Classic: "Defeat the enemy without fighting" comes from "The Art of War": "Where the law of using soldiers is used, the world is the first, and the country is broken; The whole army is the best, followed by Pojun; The whole brigade is the best, followed by the broken brigade; The whole army is the best, followed by broken soldiers; All Wu is the best, followed by breaking Wu. Therefore, it is victory, and the good are not good; Defeat the enemy's soldiers without fighting, and the good ones are also. " ?
Note: soldiers who bow down and surrender: army, military strength.
Translation:
Sun Tzu said: the general principle to measure the victory of a war is: the best policy is to make the enemy country surrender to us intact, while breaking through the enemy country to make it incomplete and damaged is slightly inferior; It is the best policy to make the soldiers of the first enemy army (12500 people as one army) surrender completely, but it is slightly inferior to defeat the first enemy army by force.
It is the best policy to surrender the soldiers of the enemy's first brigade (500 people as one brigade) intact, but it is slightly inferior to defeat the enemy's first brigade by force; It is the best policy to let an enemy soldier (100 is a soldier) surrender all the officers and men. It is better to defeat a soldier. It is the best policy to let all the enemy's soldiers surrender, but it is better to defeat one.
Therefore, winning every battle is brilliant, but it is not the best; Before the siege, it is best to make the enemy's military capabilities (including command and combat capabilities) seriously inadequate and unable to resist at all.
Extended data:
The full text of Sun Tzu's art of war: plotting and attacking;
Sun Tzu said: the law of husband's use of troops is that the whole country is the best, followed by breaking the country; The whole army is the best, followed by Pojun; The whole brigade is the best, followed by the broken brigade; The whole army is the best, followed by broken soldiers; All Wu is the best, followed by breaking Wu. Therefore, it is victory, and the good are not good; Defeat the enemy's soldiers without fighting, and the good ones are also good.
So, soldiers attack the city, the enemy follows, the soldiers follow, and then attack the city. The method of siege is the last resort. Maintenance, equipment, three months later, three months later. Those who will be carried away by their anger, will cling to them, kill a third of the soldiers and not leave the city. This attack is also a disaster.
Therefore, those who are good at using soldiers defeat others' soldiers without fighting, pull out others' cities without attacking, destroy others' countries without fighting soon, and strive for the world, so the soldiers are tireless and the benefits are all. This is also the way to attack.
Therefore, the method of using troops is to encircle ten, attack five and fight two, so the enemy can fight, escape less and avoid. Therefore, the strength of a small enemy is also a prisoner of a big enemy.
If the husband is a general, Kuninosuke will also make the country strong and weak.
Therefore, there are three reasons why you are suffering from the army: you don't know that the army can't enter or retreat, but you can't retreat. A sergeant will be confused if he doesn't know about the three services and is in charge of them. If a sergeant doesn't know the rights of the three armed forces and works with them, it is very suspicious. If the three armed forces are suspicious, it will be difficult for the princes to be safe. It means that the rebels will win.
Therefore, there are five kinds of winners: those who know they can fight and won't fight win; He who knows people wins; People with the same desire win; Treat unsuspecting people with fear and win; Those who have the ability and the king doesn't guard them will win. These five know the way to win.
Therefore: know yourself and know yourself, and you will be invincible; Know yourself and yourself, one wins and one loses; If you don't know each other, if you don't know your friends, every battle will be dangerous.
There are thirteen articles in The Art of War, namely:
1, "beginning"
It is about temple calculation, that is, before sending troops, we compare the situation of the enemy and ourselves in the temple, estimate the possibility of winning or losing the war, and make a battle plan.
2. "Fighting"
It is about the mobilization of war after the temple calculation, and using it to fight against the enemy, so as to defeat the enemy and strengthen the country. "Work" means "manufacturing" and "rising". The "war" here does not refer to war, but to the preparation and planning before the war, which belongs to the category of "defeating the enemy without fighting".
3. The Plot of Attack
It is about attacking the city with ingenuity, that is, not using special forces, but using various means to make the defensive enemy surrender.
4. "Military form"
It talks about objective, stable and easy-to-see factors, such as the strength of combat effectiveness and material preparation for war.
5, "Ice Room"
Refers to subjective, changeable and accidental factors, such as the distribution of troops and the courage of morale.
6. Virtual and real articles
It's about how to disperse and assemble, surround and detour, and make us strong and weak at the scheduled battle site, so as to win more than less.
7. "Military arguments"
It is about how to "take detour as a straight line" and "take suffering as a benefit" to seize the combat advantage.
