Pangu and Huang San (also known as emperors) probably include Huangdi, Huangdi, Ren Huang, Ghost, Sui Renshi, Fu, Nuwa, Shennongshi and so on. ) are the mythical times of the Chinese nation. Although the mythical era is full of all kinds of strange nonsense, there is also a lot of information about human civilization-Pangu symbolizes the beginning of the universe, Suiren's drilling for fire represents the discovery of fire and cooked food, secluded nest represents the nesting era, Fu represents the fishing and hunting era, and Shennong represents the coming of the farming era.
Our mythical era is full of magnificent imagination and tenacious fighting spirit.
The period of the Five Emperors means that the Chinese nation has entered an era of doubt-although it is not a history of faith, it has already had a vague imprint of faith. Sima Qian's Historical Records began with Records of the Five Emperors, in which Huangdi was the first, so generally speaking, the era of Huangdi was regarded as the beginning of the history of Chinese civilization.
There are six opinions about the Five Emperors, among which 1 is more common.
How to make outrageous records in the age of myth and doubt will not cause any controversy and doubt, because no civilization in human history can escape from this stage, but the times of belief and history are different.
The era of trust in history refers to the era when there were words or unearthed cultural relics to record the social situation at that time, the most important of which was words, so there was controversy. We in China claim that Chinese civilization has a history of 5,000 years, but the West denies it (this is neither strange nor indignant, anyway, even if we say that they are not bastards, we should habitually oppose it first), and only admit the history after Shang Dynasty, thinking that the Xia Dynasty did not exist before that, and even if it did, it was not a history of trust.
In fact, whether it is Erlitou site, Jiahu site or Longshan site, historians have excavated a large number of cultural relics and characters (or literary symbols), which is enough to prove the existence of Xia Dynasty. Today, we will briefly talk about that strange and vague history because it is far away.
The former is the jade with Xia seal, and the latter is Oracle Bone Inscriptions of Shang Dynasty.
The origin of the Xia dynasty. The "Five Emperors" in the Chuanyi era did not refer to the number of monarchs, but to the representatives of outstanding leaders of clans and tribes at that time. Regardless of the arguments of later generations, we think that the monarch inherited and implemented the clan abdication system for the time being.
After Shun Di's death, Yu won the unanimous support of the governors because of his achievements in water control and his love for the people, and then became the son of heaven. Yu's real name was once named by Shun Di, with the word Si (homophonic with "four"), and his hometown was Xia, and his capital was Yangzhai (now Yuxian County, Henan Province);
"Yu Xia, called life. Yu's father's name is Gun, Gun's father is Emperor Zhuan Xu, Zhuan Xu's father is Changyi, and Changyi's father is Huangdi. Yu, the great-grandson of the Yellow Emperor and the grandson of the Emperor Zhuan Xu ... Shun Di recommended Yu to the Emperor of Heaven as his successor. In seventeen years, Emperor Shun collapsed. After three years of mourning, the sons of Yu Ci Bi Shun are all in Yangcheng. All the princes in the world ran to see Yu. Yu Sui is the son of heaven, the southern dynasty, the country name, and the surname. " ("Historical Records Xia Benji")
Just look at the maps before Qin and Han dynasties, but you can't take them seriously.
The establishment of Xia Dynasty: JUNG WOO Sanmiao and Tu Lishanwei.
After Yu proclaimed himself emperor, he invited and other sages to preside over the court affairs, while encouraging agricultural development and production, rectifying social order and enacting strict laws. According to historical records, Yu once traveled around the world. In fact, his main purpose was to conquer Sanmiao and establish a strong position among the princes.
Sanmiao is the "four deadly sins" of Jiang, which is juxtaposed with Huan Dou, Gong Gong and Nian after Yan Di Jinyun. It is an ancient tribal group that began to appear in the era of suspicion and fought endlessly with the tribes in the Central Plains. When Yu Jian was in Xia Guo, Sanmiao probably lived in the Yangtze River valley:
"Wuqi said: Sanmiao Kingdom, left Dongting, right Peng Li ... The son of heaven is in the north, Dongting is in the west, and Peng Li is in the east. Today, Jiangzhou, Ezhou and Yuezhou are also the land of three seedlings. "("Historical Records, Justice, Biography of Five Emperors, Volume I ")
More than 4,000 years ago, the hometown of most of us still belonged to the territory of "Siyi".
