In the stage of loan approval, credit institutions usually arrange a review post for preliminary examination, and then go to the loan review meeting for review. In the preliminary stage, in addition to reviewing the borrower's information, the review post will also arrange the electronic review procedure. Based on practical experience, this paper will briefly introduce the main points of the initial test and the skills of electric nucleus, hoping to help your work.
First, the main points of the loan preliminary examination
Credit business is a very process-oriented work. The credit business department enters the loan approval stage after completing the loan application, acceptance and field investigation in the early stage. In the stage of loan examination and approval, credit institutions will generally set up a special examination post to conduct a preliminary examination of the borrower's information, and only after the preliminary examination is completed will they go to the loan examination Committee for deliberation. (This is a general process design, and different companies may have some differences based on different business types. )
As far as the preliminary examination is concerned, taking a small loan company as an example, the business department is responsible for the loan application, acceptance and field investigation in the early stage. According to the business process, after the business department completes the on-the-spot investigation before lending, when the person in charge of the business department submits the loan to the review post for review in the credit system, it is necessary to submit the paper documents and video materials to the review post at the same time, and the review post will first review the borrower's information and situation. It is a very important step for the audit post to audit the compliance, authenticity and integrity of the borrower's information, and the staff of the audit post must take it seriously.
The key points of post evaluation mainly include:
1, data review
Review whether the relevant information of the applicant is complete, whether the content is complete, and whether the application form and loan contract conform to the specifications;
Different types of products require customers to provide different information. As an audit post, it is necessary to audit whether the borrower's information is complete according to the requirements of different products. For the application form, loan contract and other documents that need to be filled in and signed by the borrower, it is necessary to check whether the filling meets the requirements of the company, whether the handwriting is clear and easy to read, and whether there is any omission.
2. Review of access conditions
The audit post needs to audit whether the borrower meets the company's access conditions according to the company's requirements for different products. Among them, the key points that need to be paid attention to are: confirming the authenticity of the borrower's identity, whether the industry is restricted or prohibited, whether the loan project has policy and compliance risks, whether the age meets the access conditions, whether the industry is an access industry, whether there are bad credit records, social reputation, moral conduct, etc., whether there is a clear loan purpose and whether it is used.
For example, when we are doing the full mortgage business of automobiles, the customer access conditions are as follows:
Attachment 1: Entry Conditions for Full-payment Vehicle Mortgage Business
1,/kloc-a natural person with full civil capacity from 0/8 to 60 years old;
2, good credit status, a fixed occupation or normal operation, a predictable source of repayment;
3. There is a clear loan purpose, and the loan purpose is reasonable and legal;
4. There are local accounts, and foreign accounts need to live and work in this city for a long time;
5. The borrower is the owner of the vehicle;
6. The vehicle license is a local license;
7. The vehicle is within 5 years, and the model can be a car or a commercial vehicle;
8. Registration certificate, driving license, driver's license, insurance policy, spare key, etc. Is complete;
9. Buy a car for more than 3 months (be cautious within 3 months).
Note: The above access conditions are for reference. Due to the different risk preferences of lending institutions and local conditions, lending institutions engaged in car loan business can make adjustments on the above basis according to their own conditions.
Annex 2: Import ban (unacceptable)
1,1under 8 years old (exclusive), or over 60 years old (exclusive);
2. There is no clear loan purpose or the loan purpose does not meet the company's loan regulations;
3. Failing to provide the corresponding information truthfully and completely as required by the company;
4. Provide false certification materials, such as false business license, lease contract, purchase and sale contract, property right certificate, bank current account, guarantor's income certificate, etc. ;
5. Having a bad credit record;
6. The vehicle belongs to a vehicle that has had a major accident;
7. Persons with criminal records, reeducation through labor, reeducation through labor, released from prison, etc.
8. Employees in vehicle modification, used car maintenance and car loan industry;
9. Other circumstances.
Note: The above information is for reference. Due to the different risk preferences of lending institutions and local conditions, lending institutions engaged in car loan business can make adjustments on the above basis according to their own conditions.
(3) Check whether the investigation report is completely filled in as required, whether the calculation of key financial indicators is accurate, whether the data acquisition method is explained, whether it is cross-verified, whether the contents before and after are logical, whether the rating in the customer's credit rating table is reasonable, whether the credit scheme in the investigation report is reasonable, whether the loan amount, term, interest rate, guarantee method and repayment method are suitable for the actual situation of customers, and whether the credit rating table and the investigation report are signed and confirmed;
(4) Examining the reliability and stability of the applicant's main income sources, main business risks and the guarantor's guarantee ability;
(5) Review whether the loan officer has fulfilled the duty of on-site investigation as required, whether the loan officer and the applicant are related parties, whether the credit investigation opinions are objective and detailed, and whether they are operated according to the company's business process.
