Drying is an ancient and common operation. However, it is also the most complex and least understood technology. In many aspects of drying technology, we know what it is, but we don't know why. Drying involves a wide range of areas of the national economy. Almost all industries, from agriculture, food, ceramics, chemicals, food, pharmaceuticals, beverages, feed, fertilizers, seeds and other industries to pulp and paper, wood processing and other industries, are dry. Drying is an operation with high energy consumption. In the total energy consumption of various industrial sectors, the drying energy consumption ranges from 4% (chemical industry) to 35% (paper industry). Developed countries, such as France, Britain and Sweden. According to the data, up to 12% ~ 15% of industrial energy consumption is used for drying. In 2008, the total energy consumption of China's GDP was 2.74 billion tons. According to reports, China's drying energy consumption accounts for about 12% of the total energy consumption and consumes 328.8 million tons of coal, but it is bound to increase rapidly in the future. In the proposal of the 11th Five-Year Plan, the energy consumption per unit GDP is required to be 20% lower than that at the end of the 10th Five-Year Plan (66 million tons of coal is equivalent to the annual output of 6 large coal mines or 66 medium-sized coal mines10 million tons), so it is very important and meaningful to reduce the energy consumption for drying.
Recently, the demand for product quality has aroused people's interest in drying technology production. Because the quality of many products depends on drying, expensive drying process is usually needed to obtain high-quality products. In addition, high yield, new technology, safe operation and environmental impact should also be considered. Energy saving and emission reduction will further promote the improvement of drying energy efficiency. There are many kinds of equipment in the drying industry, and most of them use hot air convection drying. The design of the dryer is not ideal, especially the low energy utilization rate, high exhaust temperature, low humidity, low drying efficiency, high energy consumption, high cost and low economic benefit. Hot air convection drying equipment is a traditional drying equipment in industrial and agricultural production, which is widely used for drying various industrial and agricultural products. The high energy consumption of drying equipment has always been the bottleneck restricting the development of drying industry. High energy consumption drying equipment is difficult to popularize and use, which directly affects the output and product quality of industrial and agricultural products. For example, the tunnel dryer uses hot air to dry, and the heat energy utilization rate is low, only 30%-40%. The heat energy utilization rate of various drying equipment using indirect conduction and radiation combined heating is 60-80% higher than that of hot air convection dryer, but its utilization of heat energy is only simple. Due to the large energy consumption of the original drying equipment, especially the rising energy price in recent years, the demand for developing a more efficient drying system will also rise, and this new drying system also determines the quality of dried products.
The drying process is not friendly to the environment, and the pollution degree can not be ignored. Over 3/4 of the most widely used drying equipment is hot air drying. The environmental pollution of such equipment mainly comes from the heat source of drying equipment, and most of them are coal-fired boilers or hot stoves in small and medium-sized enterprises, and most of them have no desulfurization and reliable dust removal equipment. Not only the thermal efficiency is low, but also the pollution is serious. Thermal efficiency of many coal-fired hot stoves
Improving the energy utilization efficiency in the drying process and preventing environmental pollution are complementary. It is reported that reducing the energy consumption of 1 100 million tons of standard coal can reduce the emission of 64 million tons of CO2 and SO4 in China, and the environmental protection effect is very remarkable. The new "carbon tax" (depending on the amount of CO2 released into the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels) will further promote the improvement of dry energy efficiency.
The development of new technology must be based on the adaptability and gradual improvement of the current main design methods. This is not an easy job, it is based on a comprehensive understanding of contemporary drying technology. We hope to realize some "revolutionary" drying technologies now-not based on traditional drying methods. With the increasingly fierce global economic competition, it is necessary for countries to increase rather than reduce their investment in research and development. It is necessary to develop innovative technologies, reduce costs, improve energy efficiency and protect the environment, which are not only used in drying operations, but also used in other industrial processes.
Multi-effect energy-saving drying technology content; According to the laws of thermodynamics; We believe that energy will neither be produced out of thin air nor disappear out of thin air. It can only be transformed from one form to another, or transferred from one object to another. During the transformation or transfer, its total amount remains unchanged. In the process of drying and heat transfer, heat energy changes from high temperature to medium temperature and low temperature. The innovative drying heat transfer technology makes the heat energy be used many times in the form of high temperature heat energy, medium temperature heat energy and low temperature heat energy, which solves the problem that the drying equipment only uses heat energy once and greatly reduces the heat energy consumption of the drying equipment.
