Technical points of water supply and drainage construction in 1 building
1 Key points of installation technology. 1 water supply pipeline
First, fix the riser on the external wall with a fixed pipe clamp, and connect it to the room from the kitchen or bathroom. If the building is high or in a cold area, the riser can be located in the bathroom or kitchen, and the pipeline should be kept consistent from top to bottom. In order to prevent corrosion, it should be covered with moisture-proof, anticorrosive and fireproof plates. Do a good job of pipe connection. Pipeline connection methods include flange connection and threaded connection. When using threaded connection, check whether the die is in good condition and installed correctly before the pipe thread is completed, and ensure that the center of the triangular claw on the back of the torsion plate is a little bit over. Ensure that both ends of the pipe are flat when processing, and pay attention to controlling the cutting amount when cutting to avoid problems such as crooked teeth and rotten teeth.
1.2 key points of drainage pipeline construction technology
Drainage pipes mainly discharge domestic sewage, and the pipes used generally include cylindrical tile pipes, plastic drainage pipes and clay pipes. At present, PVC pipes are mainly used for water supply and drainage. When using this pipe, the joint should be bonded with adhesive, and the joint should be cleaned before bonding. The use of adhesive should match the socket. After the joint surface of the socket is coated with adhesive, the pipe should be inserted into the socket within 5- 15 seconds. Coordinate elevation, verticality of riser and bending error of horizontal pipeline are allowed during the installation of drainage pipe, but the centering error should be guaranteed within the specified range.
In order to avoid the blockage of the drainage pipeline, before installing the pipeline, it is necessary to know the impurities in the pipeline, ensure the smooth flow of the pipeline, select the matching drainage fittings and ensure the slope of the pipeline. If the B-type pipe is installed on the riser according to the needs of the building structure, an inspection port should be set on the upper part of the B-type pipe to facilitate future inspection. When installing the drainage pipeline, the riser shall not be connected with the buried drainage pipe for the time being, and the pipe at the inspection port of the riser shall be inserted into the end by means of tray foundation, and the riser shall pass through the hole in the second floor in time, and the temporary support shall be removed after the riser is reliably fixed. Drainage pipe irrigation test should be carried out before drainage pipe construction. If the drainage flow is slow during the drainage process, it means that the branch pipe is blocked, and the garbage and sundries in the pipe should be removed in time.
2 building water supply and drainage construction quality control points
After defining the important technical points in water supply and drainage pipeline construction, it is necessary to clarify how to ensure that there are no quality problems in each technical point, and pay attention to strengthening quality control before and during installation.
2. 1 quality control before construction
Strengthen prior control, control the quality of materials used in water supply and drainage pipeline construction, strictly control the materials entering the site, and identify the advantages and disadvantages of materials through sampling inspection and experiments, and prohibit inferior materials from entering the construction site. Achieve coordinated operations, phased control and supervision. Project technical engineers should check the construction organization design in the construction preparation stage, focusing on professional projects. For the subcontracted works, the technical level and management level of subcontractors shall be controlled, and the review results shall be submitted to the project manager for review. At the same time, strictly review the construction drawing and make technical disclosure of the construction drawing to ensure the professionalism of the water supply and drainage project.
We should pay special attention to the key construction stages. In the process of water supply and drainage pipeline construction, the key construction stages are generally the basement, the first two layers of standard layer, the conversion layer and so on. The construction of these stages lacks continuity and is generally in the initial stage of construction. The project is complex and changeable, and it is prone to confusion or mistakes in water supply and drainage construction. Especially in the basement pipeline construction, the basement space is limited, but there are more equipment and pipelines, which are more prone to mistakes, leaks and leaks. At this time, we will carefully check the drawings with the engineers and carry out the construction in strict accordance with the drawings.
2.2 Quality control in construction
Quality control in the construction process is the key stage of the whole quality control. The main control points are the position and size control of reserved holes and embedded parts, steel casing control, etc. By strengthening spot welding, the steel sleeve is fixed on the steel bar to ensure that the steel sleeve exceeds the floor height of the building. Check whether the rigid and flexible waterproof casing are buried accurately, and see whether the diameter, wall thickness, material and size of the casing meet the design requirements. When measuring, professional construction engineers should carry out measurement and recheck. In the process of self-inspection, in order to ensure the accuracy of data, it is best to improve the deviation accuracy by 50% on the basis of regulations. In addition, anti-corrosion treatment should be done for buried pipelines to ensure that the basic position and size of equipment are consistent with the size of pipelines.
3 analysis of common problems in water supply and drainage construction
3. 1 Pipeline leakage
The leakage of water supply and drainage pipeline in water supply and drainage construction is caused by many reasons: First, the unqualified pipeline material, sand holes in the material and unqualified steel pipe elbows will all lead to the leakage of water supply and drainage pipeline in construction projects. Second, the construction reason is that the material management of water supply and drainage construction personnel is not strict, the sealing work at the pipeline interface is not strict, and the construction personnel even miss the glue sealing work at the pipeline interface.
3.2 Pipeline blockage
During the interruption of pipeline installation, water supply and drainage workers failed to effectively protect the pipeline. When leveling and cleaning the ground construction waste, some sundries enter the pipeline through the impact of water flow and gather at the tee and elbow of the pipeline, causing pipeline blockage. This requires cutting off the supply pipeline and replacing the pipeline. When designing the sewage pipeline, the diameter of the designed pipeline is too small, and some small sundries such as cloth strips and rice grains enter the sewage pipeline, which leads to poor drainage and blockage of the sewage pipeline. There are also some construction workers who will not wind strong hemp fiber at the joint of galvanized pipeline when winding hemp fiber. Once the hemp fiber enters the pipeline, it will lead to blockage. The design water consumption of the pipeline is calculated incorrectly, and the appropriate pump head and water supply pipe diameter are not selected, resulting in insufficient water pressure.