So lucky. When he planned to conquer Sanmiao, he probably just caught up with the latter's natural disasters such as earthquakes and floods. Yu took the opportunity to carry out sacrificial activities, flaunting himself as a destiny: "There are a group of people who listen to me, not just children, who dare to talk nonsense. Fools have young seeds and are punished by heaven. Give them an order and there will be young seeds. " ("Mozi" Volume 4 "Sixteen Loves") So his army's morale was greatly boosted and he defeated the Sanmiao tribe, which has been threatening the civilization of the Central Plains since the Yao and Shun era:
"Three Miao chaos in the past, destiny withers, demon night out, rain and blood dynasties, Longsheng Temple, dogs crying around the city, Xia Bing, land and spring, grain changes, the people cheered up. Levin was ordered to go to the palace, and he was ordered to attract young plants by heaven, and he lured them with electricity, so that they had human faces and bird bodies. If Jin convinced them, they predicted that Miao would be lucky, Miao Normal University would be chaotic, and then several of them. Today, there are three seedlings left. How to grind them into mountains and rivers? Everything else is extremely clear, but God and the people do not violate it, and the world is at peace. Then there are seedlings. " ("Mozi, Volume 5, Non-attack Nineteen")
As for imposing authority on governors, it mainly refers to the Tushan Conference.
After the establishment of Yangzhai, the capital, the leaders of Xia and Siyi tribes were called to a meeting in Tushan (now Bengbu, Anhui). Historically, all countries have jade and silk (big countries have jade and small countries have silk). Although the records in the history books are exaggerated, they also prove that Yu's voice and prestige are far superior to those in the Tang Yu era:
"As for the meeting of heaped-up mountains, the governors bear the interest of Tang Yuzhi, and there are also all the people. According to Shan Hai Jing, Yu's envoy started from the East Pole, and as for the West Depression ... within the four seas, it is 28,000 miles east and west, 26,000 miles north and south, 8,000 miles water, 8,000 miles water, 5,350 miles famous mountains and 64,556 miles. There are 467 Tongshan and 3690 Tieshan. Financial use, more frugality, less luxury. " ("The Book of the Later Han Dynasty, Li Xian Note, Record, Nineteenth County and Country One")
Moreover, it is said that in order to establish prestige, Yu not only killed the late leader of Fang Fengjia, but also ordered Zhu Jiuding to be placed in Yang Zhai as a symbol of his status as the master of Kyushu.
Although Gong Yu was written under the guise of later generations, Kyushu, Gong Yu is undoubtedly the basic disk of Chinese territory.
The Tu Shan Conference was widely regarded by later generations as a landmark event in the establishment of the Xia Dynasty.
Starting from Yu's son Qi, the system of succession of imperial power was established. Later, he died in Huiji Mountain on the way to Dongdu, and his assistant minister was easy to be in power for a short time. However, it is said that the governors all miss Yu's achievements and don't want to see profit, so they elected Yu's son Qi to succeed to the throne as the son of heaven. From then on, the father died, the son became the orthodox system inherited by the past dynasties, and the clan abdication system completely ended:
"Ten years, the emperor royal east inaugural tour, as for the records and collapse. Benefit the world. After three years of mourning, the son of Yu enlightened and settled in Jishanyang. Yu Zi is a clever man, and the world is very interested in it. And collapse in, although the benefits, the benefits of shallow, out of touch with the world. So the governors all went to benefit and began to pray, saying,' My emperor is also the son of Yu'. Therefore, Mike Sui is the son of heaven and is for the emperor Xia Hou. " ("Historical Records Xia Benji")
However, this process is obviously not as popular as described in history books. Shortly after Song Huizong ascended the throne, some Hu families refused to accept it and fought with Song Huizong. This is the famous Battle of Gan:
"War in gansu, called six qing. The king said, "Oh! People who have done six things will swear to tell you that some Hu Shi threatened with five elements, neglected the three rectifications, and died with Heaven. Now he will be punished for only respecting heaven. If you don't attack the left, you don't respect you; If rights don't attack rights, you just don't respect them; Resistance is wrong and disrespectful. Repay ancestors with life; If you give your life, you will be killed in society. If you give your life, you will be killed. " ("Shang Xia Shu Shu Shi Gan")
The result of this war is to "destroy the Hu family and make the world salty." (Historical Records of Xia Benji) So Qi stabilized his rule, which was officially called "Xia Houqi"-the monarch of the Xia Dynasty was called the emperor after his death.