Multi-effect energy-saving drying technical scheme;
1, multi-effect energy-saving drying technology adopts combined drying, and two or more drying equipment are used in series.
2. In the first drying process, hot air above 180C enters the heat transfer tube of the sealed drying bin to heat and dry the materials. Because the material to be dried is in a controllable closed state, its water vaporization temperature is100-10c, and the cooled hot air in the heat transfer tube and the high-temperature water vapor in the drying bin are moved out of the drying bin by the induced draft fan and mixed, and then enter the secondary drying bin.
3. Those who leave the first drying oven >: 1 10C high temperature and high humidity gas enters the heat transfer tube of the secondary drying bin to heat materials. Because the dry material is in a controllable closed state, the pressure
4. The medium-temperature gas in the heating pipe of the secondary drying bin is led out to the return air pipeline through the induced draft fan, enters the heating system, and is recycled after heating. The 85C saturated steam in the secondary drying bin is communicated with the heating pipe inlet of the tertiary drying bin through the elbow outlet pipeline. Because the dry material is in a controllable airtight state, the pressure
5. The outlet of the horn tube in the third-stage drying bin is connected with a condenser, and the condenser is connected with a vacuum pump. The saturated water vapor at 65℃ in the drying bin enters the condenser through the pipeline for condensation, and then the condensed water is heated to.
6. The above innovative drying technical measures make the total energy consumption of new drying equipment 20-30% of that of traditional drying technical equipment, and the fixed assets investment of multi-effect energy-saving drying technical equipment can be recovered within 100-200 working days.
Zhengzhou Feihang Vacuum Drying Technology Co., Ltd. participated in the major scientific research projects undertaken by Zhengzhou Research and Design Institute of the State Grain Reserve Bureau, and applied for more than a dozen invention patents and utility model patents. After six years of laboratory test and production test of large, medium and small equipment, the major technical problems of high quality, energy saving, environmental protection and safe drying have been basically solved. More than a dozen invention patents and utility model patents that have been declared and authorized have both overall technical protection and component protection, covering the following contents: 1 Drying bin with high heat exchange area/volume. High air tightness and wear resistance air cut-off device for vacuum low temperature drying. Simple and practical continuous vacuum system. Fourth, supporting an efficient heating system. The above conclusions have been evaluated by relevant experts and tested by professional institutions, which is the international leading technical level. The main technical achievement of the above dozens of invention patents and utility model patents is that they save energy by 50-80% compared with the existing drying technology and equipment. With the further implementation of the national energy conservation and emission reduction policy, and the enhancement of the awareness of energy conservation and emission reduction and environmental protection of enterprises and all citizens, it will be widely used. If 50% of the patented energy-saving and environmental protection drying equipment can be used in the drying equipment, based on the total energy consumption of China's GDP in 2008 of 2.74 billion tons, China's drying energy consumption accounts for about 12% of the total energy consumption and consumes 328.8 million tons of coal. For example, the coal consumption can be reduced by 654.38+644 million tons, which is equivalent to three extra-large railway coal transportation trains with 50 million tons or 654.38 tons. In China, CO2 and SO4 1052 16000 tons can be reduced, and the environmental protection effect is very remarkable.
Energy conservation and emission reduction, starting from me.
With the continuous development of society, the modernization of industry, transportation and other industries is getting higher and higher, people's living standards are also constantly improving, and there is more material demand. On the one hand, these developments consume a lot of resources and energy, and many resources can't meet people's needs. For example, in summer, air conditioning consumes a lot of electricity, which often leads to overload of electricity, so it has to take turns to cut off power to ensure power supply; On the other hand, it also emits a lot of pollutants and destroys the environment. For example, wastewater from factories pollutes rivers, and greenhouse gas emissions lead to global warming. Social development is under pressure.
However, the current situation of energy use and pollutant discharge is unreasonable. Many resources are wasted and polluted, and the discharge of pollutants is often not controlled enough. We may not know much about the energy consumption and pollution emissions of factories, but we will find many problems from our daily life. Look at the following scene. Maybe they happen where you live: Scene 1: The faucet in the bathroom is dripping on the sink. A few hours passed, and a lot of water entered the sewer. Scene 2: In the evening, the family gathers in the living room, but the bedroom is lit. Scene 3: No one is using the TV and computer, but the standby indicator is flashing. Scene 4: A sanitary corner is full of domestic garbage, and there is a stench around it, and different kinds of garbage piles are together. Some of these practices waste resources and some pollute the environment. Under such circumstances, many people began to call for energy conservation and emission reduction, environmental protection and scientific development.
