The existing ancient buildings are about 1000 square meters. Sitting facing south, there is a door facing east. It is divided into middle road, east road and west road. There are four courtyards in the middle, four courtyards in the east and three courtyards behind. There are only three rows of houses on the west road, and the theater is on the west. There are long corridors, pavilions, flower halls and rockery gardens in the south. The original stable and the open space in front of the garden were built into the main building of Fu Jen Catholic University. The residence of TaoBei Le Mansion was converted into a teaching building for boys of Fu Jen Catholic University, and from 65438 to 0952, Fu Jen Boys' Middle School was converted into the 13th Middle School. After liberation, Taobei Music Building has undergone many repairs and reconstructions. However, a few years ago, some buildings in the yard were in danger again. The gables are twisted and cracked, the eaves of the tiles are damaged, the roots of the columns are rotted, and all the paint is peeled off. Some houses are even classified as dangerous buildings and have long since stopped using them. Historical evolution: Taobei Yuefu, whose gate opened at No.27 Liu Yin Street, and Fu Jen Catholic University was built in Taobei Yuefu, which was once the Discovery Palace where fifteen sons of Kangxi were allowed to live.
In the 28th year of Guangxu (1902), Zai Tao, the seventh son of Yi Xuan, the Prince of Alcohol, adopted Wang Yi of Zhongxian County as his heir and moved into this house, which was called Taobei Lezhai. Zai Tao was the training minister of the Qing army and presided over the military adviser's office. During the Republic of China, he was always regarded as the leader of the royal family. After liberation, he was a member of China People's Political Consultative Conference. 1925, rented out to the Catholic Church of the Holy See as the school building for running an education university in Taobaili House. 1927 was renamed Fu Jen Catholic University, taking the meaning of "taking literature as a friend and helping others with benevolence" in The Analects of Confucius. 1929 Fu Jen Catholic University built the main building in the open space in front of the stables and gardens in the south of Taubeile Mansion, and hired Belgian missionary and architect Gleason as the designer (it is also recorded that the designer was American architect Murphy, who once designed the yenching university, which is considered as the highest artistic achievement representing the modern missionary university building in China). After Gleason was invited to Beiping, he didn't rush to design, but spent several months looking for the original materials of classical buildings in northern China and studying the characteristics of ancient buildings such as the Forbidden City. As the main building of a comprehensive university, the south of Wang Fu is too crowded. If we design a matchbox-style high-rise building with the modern architectural style prevailing in the world at that time, we can well meet the use function and solve the contradiction of narrow land use. However, Gleason thought twice. He believes that the site is located in a palace, adjacent to the Forbidden City and Beihai in the south. If modern styles are used, the harmony of the environment will be destroyed. He decided to use the modeling elements of traditional classical architecture in China to carry out his own design. He suggested: "We can get some inspiration from the shapes of China's palace walls, gates and towers, which all show the unique characteristics of China Palace." The main building designed by TaoBei Le Mansion looks like a palace-style castle in China, which is surrounded by two floors and a closed courtyard. The main entrance is in the middle of the south, on the third floor of the gatehouse. After entering the door, a north-south building divides the courtyard into two approximately square courtyards. A three-story turret is built in the four corners of the southeast and northwest, and the central axis of the whole building is clear and completely symmetrical. It embodies the solemn and rigorous momentum of China Palace. There are two layers of white marble arches at the main entrance, with exquisite stone carvings on them. The third floor is a mansion selected, and the roof is green glazed tiles. On the facade of the main building, many details of China classical architecture are also used, such as Sumitomo of white marble, wooden window frames carved with red flowers, and stone lions squatting on the pier of the gate. , they constitute the epitome of China Palace. But in my opinion, this building designed by missionaries, though with the help of some elements of China's classical architecture, inadvertently reveals the detachment of western monasteries. The main building of Fu Jen Catholic University is still well preserved. Through the hollowed-out China stone lion-shaped iron railing surrounding the whole building, you can still feel the well-intentioned design and exquisite workmanship. Many large architectural dictionaries have listed it as a famous modern building in China. Looking at this classical building in China, I often think of the old Victorian buildings on the campus of Melbourne University. Their appearances are completely different, but under different appearances, the nobility, elegance and purity revealed seem to be the same and interlinked.
Xinghua Hutong 13 is the former residence of Chen Yuan, president of Fu Jen Catholic University. When it comes to Fu Jen Catholic University, we can't help but mention its old president Chen Yuan (1880- 197 1). Chen Yuan is a famous historian and educator in contemporary China. From 1927 to 1952, Fu Jen Catholic University was merged into Beijing Normal University. He continued to be the president of Beijing Normal University until his death. He can be said to be the lifelong president of Fu Jen Catholic University and the longest-serving scholar in China.
Architectural features Mr. Chen Yuan's former residence is located in Xinghua Hutong 13, south of Dingfu Street, an ordinary quadrangle with two entrances. In the backyard of the North House, there is Mr. Chen's study "Li Yun Bookstore". It was in this humble library that Mr. Wang insisted on writing and studied the history of the three major religions in the world-Christianity, Islam and Buddhism, and became the pioneer of religious studies in China. His rigorous and diligent academic attitude has a far-reaching influence on the school spirit and style of study of Fu Jen Catholic University and Beijing Normal University. The former residence is now the office of Fu Jen Catholic University Alumni Association. Many alumni who are over 70 years old often come here to recall their college days and their old principals and teachers. Fu Jen's famous teachers are Zhou Zuoren, Hu Shi, Liu Bannong, Zhu Guangqian and Shen. They all left a hasty footprint and tireless figure in Fu Jen Catholic University. Although Fu Jen was founded only 27 years ago, it has12,343 registered students and 4,756 undergraduate graduates, which has trained a group of experts and scholars for China. Among them, 65,438+065,438+0 are academicians of Chinese and foreign academies. Fu Jen Boys' Middle School and No.13 Middle School, and Liu once taught here. The northern half of Taobei Yuefu basically maintains the original government structure, which faces south and is divided into three roads: Middle Road and East Road. There are four courtyards in the middle road, four courtyards in the east road and only three rows of houses in the west road. There is a garden in the south, with winding corridors, rockeries and pavilions on the mountain. This part of Taobeile Mansion, as the school building of boys' department of Furen High School, was changed to Beijing No.13 Middle School on 1952, and it has continued to this day.
