Since the 1990s, with the acceleration of human society entering the information age, the Internet has moved from being mainly used for scientific research and publishing simple information to commercialization. Merchants and users hope that the Internet can bring him greater benefits from different angles, and users' demand for Internet applications has also undergone fundamental changes. In recent years, Internet-based e-commerce is in the ascendant and has gradually become an important part of Internet commercialization. This paper introduces what e-commerce is, the development status of e-commerce, analyzes the key problems and possible risks in developing e-commerce, the role of the government in e-commerce, and the development prospect of e-commerce in China.
First, what is e-commerce?
The word "e-commerce" is probably the most frequently used in all IT media in the past year or two. As the name implies, e-commerce refers to all participants completing any form of commercial transactions electronically, rather than through physical exchange or direct physical contact. "Therefore, we can think that e-commerce actually includes both macro and micro aspects. From a macro perspective, e-commerce refers to the establishment of a new economic order through electronic means, which involves not only electronic technology and commercial transactions themselves, but also finance and taxation. Education and other aspects of society; Microscopically, e-commerce refers to various entities with commercial activities (production enterprises, commercial enterprises and financial institutions). Government agencies, personal sources, etc. ) use the internet and advanced digital media technology to carry out various commercial and trade activities.
It is generally believed that e-commerce at present mainly includes three categories: one is electronic trade between enterprises, that is, EDI through the Internet, the other is online shopping, that is, online shopping; Third, it refers to online information services, including e-government.
Second, the development status of e-commerce
If 1996 is the year when e-commerce was born, then 1997 saw that it gradually learned to sit up, and 1998 further learned to walk and hobbled into the mainstream consumer market. Then experts say 1999 is expected to be the year when e-commerce will finally take off.
According to OVUM, Internet e-commerce is developing rapidly all over the world. On average, its trading volume will double about every nine months. According to the forecast of the inter-12-department federal e-commerce project team co-chaired by the US Department of Administrative Services and the Department of National Defense, by the year 2000, the annual transaction volume on the global network will reach10-200 billion US dollars, and the market of Internet e-commerce will reach 450-600 billion US dollars. It is estimated that by 2002, domestic Internet e-commerce will exceed 300 billion US dollars. At the beginning of 1999, the latest statistical results brought exciting news to the world: according to the forecast of Forrester research, the online transaction volume between enterprises in 1998 reached 43 billion US dollars, which was several times higher than its earlier forecast. Therefore, Forrester research has to re-understand the development of global e-commerce and estimate the enterprises in five years from 1997. This evening, Forrester Research also predicted that in 2003, e-commerce transactions between enterprises will account for 9% of the total transactions, reaching $654.38+$0.3 trillion. According to IDC's forecast, the global Internet e-commerce scale will reach 950 billion US dollars in 2002, including 51800 million US dollars in the United States. At present, financial industry, commercial retail, transportation and media industry are the fastest growing areas of e-commerce.
On the other hand, from the business development trend and income of enterprises, Internet e-commerce undoubtedly has great vitality. A market survey in the United States shows that among the 500 enterprises published by Happiness magazine, 565,438+0% of their business income is realized through traditional communication networks such as telephone and fax, but through lute. The net amount accounts for only a small part of trade activities. But by the year 2000, the biggest medium for doing business will be the Internet, and the income from trading through the Internet will rise to 42%, while the business volume through traditional communication will gradually decrease. It can be seen from here that the new trade operation mode of Internet e-commerce has a far-reaching impact on enterprises. According to experts' prediction, 1999 will be the year when e-commerce will finally take off. Although business owners and analysts warn that there are still many thorny problems to be overcome, he still predicts that online shopping should expand the potential that began to appear last year. Experts predict that Internet retail websites may turn losses into profits this year. Online retail companies with high efficiency and good service reputation will stand out and become the leader in the e-commerce market, getting rid of the loss stage.
Taking the American Internet stock market in the fourth quarter of last year as an example, the composite stock price index of Nasdag stock market, which is dominated by high-tech stocks, rose as high as 29.45% this quarter, which reflects that investors are still optimistic about the emerging e-commerce market prospects. Among them, Amazon.com, a leading book and record retailer on the Internet, is a rookie in the stock market, and its share price has been rising again and again. Not long ago, Amazon's market value was as high as about $20 billion. In contrast, Roebuck & Co, whose turnover is four times that of Amazon, has a market value of only $/kloc-0.7 billion. Why can Amazon, which has not turned a profit, make investors full of confidence in it? Analysts pointed out that the company's good service reputation and Zhoumen's confidence in the future development of e-commerce are the basis of its success.
Therefore, at present, the governments of the United States, the European Union, Japan, Singapore and other countries are optimistic about the new continent of e-commerce. It is generally believed that the development of e-commerce will be an important driving force for the development of the world economy in the next quarter century, and its role in promoting the economy will be no less than that of the famous industrial revolution 200 years ago.
E-commerce will become the driving force of global economic growth in the 2 1 century because of its efficiency and accuracy. It can not only improve the productivity of enterprises, but also open up the prospect of service trade. Most importantly, the online world allows small and medium-sized enterprises that have been in a weak resource to explore the global market. It is more challenging than in the past to keep the whole career ahead.
Three, the development of e-commerce is facing key problems and possible risks
1, security issues
The vigorous development of the Internet has greatly opened the door to e-commerce. However, there are still many practical problems in developing e-commerce through the Internet. How to do business online quickly and safely, and completely dispel Qin Chuan's doubts, the key is to solve the security problem. Because the security and reliability of the whole e-commerce system determine the success or failure of e-commerce activities. E-commerce security technology includes many aspects, but mainly includes three aspects: data security (data encryption), transaction security and payment security.
