20 10 national unified entrance examination for colleges and universities (Hubei volume)
Chinese
Precautions:
1. Before answering the questions, candidates must write their names and admission ticket numbers on the test paper and the answer sheet, and paste the bar code of the admission ticket number in the designated position on the answer sheet. Black out the box behind the B-type test paper on the answer sheet with 2B pencil.
2. Multiple-choice answers: After choosing the answer to the first question, use 2B pencil to blacken the answer number of the corresponding question on the composite card. If you need to correct it, clean it with an eraser, and then choose the label of his answer. The answers on the test paper and draft paper are invalid.
3. Non-multiple-choice questions are answered with a 0.5 mm ink pen and directly in the corresponding answer area on the answer sheet.
Candidates must keep the answer sheet clean and tidy. Please hand in this paper together with the answer sheet after the exam.
I. (15, 3 points for each small question)
1. The words added to the following word groups all have the same pronunciation.
A. Hold your breath and give up. Dylan is waiting for the candle.
B. orioles dance at dawn to sharpen their will
C. pioneers in camel hair stand out.
D. The next day, cruise the spillway and fly in Yixing.
2. Among the following groups of words, the one with typos is
A. twisted/wriggling/knotted rainstorm/lush grass
B. Marriage/karma, opportunity/opportunity, heart/heart.
C. mouth/mouth floating/floating, singing and dancing/singing and dancing.
D. intentions/assumptions/formulas are readily available.
3. Fill in the following words in the horizontal line in turn. Suitable groups are
The Taj Mahal was built by Shah Han Jia, the Mughal monarch, for his favorite concubine, the Taj Mahal. This is an Islamic building inlaid with jewels. Later, the Taj Mahal became a world cultural heritage. The same is true in today's numerous world cultural heritages.
A. Although the decoration of the mausoleum is unique.
B. Even if the tomb inlay is unique,
C. the decoration of the mausoleum is unique.
D. The decoration of the mausoleum is unparalleled in the world.
4. Among the following items, one that is not wrong is
A. Today's environmental protection technology not only does not waste resources and pollute the environment in the production process, but also ensures the clean and efficient use of products, and effectively recycles and reuses the waste after product use.
B once the souvenirs of a specific festival are determined, businesses and enterprises can design, produce and manage related items, and TV, newspapers, magazines and other media will have key publicity objectives.
C. Although some specialized courses we are studying now are unfamiliar to us and difficult to learn, I believe that with the help of teachers, as long as we work hard, we will certainly learn well.
D. The medical staff in a hospital lost the blood with HIV to patients without knowing it, which caused these patients to be infected with new diseases while the old diseases were not removed, resulting in serious consequences.
5. In the following items, the use of punctuation marks is always inconsistent with the regulations.
A. When I came to the middle of the bridge, the locust tree opposite shouted, "Get him!" Then, a few shadows jumped out and rushed at me. The bridge began to shake, so did my heart, and the "iron donkey" (heavy bicycle) began to shake.
B. He often plays the flute at night with a clear voice, blowing out moonlight, bamboo forests, beaches, cranes and so on. And all the depression during the day seems to be blown away by the wind in this flute.
C. However, today's "fans" are not much more demanding than in previous years: not only should they sign their names in books, notebooks, notes, schoolbags and student ID cards, but also their names and girlfriends' names.
D. Every time the fat old man picks fish from the fishing rod, he will glance at the thin old man out of the corner of his eye, as if to say, "Just hold on, great negotiator!" The thin old man only answered with clay silence.
Second, (12 points, 3 points for each small question)
Read the following text and complete question 6.
Ancient astronomy in China
Li zongdao
One idea of ancient westerners was that "the sky is round and the earth is round", but our ancestors thought that "the sky is round and the earth is round", including the ecliptic and the equator. More than 2000 years ago, the poet Qu Yuan said in his book Tian Wen that the sky is round and the earth is round. He said, "After nine days, shall we settle down? "? There are many corners, but who knows their number?