First of all, what is energy saving and emission reduction? As the name implies, it is to save energy and reduce pollution emissions.
Knowing the significance of energy conservation and emission reduction, let's talk about the most important and practical problems. How to save energy and reduce emissions? "Save water and electricity, save paper, treat waste water and waste gas ..." Many people will say so. Generally speaking, this is probably the case, but the specific implementation needs specific methods. For factories, environmentally friendly and economical equipment is essential. In our daily life, starting from every detail of life, the situation will be greatly improved.
Tell me some examples from my family life. In terms of water saving, we did it earlier. When brushing teeth, we only pour enough water. The exception is that there is always a big plastic bucket in the bathroom to receive water. Every time you wash your face, hands and feet, the water will be poured into this bucket and collected for flushing the toilet. The water used for washing vegetables and washing rice is relatively clean and can be used to water flowers. This way of using one water for multiple purposes seems insignificant, but in fact it can save a lot of water. I also learned a method in books and periodicals, that is, using special or homemade water-saving appliances. Dedicated, that is, bathroom appliances produced by professional manufacturers, such as toilets with different water consumption; "Homemade", such as putting bricks in the water tank of the toilet, so that less water is produced at a time when flushing, and more water is saved. Another thing we should also pay attention to is to prevent water pollution and use less products such as detergent and detergent. In other respects, I am most proud of the reasonable air conditioning at home. My family not only follows the reasonable air conditioning temperature of "winter 18, summer 26", but also sometimes increases the air conditioning temperature by 1℃ in summer, and seldom uses air conditioning in winter, which not only saves electricity, but also reduces the impact of using air conditioning on the environment. When using TV, computer and other electrical appliances, you should pay attention to the use time, and don't turn them on within half an hour after turning them off, because switching them on and off consumes the most power, and frequent switching of electrical appliances will shorten the service life of electrical appliances; When not in use, turn off the TV and computer completely, and don't let them stand by and have the same effect.
There is another aspect that is not easy to notice-reasonable shopping. What does this have to do with energy conservation and emission reduction? Nowadays, there are so many kinds of goods that many people can't help but buy something that is not very useful. Just like buying clothes, some people buy them when they see something good. As a result, many clothes are put in the closet, which is not used at all, and it is a waste of resources. How's the food? Pay attention to rationality when buying food. Buying more local products can reduce the delivery of foreign products, thus saving gasoline and diesel, reducing automobile exhaust emissions and protecting the environment. Buying more seasonal fruits and vegetables also helps to save energy and reduce emissions, because the cultivation and breeding of seasonal fruits and vegetables save a lot of resources compared with greenhouses, and many greenhouses also consume a lot of energy to grow out-of-season products. Also remember, buy things in moderation! If you buy too many things, it's easy to pile them up and use them up, which will lead to expired damage and waste a lot of things. In this respect, our family often wastes things, which is a negative teaching material. Everyone should take a warning!
Let's talk about examples in our study. We students deal with books, paper and pens every day. Don't forget, these are also resources! This semester, we started a trial measure of recycling books, which is to save resources. However, this measure has not been implemented smoothly. I see some students like to scribble on recycled books. I hope they can realize the importance of caring for books and correct their mistakes. Energy conservation and emission reduction are very important, which guarantees people's lives, protects the ecological environment and enables people to have a healthy and beautiful life. "Save energy and reduce emissions, * * * enjoy the blue sky", let's start from me, start from scratch, and let energy conservation and reduce emissions penetrate into every detail of life.
Investigation report on energy saving and emission reduction
At present, China is in a critical stage of accelerated industrialization and urbanization, with a large population and uneven development in various places, especially the current energy structure is still dominated by coal and oil. Therefore, it will be more difficult to solve the problem of high carbon emissions in a short time, and the pressure to reduce emissions will be enormous. In this case, implementing low-carbon administration, low-carbon production and low-carbon life may be the most suitable and immediate emission reduction scheme for China.