2. Laws and regulations.
As e-commerce is a brand-new commercial form, it also triggers a new conflict, that is, the conflict between e-commerce and traditional commerce. Traditional business form is a very mature form of business activities, with a complete legal system, and has been recognized by governments around the world, providing an effective legal basis for countries around the world to protect regional trade. With regard to Internet e-commerce, at present, except for the United States, which has formulated some corresponding laws and regulations, other countries have not made rapid progress in this regard. Especially in international trade, there are many problems, and it is a powerful guarantee for the healthy and rapid development of internet e-commerce to formulate more perfect laws and regulations as soon as possible. Judging from the current research situation, the international legal framework of e-commerce generally includes the following parts: laws and regulations in the financial field: mainly to prevent the loss of funds through the network, how the government can effectively control the flow of funds;
Laws and regulations in the commercial field: At present, the focus of this debate is mainly on how to protect the legitimate rights and interests of consumers and the taxation of e-commerce. As e-commerce is a brand-new business form, it will encounter many new problems in safeguarding consumers' rights and interests. Without the recognition and support of consumers, the e-commerce market will be difficult to develop. However, the tax issue of e-commerce has always been a very complicated issue, and now it is generally acceptable that the tax is neutral;
Intellectual property laws and regulations in e-commerce: including patents, domain name rights and a series of other issues.
In addition, legal issues in e-commerce should also include anti-fraud, international civil litigation, the conflict between freedom of speech and privacy, the effectiveness of electronic contracts, etc., all of which need to explore and establish relevant international standards and legal norms.
3, e-commerce development lags behind the possible risks.
With the increasing popularity of e-commerce activities, more and more people begin to talk about the opportunities and profits that e-commerce will bring to them, but experts believe that e-commerce may bring new risks while providing opportunities to people. 1999. Two recent studies in the United States believe that due to e-commerce activities, cyclical economic turmoil may occur more frequently and the degree will be further aggravated. According to the British weekly New Scientist, researchers from IBM pointed out that as consumers buy more and more goods through the computer network, they will increasingly be called "software agents" to choose the best price. However, most of the transactions through "software agents" are real-time and not limited by geographical distance, so some restrictive factors that control conventional economic behavior often do not work for these "software agents". These "software agents" will aggravate market turmoil and may also trigger a disastrous price war. At the same time, after the implementation of e-commerce, large-scale capital allocation can be completed in a short time, and the government may completely lose control over it, and the traditional economic theory may no longer be applicable. At present, some countries in the world are stepping up their research on this issue and studying new economic theories to adapt to the development of e-commerce.
Fourth, the role of the government in e-commerce.
The government undertakes a lot of social, economic and cultural management and service functions, especially in regulating the operation of market economy. In the era of e-commerce, when enterprises apply e-commerce to business virtualization, banks realize financial electronization, and consumers realize consumption networking, they will also put forward new requirements for government services and management behavior. Because without a certain degree of management, e-commerce can't develop so fast, and trading activities without rules will be very dangerous. However, in the future, the functions of the government should gradually change from management to service, and the role of the government in e-commerce is mainly reflected in the following aspects:
Formulate laws, regulations and policies to standardize the development of e-commerce from a macro perspective;
Manage and coordinate the development of national e-commerce;
Serve and promote the development of e-commerce;
Consumption promotes the development of e-commerce.
Five, China electric power enterprise development prospects.
The concept of e-commerce has not been introduced into China for a long time, but the development momentum is gratifying, and an e-commerce boom has been set off all over the country. In China, because the network construction and application are in the initial stage, the degree of financial electronization is not ideal as a whole, and the implementation of e-commerce will take some time. At the same time, due to the differences in China. The consumer services of various cards between different banks have not been fully connected, and the lack of awareness of surfing the Internet, the lack of online information resources, and the difficulty in effectively ensuring information security have seriously restricted the progress of e-commerce in China. Through research, we believe that in China, where the foundation of e-commerce is still relatively weak, the following key problems must be solved to meet the arrival of e-commerce era;
Accelerate enterprise informatization and urge enterprises to consciously surf the Internet. At present, most Internet users in China come from schools and scientific research institutions, while corporate users do not surf the Internet in large numbers. In particular, many large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises simply have no time to take into account enterprise informatization and go online to perceive the wonderful world outside. The enthusiasm of enterprises to surf the Internet is not high, which is reflected in the fact that there are very few users of some private networks.
Solve the security problem of information and let users know fairly well. As we all know, the confidentiality of trade secrets is very complicated, and many foreign countries have special requirements for information security and confidentiality. Who is responsible for the information security and confidentiality system in China? How to manage? Many people are at a loss as to whether there is an orderly management method.
To create a good business standardization environment. In order to ensure the smooth progress of online transactions, banks, enterprises and users need to cooperate closely. At the same time, it is necessary to transform the internal environment of the enterprise and make its internal workflow procedural and standardized. Here, the promotion of financial institutions is crucial.
Establish a network information resource library. Whether enterprises or ordinary users, what they care about most on the Internet is not only security, but also efficiency. There is an urgent need to establish a rich and constantly updated information base. Only by investing a lot of manpower and financial resources can we ensure a steady stream of useful information.
In short, e-commerce is the general trend, and we can't miss the opportunity because the current basic environment is not ideal; There is no need to blindly follow up regardless of national conditions. However, it is very necessary to update ideas, fully understand the potential of e-commerce, make good preparations in laws, regulations and technology, and gradually carry out pilot projects. For example, the security of online transactions bears the brunt, and it is impossible for us to copy foreign ones. Then it is very important to develop your own network security technology, and the research and development of these technologies can promote the development of the information industry and create opportunities for the comprehensive promotion of e-commerce.
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