Nine days refers to the coordinates, namely Haotian (East), Sunny (Southeast), Hongri (South), Zhutian (Southwest), Quantian (West), Youtian (Northwest), Tian Xuan (North), Luantian (Northeast) and Tian Jun (Upper Middle School). One * * is nine coordinate positions. Qu Yuan said that if the sky is round and flat, it will intersect and become "the occasion of nine days". "Let Ann go?" Where do you put the intersection? "There are many, who knows the number?" The intersection of heaven and earth is obviously unreasonable. Therefore, the sky is round and the earth must be round. The sky is like an eggshell, the earth is like an egg yolk, and each can turn. So ancient astronomy in China is two circular orbits of equator and ecliptic.
He asked again: Is the sky round or elliptical?
East, west, north and south, which is more? Both north and south are ellipses. What is its derivative geometry?
Where east and west are longitude and north and south are latitude. He asked whether the longitude was longer or the latitude was longer. In fact, the equatorial diameter of the earth is 22 kilometers from the north and south poles. Of course, Qu Yuan didn't find it, but his ability to analyze problems and his speculation that the world is round are admirable.
"Zhou Li" said: "Give the sky with Cangbi and the land with Huangyan." The periphery of the wall is round, and there is a round hole in the middle, which represents the sky. However, why is it polite in heaven? The shape of the cluster is even more strange. The outside is square with a round hole in the middle. Why is it square outside? Why is Bi representing heaven and Cong representing earth? In addition, there was a kind of jade in Shang Dynasty called Xuan Ji, which looked like jade. What is the relationship between Bi and Cong? Yu Shu? "Shun Dian" notes: "Graceful, beautiful jade; For transshipment, the diameter is eight feet and the circumference is two feet and five feet. The king is a tool of astronomy. "
Xuan Ji is a huge astronomical instrument. The Xuan Ji jade we see today is only about 33 cm in diameter, which may be a model and a cultural relic of Shang Dynasty. So how did Xuan Ji make astronomical instruments?
Every star and planet has to turn around and walk in a circle. One thing that does not move on the big sphere is the intersection of the celestial sphere and the earth axis, which is called the positive pole. We can imagine that the predecessor of Bi and Cong may be a rotary astronomical instrument, whose purpose is to aim at the positive pole of this rotating shaft. How to achieve this requirement?
My guess is that if you want to set the positive electrode correctly, you must have a long tube. If the diameter of the turntable is 8 feet, the length of the tube should be about twice the diameter of the turntable, and the tube is facing the anode. Then make a big plate in the shape of Xuan Ji; There are three notches on the side, each of which is just opposite to a star, and the star rotates in the sky. This plate follows the stars, but the bamboo tube does not move. To determine the position of the anode, you need to aim the tube at the anode, then let the plate rotate with the sky and buckle the position of three stars.
Bamboo pipes must be tied to the ground with some big stones, each stone is square and about a foot high. There are big stones around the bamboo tube, so the ancient astronomical instrument of this shape has two parts: one is a plate similar to the great mystery, and its notch faces the star and rotates with the star surface in the sky to represent the sky; First, these long bamboo tubes tied by big stones are eternal and represent the earth. If a hole with a diameter of 2 mm is punched in one end of the bamboo tube with a very thin needle, the length of the tube is about 15 feet, and the accuracy of measuring the positive electrode classification can reach 0.0 13 degrees.
I also have an idea, that is, in the Shang Dynasty, there were no obvious stars on the anode. In order to commemorate the success of ancient astronomy in Yanhuang, people made the jade Xuan Ji. Later, Xuan Ji became simpler: part of it became jade, and bamboo tubes and big stones were turned into jade. Therefore, "the sky is the gift of Cangbi, and the earth is the gift of Huangyan".
(Selected from the inaugural issue of China National Astronomy, with some deletions)
Judging from the original text, the following explanation of the old concept "the sky is round and the earth is round" is incorrect.
A. For a long time, the ancients in China had the idea that the sky was round and the place was round, such as comparing the sky to an eggshell and the ground to an egg yolk, and thought that there were two circular orbits, namely the equator and the ecliptic.