The Battle of Gan was a decisive battle that laid the historical foundation of China's 4,000-year dynasty.
The turning point of Xia Dynasty-the loss of Taikang and the prosperity of Shao Kang. Qi died after nine years in office, and Zi Taikang acceded to the throne. However, this guy Taikang is not interested in Tian Zi. He likes hunting. He hunted for 100 days and didn't come home. So in the land of Dongyi, a poor warlord Hou Yi (not the guy who shot at Japan) took the opportunity to rebel. However, Tai Kang, who couldn't beat Hou Yi, was forced to move his capital to Zhuan Xu (near Gongyi, Henan) and was enfeoffed to his younger brother Zhong Kang, who was enfeoffed to Xiangzi, who had moved his capital to Shangqiu, Henan.
These emperors in Xia Dynasty moved their capitals around endlessly, not because of luxury, but because of despair-although it is clearly written in the history books, it is easy to see that this was the result of being chased by Hou Yi all the way, and at this time, Hou Yi actually seized the power of Xia Dynasty, which was called Hou Yi's generation of Xia. However, this guy is not a good bird. Like Taikang, I like hunting when I am not serious. As a result, he was killed by his cronies Han Zhuo:
"You rely on its good shooting, not civil affairs, adultery Tanaka beast, abandon its good minister Wu Luo, Xiong Yi, Li, and believe Han Zhuo. Han Zhuo, the son of Boming, abandoned it after Boming and thought it was his own. Han Zhuo was killed in Taowu and cooked to eat his son. " ("Three Notes on Historical Records, Volume II, Xia Benji II")
Since then, Han Zhuo has killed Xiang and usurped Xia. The unification of Xia Dynasty was almost cut off in less than one hundred years from Yu to Xiang. However, at this critical moment, Shao Kang, the greatest figure in Xia Dynasty in the past 500 years, was born.
Shao's process of rehabilitation was brilliant, full of blood and intrigue.
Shao Kang is Xiang's posthumous son, and his mother is You. On the way to escape, you also gave birth to Shao Kang (now Jining, Shandong). When Shao Kang grew up, he came to Yu Di (now Yucheng, Henan Province) to escape Han Jue's pursuit. Yu Si, the leader of the Youyu family, made Shao Kang the official in charge of catering, and married his two daughters to Tian Yicheng (1% in the local circle 10) and Shao Kang's first brigade (500 soldiers 1 brigade). Later, Shao Kang started from this 1 1 brigade, contacted Xia, who was fleeing everywhere, subdued the scattered people of the tribes such as Zhuguan and Zhuxunshi, and developed his own armed forces. Then, "Nu Wa Ai's spy poured water, which made Ji Yi seduce her, and then destroyed her, which was the work of Ge Ge and Fu Yu" (Zuo Zhuan Ai Gong Yuan). Nu Wa Ai was a sister, not only the earliest female spy in China, but also the first female spy recorded in the world, where Shao Kang's son sent Han Zhuo undercover. Ji Shu, the son of Shao Kang, cheated another son of Han Zhuo to death. It can be seen that in the process of restoring the country, Shao Kang adopted many cunning means of defeating the strong with the weak, which was bound to be full of hardships and dangers.
Han Zhuo was defeated and captured, and died in the middle of the year. At this point, the poor family in Dongyi, which was almost destroyed by the Xia Dynasty, was completely finished, and the Xia Dynasty was restored to the country, which was called "Shao Kang Zhongxing" by later generations.
The symbol of blooming flowers in summer-September 1st came to Korea. Shao Kang later passed on his son's expression and then passed it on to his bosom. After Huai acceded to the throne, Jiuyi people came to North Korea.