3.3 The quality of construction personnel needs to be improved.
With the development of science and technology, the application of science and technology in contemporary water supply and drainage construction has become a lot, and the specialties involved have also become refined, which requires that the water supply and drainage constructors of building projects must have professional construction techniques. Every technical operation must meet the established requirements of construction operation, and also meet the coordination of other aspects of construction operation. At present, some construction workers do not take into account the construction technical problems, especially in those cross links, which leads to problems in the quality of water supply and drainage construction of building projects. If water supply and drainage workers do not effectively master the new construction technology, it will also cause problems in water supply and drainage construction quality.
4 optimization countermeasures for common problems in water supply and drainage construction
4. 1 Ensure the quality of pipeline materials
Ensure that the quality of water supply and drainage materials meets the material procurement standards, and the purchased pipeline materials should meet the requirements of national standards, and strictly check the quality of pipes to ensure the quality and reliability of pipeline materials. The material of water supply and drainage pipeline directly affects the overall quality of water supply and drainage construction, and the quality must be guaranteed from the material. During the construction and installation of water supply and drainage pipelines, it is necessary to explain the specific location of pipeline installation to other types of work to avoid damage to water supply and drainage pipelines by other types of work. If PPR water supply and drainage pipeline is installed, it is necessary to prevent the elasticity of pipeline material accordingly.
4.2 Optimization countermeasures for pipeline blockage
First of all, in the process of intermittent installation of water supply and drainage riser, the nozzle is wrapped tightly with sacks, and the pipe cover is covered with wooden boards to keep the pipeline clean. When installing water supply and drainage pipes, they should be installed according to the requirements of drawings and the actual situation on site. If the pipe diameter is not suitable, design changes should be put forward in time to strengthen construction guidance and management. It is necessary to find out the cause of water supply and drainage pipeline blockage. When construction waste enters the water supply and drainage pipeline, the water supply and drainage pipeline should be replaced in time. If the water supply and drainage pipeline is blocked due to system reasons, find the blocking situation by layers and partitions; In case of pipeline blockage in use, professional machinery should be used to dredge the pipeline. In the case of insufficient water pressure, preventive management should be carried out during the construction drawing review, and the adjacent buildings should be investigated to obtain relevant information and data.
4.3 Reasonable control of progress
Water supply and drainage construction progress control refers to the reasonable construction progress division of the overall construction goal before construction. This division should be predictable and take into account the influence of related factors. Implement the progress plan according to the requirements of the construction contract, and don't disregard the construction quality of water supply and drainage for the time limit. According to the water supply and drainage construction plan, coordinate personnel, machines and materials to ensure the completion of the overall construction objectives. Water supply and drainage construction control can be subdivided into weekly plan and monthly plan, so as to complete the plan ahead of time and leave room for future plans. When the construction project department carries out water supply and drainage construction, it is clear about the responsibility of the project leader. According to the phased objectives of the total project subdivision, be responsible at all levels and implement them in all construction links.
4.4 Strengthen quality supervision
Conduct special quality inspection on water supply and drainage construction at least once a week. We should also consider the actual situation to carry out targeted construction quality inspection, and then turn the inspection results and opinions that need rectification into testable words as the basis for performance appraisal of supervision departments, such as inspection records. It is also necessary to decompose the quality responsibility of the whole water supply and drainage construction into multiple parts, and then pass the decomposed responsibility to the subordinate departments, so that the supervision department can conduct quality spot checks on the water supply and drainage construction according to the regulations, and the quality hidden dangers found should be rectified in time. For the engineering department, the supervisor should participate in the weekly inspection of the supervision department and the daily inspection records of the construction unit. In the process of water supply and drainage construction, according to the standard implementation plan, strengthen the inspection of construction quality to prevent problems in construction quality. Inspection work should be comprehensive and targeted, and internal inspection should be combined with external inspection. In order to better complete the inspection work, the inspection department needs to sign and confirm after the inspection. Problems in daily inspection should be dealt with as soon as possible.
4.5 Improve the quality of construction personnel
In the daily water supply and drainage construction process of building engineering, it is necessary to strengthen the education of construction personnel, which can make the whole water supply and drainage construction team have a strong quality concept and improve the construction personnel's understanding of wrong construction technology. Carrying out lifelong responsibility system will combine the quality of drainage construction with the interests of relevant construction personnel, so that each construction personnel can better improve their sense of responsibility for construction quality. Before construction, technical requirements are put forward to the water supply and drainage construction personnel by means of technical disclosure, so that the construction personnel can understand the minimum standards of construction technology and master the key points and difficulties of construction.
The water supply and drainage construction system of building engineering is complex, and there will be many problems in the construction, which will affect the construction quality of the whole water supply and drainage and bring economic losses to the construction unit. This paper analyzes the problems existing in water supply and drainage construction, and takes corresponding optimization countermeasures to control and prevent them, so as to ensure the quality of pipeline materials, scientifically solve the problem of pipeline blockage, reasonably control the construction progress, improve the quality of construction personnel, and ensure the completion of the whole water supply and drainage construction project.
The above are collected and sorted by Zhong Da Consulting Company.
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