B. East and west are longitudes, and north and south are dimensions. Which is longer, longitude or latitude? In the author's view, such a question itself shows that in Qu Yuan's mind, heaven and earth are round.
C. The wall is round, with a round hole in the middle, representing the sky, and the disk is square, with a round hole in the middle, representing the earth. The so-called "Zhou Li" can be proved by "the azure is a gift from the sky and the Huangyan is a gift from the earth".
D. The wall is round and can represent the sky, but it is square. How can it represent the earth? The author believes that Yan's square is specially added for decoration.
7. The following statement about China's original concept of astronomical instruments is in line with the original intention.
A. A long bamboo tube for aiming at the anode, and a turntable with three notches on the side is fixed on the long bamboo tube, and the turntable is shaped like a Xuan Ji. This is probably the most primitive astronomical instrument in China.
B. Fix a long bamboo tube on the ground with some square stones, and put a turntable with three notches on its side. This is probably the most primitive astronomical instrument in China.
C. The earliest astronomical instruments in China consist of two parts, one is a big plate with three notches on the side like the Great Mystery, and the other is some large square stones used to fix long bamboo tubes.
D in China's original astronomical instrument, Xuan Ji, from the perspective of direct observation of astronomical phenomena, those large stones used to fix long bamboo tubes are essential.
8. "Later, it was easier to be a Xuan Ji: part of it became a wall, and the bamboo tube and the big stone wrapped outside became a raft." The following understanding and inference of this sentence, the accurate one is
A Xuan Ji is a large astronomical instrument, in which the walls and valves are directly simplified.
B. Because walls and clumps are simplified, they all retain the function of observing the sky.
C. The wall representing the sky and the clump representing the land may all be simplified from jade scrolls.
D the walls and valves we can see today are all ritual vessels and ornaments made of bamboo tubes and big stones.
9. According to which two types of evidence did the author infer the concept of "the sky is round and the earth is round" of the ancient people in China?
Three. (9 points, 3 points for each small question)
Read the following classical Chinese and complete 10- 12.
Primitive disadvantage
[Song] Ouyang Xiu
Farmers are the foundation of the world, and so was Wang Zheng from the beginning. In ancient times, those who served the country did not dare to be careless, but now they are not officials. This thin book has just been broken. When they heard about the farmer, they smiled and said: contempt. The husband knows that it is urgent to change taxes to taxes, but he doesn't know that farming comes first. This is the end of politics. Knowing how to farm but not how to love is the only way.
In ancient times, politicians used to change their phases to help. Those who work hard under it are diligent, those who use things on it are restrained, the people are tired and the country is not expensive. Love it from above and give it from below, so as not to be trapped. The husband's supervisory power must fulfill his responsibility, and he must measure his income by the use of one day. One-year-old ploughing for the public and the people often has a surplus, so three years of preparation. This is not the case today, and the tiller no longer supervises his power; Users, no longer count their access. Farming at the age of one is only enough for the public, and food for the people is only enough for a few months. What's more, just after finishing field work, you can eat chaff and chaff, or pick acorns and livestock roots to prolong winter and spring. Unfortunately, when there is a drought, the pillow is hungry. What a pity!
National strike, 33 years old. Used soldiers die of old age, but later people have never heard of the golden drum and know how to fight. Born with nothing but food and clothing, you have to be arrogant and lazy. Today, in the dead of night, the guards can't hold the quilt and let people hold it; Soldiers are forbidden to give food,
Hire someone to pay, not pay. So arrogant, is he willing to take pains to fight? It enables soldiers to endure hardships and fight, although it consumes farmers, it is also possible. Soldiers have a hollow reputation, but in fact they are arrogant and useless.
