One of the three most popular non-alcoholic beverages in the world-in the 2 1 century, which advocates nature and health, tea beverage will become the mainstream of the world beverage market, and tea culture will be accepted by more and more people. Tea trees have been discovered on the earth for tens of millions of years, but tea was discovered and used four or five thousand years ago. As early as 3000 years ago, Bashu area took local tea as a tribute. So far, no other country in the world has recorded and discovered tea earlier, and China is the first country to collect and drink tea. In southwest China, there have been many records of big tea trees since ancient times. After the liberation of China, more big tea trees were discovered through investigation. According to statistics, there are more than 200 big tea trees in Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan and other provinces, and some areas even distribute in pieces, such as Qianjiazhai ancient tea forest community in zhenyuan county, Simao District, Yunnan Province, covering an area of several thousand mu. Camellia is the closest plant to the tea plant population. There are more than 380 species of Theaceae in 23 genera in the world. Except for 10, the rest genera are a mixture of tropical and temperate Asia. There are more than 260 species of 15 genus in China, most of which are distributed in Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan. Yunnan Province is the most concentrated place of Camellia plants in Theaceae, among which Camellia Dali, Camellia sinensis, Camellia Nujiang and Camellia Yunnanshan are all famous. Since the fourth century, the world has experienced several ice ages, which brought great disasters to all plants. According to the investigation on the distribution of glacial deposits in southwest China, Yunnan was not seriously affected by the ice age, so the large-leaf tea trees originally grown in Yunnan were not seriously affected, and most of them were preserved. Yunnan is the origin center of tea. After careful research by scientists, the metabolic types of tea buds and leaves in Yunnan are simpler than those of other tea varieties, which makes it more reasonable to conclude that Yunnan tea tree is the oldest primitive type of all tea trees now. According to the above facts, we can think that tea tree originated in southwest China, and Yunnan is the center of tea tree origin. The history of tea as a beverage Tea as a beverage is an important discovery of China people. Its utilization history can be as old as medicinal plants. However, there are different opinions about the origin of tea drinking in China. Tracing back to the origin of tea drinking in China, some people think that it originated in ancient times, some people think that it originated in the Zhou Dynasty, and some people think that it originated in the Qin and Han Dynasties, the Three Kingdoms, the Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Tang Dynasty. The main reason for the disagreement is that there was no word "tea" before the Tang Dynasty, but only the word "tea" was recorded until Lu Yu, the author of Tea Classic, reduced the word "tea" and wrote it as "tea", so there was a saying that tea originated in the Tang Dynasty. Others are said to have originated in Shennong and Qin and Han Dynasties. Shennong said that according to Lu Yu's tea classics, "tea is a drink, which originated from Shennong", and China's view that tea drinking originated from Shennong also came from folklore. Some people think that tea was discovered by Shennong when he was boiling water in a large pot outside the field. The boiled water is yellowish in color, which can quench your thirst and refresh yourself. According to Shennong's past experience of tasting herbal medicine, it was found that it was a kind of medicine. This is the most common statement about the origin of tea drinking in China. Another way of saying it is to attach it to pronunciation. It is said that Shennong has a crystal belly, and it can be seen from the appearance that food crawls in the gastrointestinal tract. When he tasted tea, he found that tea flowed everywhere in his stomach and the gastrointestinal tract was washed clean. So Shennong called this plant "tea" and then changed it into the word "tea", which became the origin of tea. Qin and Han Dynasties said that the earliest reliable data of tea science existed in the Han Dynasty, based on the contract written by Wang Bao. This article was written on the fifteenth day of the first month in the third year of Emperor Xuandi (59 BC). It is the most important document in the history of tea science before tea classics. At that time, the development of tea culture was explained in pen and ink, and the contents were as follows: there were guests at home. Take a jar and hold it tightly. Draw water. Hello. Wash the whole box of cups. Pull garlic in the garden. Cut the chicken breast with sauce. Establish