Establishing the spatial database of geo-ecological environment of Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration is the design requirement of the project "Comprehensive investigation, evaluation and sustainable development research of geo-ecological environment in Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration area". The construction of geological-eco-environmental spatial database of Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration involves geology, environment, hydrology, minerals and other majors, involving many units and data that need to be put into storage. In order to guide and standardize the construction of database projects, this guide is specially prepared. The workflow from data sorting and format conversion is standardized, the final submission result is defined, and the filling of metadata is specified in detail. This guide has a guiding role in the construction of spatial database of Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration.
Second, the scope of application
This guide is applicable to the construction of geological ecological environment spatial database of Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration.
Three. Compilation basis and reference standard
1. National and industry standards
Gb/t2260-1999 administrative division code of the people's Republic of China.
Gb/t17798 ——1999 geospatial data exchange format
GB/T 13923—92 Classification and Code of Basic Land Information Data
Gb/t17766-1999 classification of solid mineral resources/reserves.
Classification and numbering of national basic scale topographic maps.
Classification code of geological and mineral terms
Gb/t 9649.16 ——1998 classification code of geological and mineral terms-mineral deposit science.
Dz/t0197 ——1997 digital geological map layer and attribute file format
2. Departmental standards
GX 199900X-200X Guide to Provincial Mineral Resources Planning Data Files of the Ministry of Land and Resources Advanced Classification Coding and Naming Rules of Land and Resources Information
Database standard of mineral resources reserves of Ministry of Land and Resources
Guide to spatial database work of China Geological Survey, version 2.0.
Construction standard of spatial database of geological and ecological environment in Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration (Trial Draft)
Fourth, the database framework design
1. database requirements analysis
Shandong Peninsula Urban Agglomeration Database is a spatial database system based on Arcinfo platform, which is developed on the basis of the research results of "Ecological Environment Geology of Shandong Peninsula Urban Agglomeration". Its overall goal is to store and manage the data, information and maps of the research results of the "Eco-environmental Geology of Shandong Peninsula Urban Agglomeration" project, and provide query services, so as to provide a basis for the spatial layout management, planning and decision-making, major project construction and sustainable economic and social development of Shandong Peninsula Urban Agglomeration. In order to achieve this overall goal, the demand for database construction should include the following aspects:
1) For the storage and management of data such as project achievement diagrams, it is necessary to establish a spatial database that meets the requirements.
2) Provide the management, inquiry and display of the research results of eco-environmental geology of Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration.
3) The ecological environment status and grade distribution of Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration are given.
4) Organize the thematic map of ecological environment of Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration, and intuitively put forward corresponding countermeasures and solutions for decision-making consultation.
(1) functional requirements
Through requirement analysis, the functional requirements of the software are obtained. In addition to the basic data input, editing and management functions, this system should also meet the following four requirements:
1) display and query the existing geological-ecological environment problems;
2) Analysis of the present situation of geological ecological environment quality;
3) Analysis and evaluation of the relationship between geological ecological environment and sustainable development;
4) Countermeasures and suggestions to keep economic development in harmony with geological and ecological environment.
(2) Performance requirements
The performance requirements of the database system are:
1) system has good stability;
2) Good expansibility;
3) simple operation;
4) Good portability;
5) confidentiality.
According to the demand analysis of the project "Comprehensive investigation and evaluation of geological and ecological environment and sustainable development research in Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration area", the basic maps and data involved in the database and the data of the project research are as follows:
1) basic geological map, using1∶ 200,000 geographical base map and simplified geological base map.
2) the results of each special preparation, including:
Regional geological map of Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration;
Satellite remote sensing image map of Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration area;
Comprehensive evaluation map of regional stability of Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration;
Evaluation map of land resources and environmental quality in Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration area;
Comprehensive evaluation map of mineral resources in Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration area;
Evaluation map of surface water in Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration area;
Groundwater environment assessment map of Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration area;
Distribution map of coastal geological disasters in Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration area;
Comprehensive evaluation map of ecological environment in Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration area;
Distribution map of geological disaster-prone areas in Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration area;
Countermeasures of geo-ecological and economic sustainable development in Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration;
Evaluation zoning map of crustal stability in Yantai area;
Analysis and evaluation map of geological ecological environment in Yantai area:
Ecological function zoning and eco-city construction planning map of Yantai area;
Zoning map of crustal stability evaluation in Qingdao area;
Evaluation map of coastal geological environment quality in Qingdao area;
Geological and ecological environment evaluation zoning map of Qingdao area.