The energy consumption and carbon emissions of office computers are often ignored. According to a survey by Gartner, the most authoritative IT research and consulting company in the world, the cost of computers and their external devices accounts for almost 365,438+0% of the energy consumption of information and communication technology. Gartner mentioned in "Top Ten IT Strategic Technology Report in 2009"-Green IT that this is already a strategic technology, and its importance will not diminish rapidly. For the IT industry, green means everything, including reducing energy consumption, reducing fuel use and so on. Comments: China did not vigorously promote the green IT strategy until 2008. However, from the current point of view, this aspect has been done well. The most important thing is whether there is a concept of green management. Only when the management and decision-making levels generally have the concept of green management, then the application of green IT technology is obvious. If there is no concept of green management, then the role of green IT can be said to be minimal. According to authoritative data, the computer power consumption of government agencies accounts for 50% of the total power consumption of government agencies, and the government's annual power consumption is equivalent to the power supply of three nuclear power plants.
Now, there are a lot of computer energy-saving software on the Internet. Roughly divided into two categories:
One is to reduce computer energy consumption (also known as physical energy saving) by reducing computer CPU. Its disadvantages are obvious. You spend so much money on a high-profile computer, and you have to slow down the CPU in order to save energy. Are you sick?
The other is by controlling the idle time of the computer. But what can be downloaded for free online is mostly suitable for individual users, not for enterprise users. Disadvantages: 1 cannot be managed centrally. I often download it, only to find that my computer doesn't work, and there is no guaranteed source. Maybe it will be infected with a virus!
EventZero, which Gartner often mentions, has introduced a solution for office energy saving and emission reduction, Greentrac. One hour after the global power outage in March 2009, EventZero immediately launched the "Global Green Office for Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction". The solution is mainly aimed at enterprises and government users, and can be quickly and seamlessly integrated. It adopts the self-developed carbon tax theoretical framework model and high-end EDA, CEP and DMA technology platforms. Driven by the national low-carbon boom, they hope that more enterprises and countries can join the low-carbon office and make their own contributions to slowing global warming and saving the beautiful island country like Maldives and the whole planet.
Some minor changes in computer usage habits are enough to affect the whole world!
Investigation report on energy saving and emission reduction
-Changes in industrial sewage treatment
Investigation time: 165438+ 10/3-165438+2009128 October.
Survey object: a printing and dyeing factory in Kebei Economic Development Zone, Shaoxing County.
Investigator: King of Class 505
Survey background:
After living in Shaoxing for a period of time, you will often hear three special terms: "sauce jar", "dye jar" and "wine jar", because these three jars have been in Shaoxing since ancient times and have made great contributions to Shaoxing's economic development, which is a good thing, but behind these three jars, they have also brought troubles to people living in Shaoxing. As we all know, these three pools have been discharging sewage for many years. According to the elders, the clarity of rivers and ponds in the past decreased with the increase of these three tanks, and even a large number of dead fish floated on the water in some places, giving off an unpleasant smell. People are often worried about water use. This is the result of three pools, and the sewage they produce is discharged into rivers and pools, which affects people's lives.
Now as long as you walk around the river around the city and the river in the city, you will find that there is nothing like what adults say. There are green grass on both sides of the ring river, and ships come and go on the river, and sometimes there are one or two cruise ships. People on the cruise ship sit together, talking and laughing, enjoying the scenery on both sides of the ring river. In summer, people will swim in the river; The rivers in the city are also picturesque. On the evening of summer, people will sit by the river in twos and threes to enjoy the cool. Go to the countryside and have a look. The river is clear and there are few floating objects on the surface.
What adults say is far from what we see now. Shaoxing has the same three tanks. Why is the river clear now and the little fish are swimming happily? Is there no sewage discharge in the three-cylinder production now? Does their production have any influence on our life?
With these questions, under the arrangement of my father, I made a survey of the local * * * printing and dyeing factory. According to my father, Shaoxing now has the most dyeing vats. As long as we know how this vat works, we can imagine the other two vats.