meat and taro. It's hard to catch. There is everything you need to make tea. Feeding has covered up hiding. There are trees behind the house. When cut into boats. Go up to Jiangzhou. Go to the frying master. Ask government officials for money. Push spinning failure. Silly keyhole pavilion. Buy a seat and go back and forth. We should work for the interests of women. Sell it in a small market. Return to the capital. Open the bypass. Penny sells geese. Wuyang buys tea. Young's pool bears the load. Gather in the city. Be careful to protect thieves. It can be seen from the article that tea has become a part of the social diet at that time, and it is a rare thing to treat guests with courtesy, which shows the importance of tea in the social status at that time. It is said that China began to drink tea in the Six Dynasties. Some people think that it started with Sun Bin replacing wine with tea, while others think that it started with Wang Su advocating tea drinking. In Japan and India, it is said that drinking tea begins with meditation. It is said that Dharma traveled to China from India and vowed not to sleep and meditate for nine years. Dharma succeeded in the first three years and finally fell asleep. When Dharma woke up, he felt ashamed and resentful, cut off his eyelids and threw them on the ground. Soon, young trees were born under the eyelids, with sparse branches and leaves and abundant business. For the next five years, Dharma was sober, but a year later, it was invaded by the sandman. Dharma ate the leaves beside him, and immediately after eating, his mind was clear and clear, and he was able to complete the nine-year meditation vows. The leaves that Dharma eats are the tea of later generations. This is the saying that drinking tea in the Six Dynasties originated from Buddhism. The story grasps the characteristics of tea and expounds the refreshing effect of tea elements. However, the theory of Qin and Han dynasties has irrefutable evidence, which weakens the status of the theory of Six Dynasties. The development of tea and the formation of tea culture in the initial long period, tea has always been used as medicine. It was not until the Qin and Han Dynasties that people discovered the refreshing effect of tea due to the increase of artificially cultivated tea trees, and making tea and drinking tea gradually became a trend. Especially in the Han Dynasty, Sima Xiangru and other literary giants all had a special liking for tea, a fashionable drink at that time, and wrote articles to expound their views on tea from pharmacology, literature and other aspects. With the rise of literati drinking tea, poems and songs about tea are coming out day by day. As a common form, tea has left the diet and entered the cultural circle, playing a certain role. The Tang Dynasty was a peak in the history of tea and tea culture. From Luoyang to Chang 'an, shops selling tea can be seen everywhere, and the tea trade is also very developed. By the middle of the Tang Dynasty, cooking and drinking tea had been regarded as an elegant artistic act. There are more experts who study tea drinking methods from tea, water and tea sets. Most of these experts are Buddhists, and there is a saint, Lu Yu, who is called "Cha Sheng". Lu Yu is the author of the world's first tea monograph "Tea Classic". The appearance of "Tea Classic" made the tea culture develop to an unprecedented height, which marked the formation of tea culture in Tang Dynasty. Because of her love for tea, Lu Yu traveled around the world, picking tea to find springs, concentrating on practice, looking for information related to tea in many ways, and then wrote the Tea Classic in concise and fluent words. Tea Classic, a three-volume book, systematically discusses the origin, characteristics, planting environment and methods, tea making methods, tea cooking methods, tea classification and so on. The Book of Tea not only makes people know more about tea, improves the content of tea culture, but also attracts the attention of future generations to tea culture. The Book of Tea summarizes the natural and humanistic contents of tea, discusses the art of tea drinking, and integrates Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism into tea drinking, thus creating the spirit of China tea ceremony. Later, a large number of tea books and poems appeared, including Tea Narration, brew tea, Tea Picking and Sixteen Soups. The formation of tea culture in Tang Dynasty was related to the rise of Zen Buddhism. Because tea has the function of refreshing the brain, promoting fluid production and quenching thirst, temples advocate drinking tea, planting tea trees around the temples, making tea ceremonies, setting up tea halls, selecting tea heads and holding tea events specially. China tea ceremony was formed in the Tang Dynasty, which is divided into court tea ceremony, temple tea ceremony and literati tea ceremony. The Book of Tea is a milestone. Over