8. "Nine changes"
It is about the general adopting different strategies and tactics according to different situations.
9, March "
It's about how to camp in the March and observe the enemy's situation.
10, terrain
It is about six different operational terrains and corresponding tactical requirements.
1 1, nine places.
According to the situation of "subject and object" and the degree of going deep into enemy lines, it talked about nine operational environments and corresponding tactical requirements.
12, fire attack
It is about auxiliary firepower and the idea of "cautious war".
13, "Forbidden"
It's about the cooperation of five kinds of spies.
About the author:
Sun Wu (about 545 BC-about 470 BC), whose real name was Changqing, was born in Le 'an (now northern Shandong Province) at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period. China, a famous strategist and politician in the Spring and Autumn Period, was honored as a soldier sage or grandson (Sun Wuzi), also known as "the most holy strategist", and was known as "the teacher of a hundred schools of thought" and "the originator of eastern military science".
Sun Wu was active from the end of 6th century BC to the beginning of 5th century BC, from Qi State to Wu State, and was recommended by the senior minister of Wu State (Wu Zixu). He presented thirteen articles of Sun Tzu's Art of War to He Lv, the king of Wu, and was reused as a general.
He once led Wu Jun to defeat the Chu army, occupied the capital of Chu, and almost destroyed Chu. His masterpiece, The Art of War, contains thirteen articles, which are highly praised by later military strategists. It is known as the "sacred book of military science" and ranks first among the seven military classics.
Historical controversy about Sun Wu
1, hometown
The problem of Sun Wu's hometown has been successfully talked about by predecessors, that is, "Sun Wu's men are all alike" in Historical Records. There is still controversy in the field of historiography, and the coexistence of leniency, benefiting the people, boxing and linzi. In the process of exploring grandson's hometown, there is a difference between "ancestral home" and "birthplace" in the positioning of grandson's hometown.
Those who hold "Le 'an Theory" take "ancestral home" as their hometown, and think that Le 'an is Sun Wu's hometown according to Sun Shu's "Eating in Le 'an". People who hold the theory of "unhappiness" take "birthplace" as their hometown and think that "the place where they were born and lived for a long time is their hometown".
2. Guangrao said
Sun Wu, a native of Le 'an, Qi, is the only one in history. From Ouyang Xiu's Book of the New Tang Dynasty Prime Minister's Genealogy Table of the Song Dynasty, Deng's Book of Ancient and Modern Surnames, to the Preface of the Art of War of the Qing Dynasty, the records are very clear.
The newly discovered Records of Zhenguan Clan in Tang Dynasty and the epitaphs of Sun Chuyue, Sun Qi and Sun further confirmed that the descendants of Sun Wu in Lean County of Qi State in the pre-Qin Dynasty and Lean County of Qingzhou in the Eastern Han Dynasty (from which the surname of Sun Shi County came) were both Sun Shi nobles. According to historical research, this noble family lived on the same piece of land in Guangrao County today.
Qing 'an County Records in the seventh year of the Republic of China (19 18) and Guangrao County Records in the twenty-fifth year (1936) also recorded that Sun Wu was a local citizen.
Through textual research and newly discovered historical materials, experts and scholars agree that the ground subject of Le 'an in Qi State in the pre-Qin period is now Guangrao County, and Sun Wu's hometown Le 'an is credible and well documented. China Guangrao Sunzi International Cultural Festival, with the theme of promoting Sunzi's thoughts, is held every year in Guangrao County, the hometown of Sunzi.
3. Huimin said
1987, in order to compile the records and figures of Huimin county, the relevant departments of Huimin county people's government conducted textual research on the hometown of grandson and set up a special preparatory group for grandson research. The traditional theory that Sun Tzu's hometown was in Huimin County was confirmed by consulting the official history by the Strategy Department of the Academy of Military Sciences and experts from Peking University.
1989 from may 22 to 25, Huimin county people's government held the first international seminar on the art of war. Since then, all international academic seminars on Sun Tzu's Art of War have been held in Huimin County, the hometown of Sun Tzu's Art of War, and Huimin County has also held regular debates on Sun Tzu's Art of War on both sides of the Taiwan Strait, which has attracted the attention of people on both sides of the strait.
4. Lean said
There are two most important historical materials:
One is the description of Sun's surname in Yuan He Shi Dian compiled in the period of "Le 'an, after Sun Wu, Han had a guest host, Wei had a satrap of Qinghe River, Jin had Sun Ai, and took refuge in Wei, so his family belonged to Le 'an".