In ancient times, all people grew up in Nanmu, and the gap in agriculture taught them to fight. Today, this is a big difference. When fierce, state and county officials measure their length, test their strong men and recruit them as forbidden soldiers. Secondly, those who are not as large as people and have less courage will become soldiers. Many officials are rewarded, while poor people are contended. So once the famine is fierce, only the old and weak stay in Nanmu. Officially, if you don't accept being a soldier, you are afraid of being a thief. Hey! If you know that you don't steal for a while, you don't know that you are arrogant and lazy all your life. In ancient times, strong people were willing to plow, old and weak and lazy; Today, the grown-up people are lazy, and the old and weak stay in the fields. What is the opposite? However, if people try their best to live in Nanmu, they may not be able to feed on dogs, but if they go to be monks, soldiers, live and work in peace and contentment, and live a good life, the number of people in Nanmu will decrease day by day. Therefore, those who have attractive disadvantages are called the foundation.
(Selected from Ouyang Wenzhong's public anthology, with deletion)
10. The explanation of the added words in the following statements is incorrect.
A. Then smile at each other: contemptible: despicable
B: Just now.
C. Or picking acorns and vegetable roots to prolong winter and spring: "storage"
D. Taking him as a soldier's nationality: registration
1 1. In the following statements, all that shows that we don't pay attention to the adverse consequences caused by agriculture are
(1) One-year-old farming is only enough for the public, and the people only eat for a few months.
Unfortunately, there was a drought and the pillow was hungry.
(3) Being born with nothing to do but plenty of food and clothing, you have to be arrogant and lazy.
(4) In case of a fierce age, state and county officials test their length and test their strong men.
(5) The number of people in Nanmu will decrease day by day.
6. Therefore, those who have attractive disadvantages are called the foundation.
A.①②⑤ B.①③⑥ C.②④⑥ D.③④⑤
12. The following analysis and summary of the relevant contents of the original text are incorrect.
A. The author thinks that agriculture is the foundation of the world, and it is not advisable for those in power to only use people's resources without cherishing them.
B. By comparing the ancient and modern governance, the author reveals the tragic experience of farmers in the Song Dynasty under the serious violation of their interests.
C the author thinks that since the armistice, the soldiers are old, so the task of transporting rations has to be completed by hiring others.
D the author points out that tall and strong people don't farm, while old and weak people work in the fields and sometimes eat pig food and dog food.
Four. (24 points)
13. Translate the underlined sentences in the reading materials of classical Chinese in question 3 into modern Chinese. (10)
(1) It was not an official today, but the book was broken. (3 points)
(2) The helmsman no longer supervises his power; Users, no longer count their access. (3 points)
(3) If you know that you don't steal for a while, you don't know that you have been arrogant and lazy all your life. (3 points)
14. Read the following Song Ci, and then answer this question.
Magpie fairy? Chinese Valentine's Day; Qixi Festival
Chengda Fan
Tonight is a good time for the cowherd and the weaver girl, and the couples who meet are too lazy to be busy. Lonely immortals should be jealous: beautiful moon sister frowning bright eyebrows, aunt wind blowing abnormal wind and rain.
Meeting in a hurry, getting together for a short time is too good, and the sorrow of parting is burnt. The joy of meeting each other is not worth the long sadness, but it adds new sadness to taste.
Pay attention to the controversy: how.
(1) As for the meeting of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl on the bridge, between the lines, it is said that "the new love is not worth the old sorrow, but adds new sorrow to go home", while Qin Guan said that "if the love lasts for a long time, it will be there sooner or later". Please briefly analyze the differences of emotional emphasis expressed by the two. (4 points)
(2) There are many contrasts in the artistic expression of this word. Please give two examples to appreciate the work. (4 points)
Fill in the blanks. (6 points) ③
(1) Hungary's _ _ _ _ _ _ work "I want to be a torrent" eulogizes pure love.
(2) Sun Li's Chronicle of Baiyangdian is regarded as the representative work of "_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _" school of modern and contemporary literature in China.
(3) China's classical poems are good at lyricism, such as: "The sun and the moon suddenly do not drown, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _." (Qu Yuan's Li Sao)
①
"_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _, people love Akiyama." (Tao Yuanming's Return to the Garden). "_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
② ③
(Li Qingzhao's Slow Sound) "_ _ _ _ _ _" The Central Plains looks like a mountain in the north. "(Lu You's Book Review).
④
Verb (abbreviation of verb) (18 points)
Read the following text and complete the question 16- 19.
In March, when the flowers were in full bloom, I went south to Yangzhou.
Xiong zhaozheng
Yangzhou was called Guangling in ancient times, and people also called it Weiyang. Before the Qing Dynasty, Yangzhou was always known as the hub of North and South and the famous country of Huaizuo, because it was close to the Grand Canal. According to today's geographical concept, Yangzhou is in northern Jiangsu, not in the south of the Yangtze River. But the ancients came by boat from the north, and when they entered Yangzhou, they felt Jiangnan psychologically. Jiangnan is bounded by the Yangtze River. In this sense, Yangzhou is not Jiangnan, but located in the south of Huaihe River, which is a land that is neither south nor north. Yangzhou's humanistic atmosphere and landscape are all near the south and far north. Du Mu's poem in Yangzhou, "Twenty-four Bridges on a Moonlight Night, Where do Jade People Teach Xiao", is by no means a situation that can be produced in the cold north. We all take it for granted that Yangzhou is in the south of the Yangtze River. It was not until we arrived in Yangzhou that we knew we didn't need to cross the Yangtze River. We didn't know the above until we came back to check the information.
(2) Yangzhou in history, from Sui Dynasty to Qing Dynasty 1000 years, was repeatedly killed by soldiers, but it did not hide its prosperous and splendid weather. Generally, a city, like a person, has different fates, good and bad. Yangzhou belongs to the category of "how difficult it is for noble people", but it can always regain its vitality after being ravaged. "Blessed if you live", used in Yangzhou.
It is also appropriate.
(3) It records the prosperity of ancient Yangzhou, and there are many classics, but the best one is Li Dou's Record of Yangzhou's Original Boat in Qing Dynasty. Hangzhou and Suzhou are paradise on earth, and there are more events worth recording than Yangzhou. However, Zhang Dai's Dream of the West Lake and Lu Gu's Leaning on the Bridge are not as good as Li Dou's.
④ The most desirable places in ancient Yangzhou are Xiaoqinhuai and Slender West Lake. Its prosperity, its beauty, its romance and its tenderness are all described in detail in Yangzhou Painting Boat. The name of the West Lake was borrowed from Hangzhou, and the name of Qinhuai was borrowed from Nanjing, but the word "thin" and "small" was added in front of it, which became the characteristic of Yangzhou. I have been trying to figure out the psychology of Yangzhou people. There are so many loud words in the world. Why do they prefer "thin" and "small"? These two words are used for people and things, and they are not taboo. We say that "this man is thin and small", which is a bit unfavorable for his reuse; Saying "he is good at small things" implies shortsightedness. There is a big trend now, whether it is to name the company or to attract investment for the project, the name has been raised. According to this principle, Slender West Lake can be called "Great West Lake" or "Golden West Lake", and small Qinhuai can also be called "China Qinhuai" or "Silver Qinhuai". In the ancient city of Yangzhou, although there are many businessmen who turn the stone into gold, the copper stink doesn't cover books. He is responsible for naming the landscape tower. He must be a scholar like Li Dou. These two names are the most intriguing: when the West Lake is thin, it has a delicate taste; Small Qinhuai, there will be a feeling of small jasper. In this way, the landscape has become a beautiful family, and Yangzhou City is particularly poetic.
⑤ If so, the topic goes back to "Fireworks in Yangzhou in March". Knowing the geography and history of Yangzhou, you will know when is the best season to go to Yangzhou. Because there is no red maple, and there is no magnificent winding peaks and valleys that match the red maple, it is of little significance to go to Yangzhou in autumn and go to old age. Du Mu said that "the vegetation in the south of the Yangtze River withered in autumn". Without withering, it doesn't mean losing vitality. "Song and Dance March" is different: the people in the water town on the bank of the willow, the Cao Jiang in the depths of the blue waves, the pavilions in the gardens and the boats in the temples are all shrouded in misty rain. At this time in Yangzhou, the outlines of those hard houses were softened by hazy rain and fog, and the fragrance of bluegrass flowers floated in the winding alleys. It turns out that the boat on the lake, the clock in the Buddhist temple, and every detail have made Jiangnan's articles to the extreme.
⑥ The phrase "Four hundred and eighty halls in the Southern Dynasties, with many pagodas in misty rain" describes the dreamlike aesthetic taste of us orientals. In Yangzhou in March, we can find this dream.
For this dream, I had the idea of setting off fireworks in Yangzhou in March. In 2007, I asked where I could rent a boat, invited two or three friends to set off under the Yellow Crane Tower, read poetry and draw pictures all the way, and listened to the piano and flute to Yangzhou. As a result, I was told that there is no waterway from Wuhan to Yangzhou. Later, it was found that starting from Hangzhou or Suzhou, Yangzhou could be reached from the canal. I'm interested again. I want my friend to find a painting boat. Things didn't work out, because although this section of the canal was clear, except for the merchant ships carrying goods, the sails of passengers had long since disappeared.
It suddenly occurred to me that it was completely impossible to visit Yangzhou in the Tang Dynasty by boat on the foggy river. The prosperity of Yangzhou is still there, but the romance of the Tang Dynasty is gone. If you are interested in enjoying today's vibrant Yangzhou, you can only drive by road.
16. One of the following statements is inconsistent with the original intention (3 points)
A. Compared with the cold and vast northern weather, the scenery in Yangzhou City is gentle and beautiful.
B. Although Yangzhou has experienced many wars in history, its prosperous weather has not been destroyed.
C. the misty and rainy Yangzhou city is full of poetry, which reflects the aesthetic taste of the orientals.
D. The author compares the past with the present and deeply praises today's vibrant Yangzhou.
17. The points added in the article are all famous sentences of Tang poetry. Please select two places and briefly analyze their functions in the structure of the article. (4 points)
18. The angle and language of the author's description of Yangzhou scenery are unique. Please enjoy it in conjunction with paragraphs 4 and 5. (6 points)
19. Why did the author say, "Yangzhou is still prosperous, but the romance of the Tang Dynasty is gone?" Please contact the full text for a brief analysis. (5 points)
Intransitive verbs (12 points)
Please write a scene according to Wang Wei's poem "Laundry Women Return to Bamboo". Requirements: ① Imagination is reasonable; 2 vivid language; ③ No more than 50 words. (4 points)
2 1. A research study group in a middle school held a reading exchange meeting on a dream of red mansions. The theme is Appreciation of Poems in a Dream of Red Mansions. Please write an opening statement for the host. Requirements: ① Stick to the theme; (2) Expressed appropriately and richly; ③ Don't write salutations and greetings; ④ No more than 60 words. (4 points)
22. Enjoy the cartoon "Low-carbon Life" ("Low-carbon Life" refers to a lifestyle with low energy consumption, low pollution and low emissions). Please copy the words in Figure 2 and Figure 3 and fill in the other two places. Requirements: ① Import screen content; 2 write two 5 words; (3) rhymes at the end of the sentence. (4 points)
Environmental protection residence with less fried food.
Less cooking fume and energy-saving lamp lighting
Seven. (60 points)
23. Read the following materials and write as required.
The Monkey King's somersault cloud and Nezha's hot wheels are the products of magical imagination, which embodies the beautiful desire of human beings to pursue rapid progress. Who would have thought that fantasy novel's "New China" in the late Qing Dynasty predicted that the World Expo would be held in Lujiazui, Shanghai more than 100 years later, and Verne's dream of "from the Earth to the Moon" was realized today? Fantasy originates from human job-hunting instinct and shows human extraordinary imagination. Fantasy drives reality, fantasy illuminates life and fantasy is the source of happiness. ...
Please choose a suitable angle and write a composition according to your understanding and experience of the above materials.
Requirements: Choose your own style and write your own topic (please write the topic on the answer sheet), not less than 800 words.
Language Volume B Page 8 (* * * Page 8)
(Excerpted from China's Notes, with deletion)