the past hundred years, tea people in all dynasties have tried and explored all aspects of tea culture countless times. It was not until the birth of Tea Classic that tea parties became popular, so it was of epoch-making significance. People in the Tang Dynasty cooked tea just like cooking and drinking soup. This method of making tea was not replaced by brewing until the Song Dynasty. Tea flourished in Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty. Tea production and tea science research in Song Dynasty were very developed. Both aristocrats and civilians like to hold tea-making contests. They put the tea in a teacup, brew it with boiling water, stir it thoroughly and dissolve it in water. After the appearance of fine white foam (so-called "soup flower"), whoever spends more soup and spreads slowly will be the winner of "fighting tea". The great development of tea industry in Song Dynasty promoted the development of tea culture. Among the literati, professional tea tasting societies have emerged, including the Tang Society composed of officials and the Thousand People Society composed of Buddhists. Zhao Kuangyin of Song Taizu is a tea drinker. He set up a tea hall in the imperial court, and the tea used in the imperial court has been graded. Tea ceremony became a kind of ceremony, giving tea became an important means for the emperor to win over ministers and take care of relatives as soon as possible, and it was also given to foreign envoys. As for the lower classes, tea culture is more lively, and some people migrate. Neighborhood should respect tea and guests, respect "Yuanbao Tea", respect tea at the time of engagement, tea at the time of marriage, and tea in the same room. The rise of folk tea fighting has brought about a series of changes in cooking points. Song people like to "compete for tea" and pursue perfection in the production of tea cakes. The tea cake in Song Dynasty is "Dragon and Phoenix Group Tea", and there are exquisite dragon and phoenix patterns on the tea cake. It is specially made for the royal family, and the price is the same as gold. This kind of tea cake was very popular in Song Dynasty, but with the improvement of tea-making technology, the method of making loose tea became popular. The real popularity of loose tea was in the early Ming Dynasty, because Zhu Yuanzhang ordered that no tribute should be paid to group tea, and the technology of frying green tea to make loose tea developed rapidly. Fried tea is the common green tea today. Tea artists in the Ming Dynasty believed that pressing tea into cakes needed to be ground into foam, which destroyed the true fragrance of tea. Different from fried tea, it is green in color and fragrant in smell, which better retains the natural characteristics and nutritional value of tea. In the Qing Dynasty, the production of black tea was developed on the basis of frying. The method of making oolong tea was also formed in the Qing Dynasty. By the Qing Dynasty, tea had been carefully picked and properly fried. With the development of drinking and tea-making technology, tea and tea science have reached a new height. So far, the pattern of green tea, oolong tea, scented tea, black tea, black tea and yellow tea has basically taken shape. Tea culture was popularized in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Due to the emergence of various teas at this time, drinking tea has been changed to "squeezing tea". Many literati in the Ming Dynasty left masterpieces, such as Tang Bohu's Tea Making Map, Tea Tasting Map, Wen Zhiming's Huishan Tea Party, Lu Yu's Tea Cooking Map and Tea Tasting Map. With the increase of tea, the skills of making tea are also different, and the styles, textures and patterns of tea sets are also diverse. In the late Ming dynasty, people made a new breakthrough in the realm of drinking, and paid attention to the realm of "perfection". In the eyes of those literati, the ultimate goodness of things is Tao, and Tao exists in things. Bird put forward his own theory of "tea ceremony" for the first time in the book Tea Classic: "Time is refined, time is dry when it is hidden, and time is clean when it is soaked. Fine, dry and clean tea ceremony. " In his view, there is a "god with intrinsic meaning" in tea, that is, "meta-god", and the external one is called "meta-body". The two are interdependent and inseparable. Shen Yuan is the essence of tea, and Yuanti is the essence of color, fragrance and taste. As long as we are simple and natural, simple and realistic, modest and moderate, we can get the true meaning of tea. The tea ceremony in Bird pursues the beauty of tea soup and the truth of tea taste, and strives to enter the perfect realm of seeing tea color, tasting tea taste, smelling tea fragrance, listening to tea sounds and rubbing tea sets. Zhang Dafu went further on this basis. He said: "The world tastes tea without tasting its nature, loves mountains and rivers without feeling