The second is the "List of Prime Ministers' Genealogy in the Book of the New Tang Dynasty": "Qi Tian finished the word, four grandchildren had no Yu, and the second son had no Yu: Huan and Shu. Shu Zi's war, Qi Dafu, made meritorious deeds in cutting Juan, Gong Jingci's surname was Sun Shi, and the grain was collected in Le 'an. Born in, the word is from Zong, Qi Qing. The characters Changqing, Tian and Bao conspired to make trouble and defected to General tachileik by virtue of their martial arts. "
The former is considered as the earliest record of Sun Wu's hometown, while the latter is considered as the "ironclad proof" that Sun Wu's hometown is in Le 'an. Since then, many introductions about Sun Wu have called him "Le 'an people of Qi State in the late Spring and Autumn Period".
5. Lin Zi said
According to Zuo Zhuan's Twenty-eight Years of "xianggong" and Shandong Tongzhi, Sun Wu's grandfather Chen Wenzi lived in Linzi Fish. According to the modern concept of hometown, Linzi fish is the hometown of Sun Wu.
6. Cause of death
The earliest basis of Sun Wu's theory of dying is recorded in The Question of Emperor Taizong and Li Zhi: "If you are divorced from Sun Wu, you don't know where to go." Later, the "Qupin Xuelu Nengpin" also said: "Thirteen articles by Sun Tzu, Wu Ba. I don't want to be the angry ear of Xu Jiang. "
What is particularly noteworthy is that the Biography of Yue Jue Wu Shuji in the Eastern Han Dynasty clearly records that in Xiangcheng District, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province today, "Wu and Sun Wuzhong also went to the county for miles". Then Sun Wu is obviously floating high and quiet, and will die in Wu.
As for the ending of Sun Wu, some history books say that he was killed. "History of Han Criminal Law" said: "Sun, Wu, Shang and Bai were all killed in the front, and their merits died in the back." Yan Shigu's comments on the name "Zai" are: "Sun Wu, Sun Bin, Wu Qi, Shang Yang, Bai Yeqi." In the Tang Dynasty, Li Zhi's Taibai Liangshi also inherited his theory, saying that "Sun, Wu, Han and Bai's disciples were all put to death, and their descendants were not passed on to their heirs".
This statement juxtaposes Sun Wu with Wu Qi, Shang Yang, Han Fei and Bai Qi, indicating that his situation in his later years is bound to be bad. After Wu Zixu was killed, Sun Wu may be implicated. Either because he remonstrated with Wu Zixu and angered Fu Cha, or because he was a close friend of Wu Zixu, Fu Cha took it out on him after killing Wu Zixu.
However, the theory that Sun Wu was "slaughtered" first appeared in the record of Hanshu Criminal Law. This Biography of Historical Records is not recorded, and Hanshu has not stated its story and origin, so this statement can still be doubted.
main work
Sun Wu's life's works are mainly 13 articles on the art of war, entitled The Art of War by Sun Tzu, with more than 5,000 words. In addition, Sun Wu has some works about the art of war. But because it was separated from thirteen articles, most of them were lost later.
Sun Tzu's Art of War expounds the law of defeating the enemy in the war, how the army should be organized and built, the strategic principles that must be followed in the battle, the tactical skills of attacking the enemy unexpectedly, some special combat methods, and the logistics work of the army. Sun Tzu's The Art of War is 5000 words in 13 chapters, which embodies Sun Wu's complete military ideology.
The influence of later generations
Some of Sun Wu's military views and thoughts on running the army have been recited and applied by later military strategists, which is a valuable historical legacy in China's military history. Sun Tzu's Art of War is the earliest, most complete and systematic art of war in China. When he was in North Song Shenzong, it was listed as the first of seven books and was praised as the sacred book of art of war.
The book * * * consists of 13 articles, with more than 5,900 words. It is about tactics, operations, planning and attack, shape, potential, reality, military struggle, nine changes, marching, terrain, nine places, fire attack and use. Sun Tzu's Art of War reveals the laws of war and discusses the laws of war, the theory of running the army and the theory of winning. , and with simple materialism and dialectical thought, known as "military classics" and "the originator of military strategists."
Its rich ideological connotation and incisive dialectical philosophy are valued by military strategists and politicians at home and abroad. The Art of War has been translated into English, Japanese, German, French, Russian, Czech and Korean. Known internationally as "the first ancient art book in the world", it has been paid attention to and applied not only in the military field, but also in the fields of economy and sports.
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