3) Attribute data;
4) written report;
5) Thematic map data.
2. Database system architecture
According to the above analysis of database requirements, combined with the current project requirements and funds, the system architecture adopted is as shown in figure 12- 1.
Figure 12- 1 database system architecture
This project uses ArcGIS Desktop to build a system platform to realize the storage and management of defined spatial data and non-spatial data. The core of the system adopts GeoDataBase architecture. In the background, all GIS information, such as maps, data sets, models, metadata, services, etc. , organized and managed by ArcCat-alog application module. ArcToolBox tool completes data processing such as data conversion, overlay processing, geocoding, statistical analysis and projection transformation.
Clients use customized ArcMap to display, analyze and edit data. In addition, the extension module of Arc-GIS can realize efficient visualization and analysis of spatial data. Use ArcGIS Spatial Analyst to display and process raster data. See figure 12-2 for an example of ArcGIS Desktop system platform.
After the system database is completed, if the data needs to be shared and published in the later stage of the project, the combination of ArcIMS and ArcIMS can be used to realize the data sharing of the B/S framework.
Figure12-2 Performance Example of ArcGIS Desktop System Platform
3. The system function of database system function software is divided into two parts: basic system data management function and professional application extension function. According to the demand analysis, determine the functions of each part.
1) Basic functions: including system management, data input, editing, query output, data processing and graphic symbol library management.
2) Extended functions: including status display, analysis and evaluation, sustainable development evaluation and decision support. The functional modules of the system are shown in figure 12-3.
Figure 12-3 System Function Module Composition
4. System software platform
In the research of this project, combined with the actual work of investigation and evaluation research project, ArcGIS software of American ESRI company is selected as the GIS software platform for database development, and considering the actual situation of each special research unit, MapGIS is selected as the electronic map drawing software. After summarizing the MapGIS digital maps submitted by various special research units, the MapGIS format data are converted into ArcGIS format data, and the research results are loaded into the unified geological-ecological environment spatial database of the project. The ArcGIS software platform selected for this project includes ArcGISDesktop, ArcS-DE, ArcIMS and other components.
5. Hardware platform selection
In addition to the principle of system platform selection, hardware selection should also be considered from the following aspects:
1) Hardware performance: it can meet the operation requirements of the system software platform;
2) Compatibility with other hardware: various hardware devices can work together;
3) Compatibility with software: it should be compatible with operating system, database software or other application software.
The hardware environment of the system can be constructed by using the existing computer hardware and adding the required hardware appropriately.
6. System implementation steps
(1) system design
1) overall structure design: mainly refers to the design of the relationship between subsystems in the system.
2) Description of each subsystem or sub-functional module of the system: Each functional module should be divided into levels of software units, and the description should be clear to meet the needs of coding, compilation and testing.
3) System external interface design: complete the detailed design of system external interface and software unit.
4) Data structure and database design: mainly refers to the design of planning data organization and expression.
5) Interface design: mainly refers to the operation interface design of the application system.
6) Software and hardware design: mainly refers to the design of the system software and hardware operating environment.
7) Detailed plan of system unit test: including test set, test cases and test steps.
(2) Software programming
Complete the writing of program code and the establishment of database.
1) According to the requirements of software design specifications, compile the program code with programming tools and complete the test of the program code.
2) Complete the data construction according to the requirements of the database standard and database construction specification of Peninsula urban agglomeration project.
(3) System integration and testing
Complete system integration and testing, generate practical system, and write user manual.
1) system integration.