Investigation process:
* * * The printing and dyeing factory is located in Kebei Economic Development Zone, Shaoxing County. According to my uncle, this factory mainly does processing, that is, people send white gray cloth and dye it as required. This factory now has 2 18 dye vats, and its dyeing capacity reaches 8000- 1 10,000 meters per day. This is a large-scale enterprise among similar manufacturers in Shaoxing county, with daily water consumption between 12000- 15000 tons. According to reports, 12000 tons-15000 tons of clean water will produce basically the same amount of industrial wastewater after each process in the factory. This first eliminates a problem, that is, there is still wastewater generated when the dye vat is running. So what is the waste water produced? Is it sewage as before? With the direction of the current, I visited one process after another. Finally, we came to a building near the back of the factory. When we first got there, we met a pungent smell, which was not found in the workshop. Just as I was covering my nose, my uncle who accompanied us introduced to me that this is the concentrated area of industrial wastewater in their whole factory. Because various pigments need to be added in the dyeing process of white gray cloth, when these pigments are mixed together, chemical reactions will occur and waste water will be produced, and these waste water contains toxins. They call this treatment area the reclaimed water reuse treatment station, which is a sewage treatment system that cost more than 20 million yuan to build. Approaching this reclaimed water reuse treatment station, a closer look shows that the sewage flowing out of the pipeline leading to the sewage treatment station is orange, red and black. It can be said that it is colorful and the stench is constantly erupting. Thus, what will happen if such water is discharged into rivers and pools? It is reported that they pumped the sewage from the dye vat to this treatment station through the pipeline. After the sewage is detected by the staff, a certain amount of chemical liquid is added for systematic treatment, and part of the sewage is converted into industrial water, which can be reused. After sampling by the Environmental Protection Bureau, if the rest meet the corresponding standards, they will be discharged from the main pipeline to Shaoxing Binhai sewage treatment terminal for treatment. At present, every printing and dyeing factory in Shaoxing county carries out sewage treatment in accordance with the requirements of the Environmental Protection Bureau, and can only enter the pipe network of coastal sewage treatment stations after reaching certain discharge standards. If a factory secretly discharges sewage into the river, it will be severely punished or even close the factory. The state has such a policy. No wonder printing and dyeing factories dare not discharge sewage into rivers and pools.
According to the survey, there are nearly 170 printing and dyeing factories in Shaoxing county, and the annual processing fee is more than 5 million yuan. If each factory has 60 tanks, it will produce 560,000-700,000 tons of sewage a day. It is conceivable that such a large amount will be discharged into the river. Therefore, I am anxious to solve the most concerned problem. Can the coastal sewage treatment station treat so much sewage every day? How did the water finally get out?
It takes about 20 minutes to drive from Kebei Industrial Development Zone to Binhai Sewage Treatment Station. When I entered the gate, I saw rows of willows, shaded by green leaves, and the roads were clean and tidy. After a while, several tall circular buildings appeared in front of my eyes. They are made of cement and surrounded by guardrails. If I want to go up, I must climb up through a small ladder. The car turned around at the sewage treatment station. Except for a few buildings and office buildings, all the others are planted with trees. If I hadn't explained earlier, I would have thought this was a park. After getting off the bus, I asked an uncle who came to receive us several questions one after another, and finally understood that those tall circular buildings were used to store the sewage discharged by various factories with sewage discharge in Shaoxing. After chemical treatment, the solids in the sewage settle down, and then the water is discharged into another pool for treatment. After that, after four treatments, it finally reached the national discharge standard, and the treated water was discharged into the national discharge standard. This series of operations are basically controlled by computers. Later, I also learned that the existing equipment of this sewage treatment terminal can handle 800,000 tons of industrial sewage every day, and the construction cost is as high as one billion. With such a huge processing capacity, it ranks first in the country.
Findings:
I found on the crane that the current printing and dyeing factories have a very high awareness of environmental protection, and they have spent a lot of financial resources to build their own reclaimed water recycling treatment stations. According to relevant data, the average environmental protection cost of each printing and dyeing factory is more than 3 million yuan. Although the one-time investment is relatively large, it is of great benefit to the future, which not only saves water resources, but also saves the water consumption of the printing and dyeing factory itself and reduces environmental pollution. At the same time, the state also attaches great importance to environmental protection and has promulgated environmental protection laws and regulations. Local environmental protection departments also conduct on-site inspection and supervision, and punish manufacturers who violate environmental laws and regulations. No wonder our rivers and ponds are clear now!
Energy saving and emission reduction, environmental protection, I believe our quality of life will be higher and higher!
The above contents are for reference! Zhushun!