Jiuyi people are uncivilized and backward tribes such as Yi, Fang Yi, Bai Yi, Chi Yi, Xuan Yi, Feng Yi and Yang Yi who live between Sishui and Huaishui. Naturally, they will not worship Xia Hou for no reason, which must be the result of conquest by means of war. This is the most glorious era of Xia dynasty, which shows that their power has expanded to the east China sea coast. From the Five Emperors to the Miao, Li and other alien rivals of the Chinese nation are all located in the west of the Central Plains. After conquering Miao and Li, they conquered Jiuyi, indicating that the Xia Dynasty also achieved a decisive victory in its eastward development, and the glory of Shao Kang Zhongxing reached a climax.
Because of Huaidi, later generations often used Sophora japonica as a symbol of Xia Dynasty.
Sophora japonica symbolizes the Xia royal family, and Dihuai is also known as Difen-this name tells us that the era of his rule is the "Sophora japonica era" in the Xia Dynasty, which is the most gorgeous and fragrant season of flowers in the Xia Dynasty.
Prosperity and Decline-From the Summer Rebellion of Confucius' Family to the Tyranny of Xia Jie. Kong Jia, the first14th monarch of Xia Dynasty, was promiscuous, which led to chaos in China. The prestige of the Xia royal family was gone, and the princes defected in succession, which led to the collapse of the Xia government. In Guoyu Zhou, there is a saying that "the Confucius family rebelled in the summer, and four generations fell". After three generations, the Confucius family was defeated by the country.
Is the name green laurel strange? But his posthumous title is very famous-Jie Li, which is called in history.
The ancients may be lazy-the descriptions of unruly behavior are highly similar.
I am violent, heartless, arrogant and extravagant. Legend has it that he loves Xuan, the daughter of Youshishi, and Wan Heyan, the two daughters of Minshan. Build a palace yaotai, make a wine pool and a meat forest, and kill loyal ministers and close the dragon body. A surname made him cry to the end of his life, but he didn't listen, so he died in his career.
Shang was a vassal of the East, surnamed Zi, who lived from Bozhou, Anhui Province to Shangqiu, Henan Province today. Since Kong Jia lost his virtue, the leaders of Shang Dynasty have been looking for opportunities to intentionally expand their power. Since the extermination of the Shang Dynasty, the power has gradually developed and expanded. By the time the Lord was king, Shang was already a big vassal state with the strength to compete with Xia.
After the death of Lord Gui, his son Cheng Tang succeeded to the throne as Shang Hou, with Shangqiu as its capital, and began a greater expansion. Many governors rebelled against Jie and surrendered to Tang Dynasty. If they disobeyed, they sent troops to crusade, which finally attracted the attention of Jie Li. So, in the twenty-second year of Jie, he was called into the palace and imprisoned in the summer terrace. However, Yi Yin and Zhong You around saw that Jie was a greedy and lecherous man who bribed many treasures and beautiful women. Short-sighted Jie let go happily, which caused great panic among the ministers. "The princes rebelled against the soup and paid tribute to 500 countries on the same day." ("Taiping Yu Lan, Volume 83 Enlightens the Imperial Century")
Put soup, yin and Ji Chang-are the ancients so gullible?
Because of this humiliating experience, the determination to destroy Xia was strengthened, and troops were quickly assembled to destroy the lonely country, Kunwu and Kunwu loyal to Xia, and tribute was stopped to test Jie's reaction. However, the test results are not ideal. Valerian mobilized the army of Jiuyi to attack the merchants, and Cheng Tang immediately saw through cowardice, resumed tribute and confessed, thus eliminating Valerian's wariness.
However, Jie's capricious and brutal rule finally made 91 lose confidence in him and no longer obey his command. The long-awaited opportunity to become soup has finally come.
In BC 1666, he swore an oath to cut the summer and fought Jie in Mingtiao (now Anyi, Shaanxi) and won. Jie fled to the southeast, chased him, finally caught him, exiled him to Nanchao (now Chaohu, Anhui), and died of depression three years later.
The battle of singing ... watching the battle of Makino, there is nothing wrong with it.
This is the first time in the history of our country that a dynasty change was initiated by nobles, which was called "Tang Cheng Revolution" in history. Xia Dynasty, the first dynasty in the history of China, was born in 14, 17 and died in 47 1 year.