2) System integration test. The steps of integration test are as follows:
(1) Formulate the integration plan and integration test plan of each unit, module and subsystem of the system, including test requirements, steps, data and timetable; (2) Write system integration and test documents; ③ Carry out system integration and integration test as planned, correct mistakes and retest until the design requirements are met; ④ Write a test report.
3) Write the user manual.
Five, data warehouse workflow
Workflow is mainly used to guide the method and process of planning database data storage. See figure 12-4 for the data warehousing process of the project database.
Figure 12-4 Data warehousing process
1. data collection
It mainly includes data and achievements involved in projects such as drawings, tables and written materials.
2. Data preprocessing
Data preprocessing is a systematic analysis, research, comprehensive arrangement and screening of data on the basis of comprehensive collection.
3. Preparation of database documents
It mainly refers to the preparation of documents needed for database construction, mainly the preparation of data sorting record table and property card filling table, as well as the setting of pattern symbol library, line type library and color library for MapGIS drawing.
4. Data acquisition
Data acquisition mainly includes the input of maps, the establishment of hierarchical files and the input of attributes.
5. Data collation
The main contents of data collation include: checking data stratification, renaming hierarchical files, adding new layers, adjusting some geographical, geological and planning thematic attribute structures, adding some attribute tables, and collating additional documents. After completing the above work, you should fill in the metadata collection form and complete the metadata entry. Finally, all files should be named in a standardized way.
6. Spatial data format conversion
According to the unified requirements of project database construction, the results and data of each subproject completed under MapGIS platform need to be converted into ArcInfo format.
Six, data quality monitoring
1. Quality monitoring system
The project undertaker and the implementation unit shall establish a perfect quality monitoring system for planning database construction, and formulate corresponding systems.
(1) Self-inspection and mutual inspection
Establish a complete self-inspection table, and all operators shall conduct 100% self-inspection during the library building work, and correct the problems found in the self-inspection in time. On the basis of self-inspection, the project leader will arrange other operators to conduct more than 60% cross-inspection, and truly and completely record the results of cross-inspection and modification.
(2) Sampling inspection
After each drawing is completed, the project is responsible for extracting 10% for inspection to ensure that all inspection contents meet the quality requirements.
(3) Regular inspection
Strict inspection should be carried out on the results of each stage of database construction, such as the inspection of graphic elements after scanning vectorization of drawings; Check the consistency of primitives and attributes after attribute entry.
2. Data quality monitoring
(1) spatial data quality check
The quality check of spatial data is mainly to check the quality of the content on the result map. All layers in MapGIS and ArcInfo formats should be checked item by item, including the accuracy of nesting, topological structure, standardization of naming, correctness of layering, integrity of data, correctness of attribute table structure, correspondence between primitives and attributes, accuracy of attribute codes, etc.
(2) Quality inspection of drawings
Drawing inspection refers to the inspection of the drawing content of the submitted result data map, and the mistakes should be revised and improved in time until they are accurate.
(3) Data quality inspection of data table
It refers to checking the correctness of non-spatial data table and spatial attribute data table, checking the consistency of data structure, and checking the completeness and correctness of planning implementation related content against the planning text.
(4) Document inspection
Data document inspection is mainly to check whether the data documents such as texts, research reports, compilation instructions and schedules required by the database are complete and the contents are correct, and whether the contents of metadata collection tables and warehousing data meet the requirements.
3. Data quality monitoring indicators
The total error rate of the above contents is less than 2%, in which the error rate of primitives (including points, lines, surfaces and comments) is less than 1%, and the error rate of attributes (including characters, codes, ID number correspondence, records, etc.) is less than 1%. ) less than 2%. When the error rate is greater than these two values, layers, schedules and documents are lost, and the correct metadata collection table and warehouse data are not submitted.
Seven. Data submission requirements
1. Submission format
Result map: MapGIS format, including engineering, layer and system library files.
Documents: including compilation notes, research reports and other documents (in Word and Html format). Tables: Access and Excel formats.
Metadata collection table: Word format.
Step 2 submit the form
The serial data storage medium is an optical disk. Before submitting the results, a comprehensive anti-virus check is needed to ensure data security.