their feelings, learns without thinking, and learns Buddhism without breaking its Sect." What he wants to tell us is that tea tasting should not be limited to the appearance and taste of water, but should go deep into the essence, that is, to achieve a kind of spiritual pleasure, a pure and refined state of mind, so as to achieve a fairyland of detachment and noble feelings, and a realm of unity between heaven and earth. This can be said to be the development and transcendence of China's tea ceremony spirit by Ming people. By the Qing Dynasty, tea export had become a formal industry, and there were countless tea books, tea events and tea poems. The Development of Modern Tea Culture and the Spread of Tea After the founding of New China, the annual output of tea in China increased from 7500T in 1949 to more than 600,000t in 1998. The substantial increase of tea material wealth has provided a solid foundation for the development of tea culture in China. 1982 Hangzhou established the first social organization with the purpose of promoting tea culture, 1983 Hubei established Luyu Tea Culture Research Association, 1990 Beijing established China Tea People Association. 1998 China international peaceful tea culture exchange hall was built. With the rise of tea culture, there are more and more teahouses all over the country. The fifth International Symposium on Tea Culture has attracted Japanese, Korean, American, Sri Lankan, Hongkong and Taiwan Province. Various provinces, cities and tea-producing counties have held "tea festivals" in succession, such as the Rock Tea Festival in Wuyi City, Fujian Province, the Pu 'er Tea Festival in Yunnan Province, the tea festivals in Xinchang, Zhejiang Province, Taishun, Yingshan, Hubei Province and Xinyang, Henan Province, all of which take tea as the carrier to promote all-round economic and trade development. Since the discovery of tea, it has spread from the origin center to the southeast and south China of China, and has been introduced abroad through various channels. At present, the varieties and drinking methods of tea in more than 50 tea-producing countries in the world all come from China. China tea first spread to Japan, starting in the Han Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, a large number of Japanese monks came to China. During the years of Yongzheng in Tang Shunzong and Yuanhe in Tang Xianzong, Japanese monks Zuyi (805) and Konghai (806) went to the National Assembly Temple in Tiantai Mountain in China to study Buddhism and brought tea back to China. During the Xichun period, the Zen master from Songxi, Japan visited twice (1 187). In the second year after the establishment of the East India Company (1607), China tea was introduced to Europe. Dutch ships first transshipped tea from Macau to Java. 1664 and 1666, tea was imported into Australia as a "tribute". 1669, British Indian company delivered140,000 pounds of tea to Britain. At that time, only a small amount of China tea was served in cafes in London. /kloc-At the beginning of the 7th century, during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty (16 18), the ambassador to China brought a small amount of tea to Russia. 1689 After the signing of the Treaty of Nebuchadnezzar Chu, China imported a large amount of tea into Russia. In the middle of19th century (1893), China tea workers were hired to develop tea production. Later, China tea was introduced to Southeast Asian countries from Europe and China. 1684, German Claire introduced China tea to Java. 1780, the British planted tea varieties from Guangdong and Fujian in Bedan and Gargeda Botanical Gardens. 1825, the Dutch bought a large number of China tea seeds and planted them on a large scale in Java. 1834, Goldon, India trafficked many batches of tea seeds from China to India, and hired China tea workers for technical guidance and planting. 1824, Sri Lanka introduced tea seeds from China. 184 1 later, Bug hired China tea-making workers to introduce tea-making technology. Since the 20th century, the world tea has developed rapidly. There are more than 50 tea-producing countries, with a tea garden area of more than 500,000 hectares and a tea output of more than 600,000 tons, making tea a worldwide industry.
Category: My mood | Browse (53) User comments:1yu39698274-2006-12-0714: 00 oooo. .............
(...) ... Woo ... I like it here very much.
... (...) ... Drop by my house when you are free.
... \ _) ...)/... I'll make tea and wait.
..........(_/ .....
*☆∵ ▁▂▄▂▁.★∵∴☆.★∵∴
∴★◢█████◣* ☆.∴★∵★ * ☆
◢████████◣∴ The weather is very cold.
◢■◤█████◥█◣. Give you a sweater, *★
◥ ◤ ? █ █ █ █ ◥ ◤ ?, be careful not to catch a cold!
Hehe, I will come often! ! !
Don't forget to back off! ! ! Comments: Last name: Sponge Brother * First name is up to 50 bytes.
Content:
Verification code: Please enter the four-digit verification code in the figure below, and the letters are case-insensitive.
Can't see clearly?
Baidu in 2006