1933, a middle school student who has been trained in classical poetry and learned some historical phrases, was introduced to see President Chen, hoping to find a job at school to support his family. President Chen carefully examined his article and thought it was very good, so he arranged for him to be a Chinese teacher in Fu Jen Boys' Middle School. Two years later, some people dismissed him because he didn't have enough education. However, according to his actual level, President Chen arranged for him to teach Chinese in the university. The middle school student later became a famous philologist and calligraphy master in China. In the 1990s, Taubelov auctioned 100 calligraphy works and 10 paintings in Hong Kong, and set up the "Li Yun Scholarship Fund" in Beijing Normal University in the name of the old headmaster's study to reward teachers and students who have made contributions in the field of education and teaching, and also to express their gratitude and thoughts to the teachers. Now Professor Qi Gong has left us, but "Liu Yun Spirit" is still carried forward in Beijing Normal University.
Liu, a famous contemporary writer, has been teaching in No.13 Middle School for more than ten years. His famous work "The Head Teacher" may be based on his experience in teaching. The story of Gongwangfu and President Chen Yuan is in the east of Liu Yin Street, and Gongwangfu is separated from Taobei Yuefu Street. Gongwangfu is one of the best preserved palaces in China. A history of the rise and fall of Gongwangfu is closely related to the history of the Qing Dynasty. In this article, I only talk about stories related to Fu Jen Catholic University and its president, Chen Yuan. During the Republic of China, the Puwei brothers mortgaged Wang Fu to Sishiku Church. 1932 Fu Jen Catholic University repays the mortgage, and the property right belongs to Fu Jen Catholic University. Fu Jen Catholic University is run by the church and has many clergy. Chen Yuan attaches great importance to promoting China traditional culture to them. He once founded the Academy of Priests in the garden of Gongwangfu, and educated young China's father about traditional history and culture. Whenever bloom is warm in spring, Chen Yuan will hold a poetry meeting in the form of traditional literati drinking and writing poems, and invite young priests to participate, so that they can be influenced by the traditional culture of China. For this, he was accused by the Archbishop of China. However, he has always been elegant, but he does not show weakness. His fight with the bishop became a sensation in the whole school. Later, Fu Jen Girls' Middle School was founded in Prince Gong's House. Out of the east exit of Dingfu Street, you arrive at Liu Yin Street. Liu Yin Street is north-south, slightly inclined to the northwest. Xie Fan Street in Beijing is mostly related to rivers and lakes. Liu Yin Street is an old river in Ming and Qing Dynasties, and there are many kinds of willows on both sides of the river. In the Qing Dynasty, a dirt road was built on the east and west sides of the river, and the two roads were collectively called Yangliuwan. 1952 river channel was changed to culvert, and the place name was Li Guang Qiaonan Street. 1965 was renamed Liu Yin Street. Now Liu Yin Street is the only place for Beijing Hutong Tour, and it is also an important scenic spot in Shichahai area of Zhou Bianyou. Related Links Wang Laofu and Wang Fu (Taobei Road Mansion) Laomending Mansion are located in the north of Damucang Hutong Road in Xidan, and the original Zheng (Jane) is close. Wang Yiyi, the eighth son of Xuanzong in Qing Dynasty, was named King of Zhongxian County in the 30th year of Daoguang (1850).
Tongzhi for three years (1864) was divided into two parts, with the former Zheng Qinwang House as its residence. Death, death. There is no heir. Prince Yixin's second son, a loyal and loyal prince, is the heir. Move to a new house on the west side of Liu Yin Street in Xicheng. The new house was originally Wang Fu in Yuxian County, which was handed down by Baylor. In the fifteenth year of Guangxu (1889), he was the king of Jin County. 1900, the foreigner was demoted to the sect for offending. 1902, Zai Tao, the seventh son of Yi Xuan, Prince of Chun County, succeeded to Baylor, 1908 Jia County. Zai Tao's name is Night Cloud, and he is highly valued because he is the younger brother of the Regent in Xuan Tong. He used to be the training minister of the Guards and presided over the Military Advisory Office. During the Republic of China, he was always regarded as the leader of the royal family. Zhang xun restoration was later appointed as the Guards and the Chaohe Commander of the Puppet Manchukuo. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), he served as a member of China People's Political Consultative Conference. This house is also called Taubel House. 1929, Nanmaquan and the open space in front of the park were sold and converted into the main building of Fu Jen Catholic University, and the northern part of the house was changed into the middle school attached to Fu Jen Catholic University, which is now the thirteenth middle school in Beijing. The main building still exists. The main entrance is five rooms wide, and the main hall, the east-west annex, the back bedroom and the back cover are all five rooms wide. The affiliated courtyards of Dongxi Road are generally preserved except the theater, and the gardens in the south are still there, basically maintaining the original appearance at that time. Although it is called the county palace, the two owners are Baylor, and there are not many physical objects in Baylor House in Qing Dynasty. It is a municipal cultural relics protection unit in Beijing.