shihuang. The battlements system is a kind of urban construction system (Spring and Autumn Annals) in which the city is built for the monarch and the country is built for the people. There are generally three walls in Beijing: Miyagi (Ouchi, Forbidden City), Imperial City or Inner City, and Outer City (Guo); There are two walls in Fucheng: Zicheng and Luocheng. The castle is divided into: the city of three miles, the country of seven miles: the inner city is called the city, and the outer city is called Guo. The three-to-seven ratio between the inner city and the outer city is a common pattern in the Warring States period and belongs to a smaller city. Taking small towns as an example, it shows that the weather is not as good as geographical location, not to mention the benefits of big cities. The city of three miles, the country of seven miles from: "Mencius Gongsun Chou", the weather is not as good as the geographical position, and the geographical position is not as good as people. The city of three miles, the country of seven miles, was invincible when attacked by the Lord of the Rings. If the husband attacks it, he will get the right time; However, if you don't win, it's better to be in the right place at the right time. The city is not high, the pond is not deep, the army is not strong, and there are not many meters; Entrusting it to others is not as good as human harmony. Therefore, the people in the territory do not take the border, the country does not take the risk of mountains and rivers, and the benefits of the world do not take the benefits of war. Those who gain the Tao help more, while those who lose the Tao help less. When there is little help, relatives will be there; Help more, and the world will be at peace. Take advantage of the world and attack their relatives; Therefore, if a gentleman does not fight, he will win. ("Mencius Gongsun Chou")
There are two forms of battlements: