Yuan Shikai's life in Yangshou Garden is carefree and carefree. Yangshou Garden is like a paradise. Yuan Shikai's third brother, Yuan Shilian, resigned from Xuzhou because of illness, and Yuan Shikai took him to live with him in Huanshang Village. The two brothers sometimes go boating and fishing on the lake, and sometimes walk with crutches, play chess and chat. Yuan Shikai sometimes sings with several literati. Sometimes, in the banquet garden, I enjoy family happiness with my wife, concubines and children. I also invite Henan pendant and bangzi artists to perform in the garden from time to time, and I am very happy. Every New Year's Day or birthday, he would invite Tan Xinpei, Wang Yaoqing, Wang Huifang, Yang Xiaoduo and other famous Peking Opera singers to sing. At that time, his relatives and friends and relatives of Beiyang gathered in Huanshang Village, which was very lively.
Yuan Shikai's life in Huanshang Village and Yangshou Garden is colorful. In order to show that he is indifferent to fame and fortune, detached from things and completely secluded, he sent a photo of him and Yuan Shilian fishing on the boat, wearing a hat and hemp fiber, to Shanghai Oriental Magazine for publication. In fact, he pretended to show it to Manchu nobles. He assured them that Yuan Shikai had lost his fighting spirit and his influence on the political stage in China had disappeared.
The other side of Yuan Shikai's seclusion is that his political ambition has not diminished. He chose Zhang De as his future residence. Zhang De, located in the north of Henan Province, can cope with the imperial edict of the Qing court to "return to his hometown for illness". The transportation here is convenient, close to the Hanjing Line. Shi Jing in the north, Wuhan in the south, and Tianjin via Weihe River. Zhili in Beijing and Tianjin is Yuan Shikai's long-term business place and the sphere of influence of Beiyang Group. He lives in Zhangde, which secretly controls the former headquarters nearby. Later, when Wuchang Uprising broke out, Yuan Shikai came out again. With Zhang De as the center, the Beiyang forces were quickly concentrated, and it took only ten days to go south to the front line and form a cabinet in Beijing. This shows that he chose Zhang Dehuan's vision of going to the village. Relatives, old friends and subordinates who travel from south to north always stop at Huanshang Village. One is to listen to Yuan Shikai's teachings, and the other is to convey all kinds of information about the palace and the country to Yuan Shikai, so Yuan Shikai knows the national political situation like the back of his hand. The fatuity and incompetence of Zai Feng and other Manchu aristocrats, the uprising activities of Sun Yat-sen and other revolutionaries, the constant petitions of the constitutionalists and the crisis of the Qing dynasty rule made his confidence increase day by day. In Huanshang Village, he kept a low profile and saved his strength, waiting for a chance to make a comeback. His ambition can be seen from the poems he wrote in Huanshang Village.
Poetry and Fu
Yuan Shikai was not good at poetry. Later, he lived as a soldier and had no time to write poetry. The life of Huanshang Village and Yang Shouyuan, because of getting rid of the complicated military and political affairs and the beautiful environment, made him have the elegance of poetry. He often sang with his subordinates and aides, and lived a chic life in his youth before joining the army. His poems were later compiled by his second son, Yuan, into "Return to the Church Chorus". Some of these poems are verve, reflecting his mood and ambition in this period. For example:
Denglou
The building is knee-small, the eaves are high and the old trees are neat.
Open the porch and level the Beidou. It feels too low.
Two photos of fishing boats named after themselves.
Worrying about the general manager for a hundred years is hard to pay for.
The wild old man has a soldier's armor on his chest and a little prince in his eyes.
Thought there was no rock in the world, and lamented the lack of China.
After the end of the world, a cigarette, a rain hat and a fishing boat.
These poems are magnificent and heroic, which are incomparable to ordinary literati and a true portrayal of his psychology in this period. He paid close attention to the changes in the national political situation and quietly waited for the opportunity to come. He is lying in a coffin, but his heart is political. Come out again
The day that Yuan Shikai expected has finally arrived. 19110 June10, Wuchang uprising broke out, and the Qing court was in a panic. The day after Wuchang Uprising was Yuan Shikai's 53rd birthday. A number of important figures from Beiyang Group, such as Zhao Bingjun, Ni Sichong and Duan, gathered in the Yangshou Garden in Huanshang Village to celebrate Yuan Zhushou. Just then, the news of Wuchang Uprising came. Based on years of political experience and the fatuous situation of Manchu nobles, Yuan Shikai realized that the opportunity had come and must be seized. Although subordinates, aides and family members have different views, Yuan Shikai has made up his mind to prepare for the mountain. 12 years, Yin Chang, the secretary of the army sent by the Qing court, led the Beiyang army to the south for a crusade, but the Beiyang army did not listen to the command. The Qing government, foreign banking groups and foreign ambassadors to China all demanded Yuan Shikai. Due to the lack of powerful figures in the Qing court, Regent Zai Feng was at a loss, so he had to use Yuan Shikai from June+10+April in 65438, and appointed him as the governor of Huguang to supervise the repression. He didn't see the appointment of the Qing court at all, and took revenge on Zai Feng on the pretext that his foot had been ill for a long time and had not recovered greatly. He didn't refuse, nor did he immediately replace it. His intention is to demand more and greater rights from the Qing court. During this period, on the one hand, he secretly manipulated the Beiyang Army bound for the front line of Hubei Province to passively carry out Yin Chang's orders, forcing Yin Chang to stop and do nothing; On the one hand, he asked the Qing court to allocate him sufficient funds and invited his subordinates, such as Wang Shizhen, Ni Sichong and Zhang Xiluan. And called Duan,,, Yuan Naikuan and others to be at their disposal. Before Yuan Shikai took office, he had already begun to dispatch troops. The Qing government allowed Yuan Shikai to fight one by one. Zhang De's Huanshang Village was full of traffic and endless flow, and it became the gathering place of Beiyang people and the political center of Quantong for a time. At the same time, the victory of Wuchang Uprising led to the outbreak of the national revolution, and the provinces responded in succession. The revolutions in Hunan, Shaanxi, Jiangxi and other provinces succeeded one after another, and revolutionary military governments were established. With the rapid development of the revolution, the rule of the Qing Dynasty was in jeopardy. Zai Feng repeatedly urged Yuan Shikai to "take care of himself", but when he was ill, he met Yuan Shikai as "Mr. Slow". Yuan Shikai knew that the Qing court wanted to use him. He just held his horses and continued to "fish" in Yangshou Garden to force the Qing court to give him more rights. Until June 27th, 10, the Qing court ordered the transfer of Yinchang and appointed Yuan as an imperial envoy to control the deployment of the amphibious forces. Moreover, there is no remote control in the Military Advisory Office and the War Department, and the war is completely handled by Yuan Shikai, and 1 two thousand silver is allocated as funds. Yuan Shikai left Zhangde for Du Shi on October 30th, 65438/KLOC-0, and ended his life in Yangshou Garden.
Nanbeiquan
165438+ 10/day, Yuan Shikai won Hankou under the command of Beiyang Army, and won a great victory as soon as he fell to the ground, which gave him a great face and made Zai Feng feel a little relieved. On the same day, under the pressure of all parties, the Qing government had to announce the dissolution of the royal cabinet, appoint Yuan Shikai as the prime minister of the cabinet, and organize a new cabinet. 165438+1On October 8th, Yuan Shikai was elected by an absolute majority.
At the repeated urging of the Qing court, Yuan Shikai confessed the front-line military affairs and returned to Beijing on 165438+ 10/0/3 to organize Yuan to take charge of the cabinet. Then, he summoned Zai Tao, Minister of Military Advisory Office (equivalent to Chief of Staff), who was replaced by his younger brother Xu Shichang. Then forced Zai Feng to hand over the seal of "Regent" and forced him to return to his official residence, regardless of state affairs. At this point, Yuan Shikai seized all the military and political power of the Qing government. The Qing dynasty has actually perished.
After Yuan Shikai's stable rule in the north, he concentrated on dealing with the southern revolutionaries. Yuan Shikai is by no means a mediocre man, but a wily politician and careerist. He saw that the trend of democracy and harmony was unstoppable, and the Qing government was bound to perish. He wants to take this opportunity to gain the supreme sovereignty of this country. So he told the revolutionary party. China people adopted a very flexible strategy, trying to negotiate, pull and fight. In order to force the revolutionaries to sit at the negotiating table and negotiate with them,1October 27th, 165438+ ordered the conquest of Hanyang and shelled Wuchang across the river. Just as the Beiyang army was in high spirits and the Beiyang generals wanted to cross the river and win Wuchang in one fell swoop, he stopped their actions and began peace talks with the south.
Steal the fruits of revolution
Yuan Shikai's attitude in the New Deal and the preparation of constitutionalism left a good impression on the new school. He was dismissed by Zai Feng for no reason, and won the sympathy of most national bourgeoisie, thinking that he was a victim of the Manchu-Han struggle. Yuan Shikai's attitude towards the revolutionaries after his comeback made the revolutionaries have an illusion about him, and regarded him as an ally of the revolution, thinking that as long as he was in favor of * * * and forced the Qing emperor to abdicate, he could be elected as the president of the Republic of China, and at the same time, he used Yuan's power to overthrow the Qing court, thus avoiding the interference of the great powers and achieving a cheap victory in the revolution. This kind of thought is not a personal thought, but has a wide range of universality and is the mainstream thought in the south, and Sun Yat-sen, Huang Xing and others have also been affected. In this way, the southern revolutionaries began the North-South peace talks with Yuan Shikai. Although Yuan Shikai took despicable measures to achieve his goal, in the end, the two sides reached a compromise acceptable to all parties, such as the abdication of the Qing emperor, Yuan Shikai's approval of * * * and Sun Yat-sen's surrender of the President of the Republic of China to Yuan Shikai. After being guaranteed by the revolutionaries, Yuan Shikai turned to urgent official activities, forcing Queen Yulong to issue the abdication edict of the Qing emperor on February 19 12. At this point, the Qing Dynasty, which ruled China for 268 years, perished. 13 In February, Sun Yat-sen resigned from the Nanjing Provisional Senate and recommended Yuan Shikai to succeed him. 15 In February, the Provisional Senate of Nanjing/representatives of KLOC-0/7 provinces unanimously elected Yuan Shikai as the provisional president of the Republic of China. 10 In March, Yuan Shikai was sworn in in Beijing. He finally got his wish and reached the peak of China's political rights. With Yuan Shikai's life in Beijing, Yuan Shikai's family center moved to Zhongnanhai. Huanshang Village and Yangshouyuan are still there, but they have lost their former prosperity and gentleness. They are just an estate of Yuan. Later, Feng Yuxiang took charge of Henan and changed Huanshang Village and Yangshouyuan into schools. After liberation, the building materials of Huanshang Village and Yangshouyuan were moved to Anyang City. It is said that the Workers' Cultural Palace was built on this basis. Huanshang Village and Yangshouyuan have just become a historical term, which has been preserved to this day. Because Yuan Shikai once lived in Huanshang Village, people also called Yuan "Huanshang" during the Republic of China, and Huanshang became synonymous with Yuan Shikai. Others regard Yang Shouyuan as a synonym for Yuan Shikai Memorial Hall in the late Qing Dynasty. Later generations compiled Yang Shouyuan's Memorial and Yang Shouyuan's Memorial Collection, and Yuan Shikai's telegram draft was compiled Yang Shouyuan's telegram draft.