If any unqualified place is found, it should be returned to the loan officer, who will supplement the corresponding materials or refuse to lend according to the audit opinion.
Second, about the nuclear
In the preliminary examination of the borrower's information, the review post shall verify the basic information of the loan application and investigation with the borrower, the borrower's family and the guarantor by telephone for each loan. This verification process is generally called electrical verification in the industry. In order to prevent moral hazard of employees, a certain proportion of businesses need to be audited on site. The company shall formulate the selection rules for spot check business. The basic principle is that it cannot be recommended by loan officers, and it can be determined by combining random sampling with decision-maker designation, but it is necessary to ensure that the audit scope can cover all loan officers within a certain period of time. In the process of on-site review, we should focus on solving doubts and doubts, and pay attention to the authenticity of business projects, the rationality and authenticity of loan purposes, and the accuracy of business data.
1, network core in front of battery.
Before the electronic audit, the audit post should conduct online audit on the basis of reviewing the materials handed over by the business department. The main methods include searching through Baidu and GOOGLE according to the customer's name, company, mobile phone number and related information, such as name judgment, name overdue, name blacklist, name lending, name company name, company and affiliated company name, name overdue, name blacklist, name area lending, name work abbreviation, etc. Inquire about the borrower's corporate website, personal website, corporate blog, personal blog, corporate Weibo, personal Weibo (if any), the national corporate credit information publicity system of the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the websites of the industrial and commercial bureaus of various provinces and cities, the national organization code management center of credit network, the national information inquiry system of the Supreme People's Congress, the national information inquiry system of the list of people who have lost their trust, and the national citizen ID number inquiry service center.
2, nuclear points and matters needing attention
1. Electronic nuclear objects and speech
◆ Nuclear borrower
You can ask the information in the relevant materials of the borrower and the problems found in the preliminary examination, such as the borrower's name, family members (names and information of spouse, parents and children), whether you know the contact person, loan purpose, income, home address, assets, liabilities, guarantee, telephone number, what buildings are around the unit, etc.
Basic speech
Hello, is this Mr. Zhang Moumou? I am a business person of a company, and your loan application in that company has been submitted to our department. Now I have some related questions that need to be further verified with you.
How much is your application? What is the purpose of this loan? What company do you work for now? What is your current monthly income? Do you know Liu Moumou (left contact)? What is Liu's relationship with you? Can you tell me something about your property (vehicle)? Why don't you tell us about your debt? Tell me about your main upstream and downstream customers? (Other questions are omitted)
Note: In addition to asking some basic questions, you must ask questions in combination with the doubts and problems (including the core of the net) found in the previous review.
For example, if we find that the client has undisclosed information about the executed person on the information inquiry platform of the executed person, we can ask it when checking the right.
Q: Do you know Liu Moumou (application executor)? See if the borrower has truthfully disclosed it, and if so, ask him why he concealed it when submitting the information. If he says he doesn't know, we'll ask him about the execution. For example, you can ask him this question: We found out that Liu Moumou filed a case of enforcement with you as the respondent in Chaoyang District, Beijing, and the case number was ××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××
In addition, if we find that the borrower (natural person) is suspected to be a shareholder of a company and serves as the legal representative through online inquiry of industrial and commercial information during online audit, but the borrower has not disclosed it, we can ask:
Q: Besides being a shareholder of a company, have you ever invested in other companies or served as their legal representatives?
◆ Nuclear family members
Hello, is this XXX? I am a salesman of a company. Do you know Zhang Moumou? Zhang Moumou applied for a loan of 500,000 yuan in our company, and left your phone number for verification of relevant information. I have some questions to check with you now.
Zhang Moumou's relationship with you? A: It's my son. Do you know his current address (house number)? Is your son's current residence bought or rented? What is your son's current marital status? If you are married, you can ask your children where you go to school. Do you know anything about his work? Can you tell me the name and address of his company? How long has he worked in the company? Have you heard what business he is doing recently? (According to the borrower's loan purpose) If the borrower is a foreigner, do you need to ask when you came to this area?
If it is the borrower's spouse, it is also necessary to ask him if he knows about the loan, whether he knows the purpose of the loan and whether he supports the loan.
◆ When nuclear power units and colleagues
Hello, is this XXX? I am a salesman of a company. Do you know Zhang Moumou? Zhang Moumou applied for a loan of 500,000 yuan in our company, and left your phone number for verification of relevant information. I want to know something about him now.
Examiners can verify the company's name and address, the company's operating years and main business, the number of employees and the industry; The borrower's working years, position and income in the unit, etc.
◆ Electric nuclear friend time
Hello, is this XXX? I am a salesman of a company. Do you know Zhang Moumou? Zhang Moumou applied for a loan of 500,000 yuan in our company, and left your phone number for verification of relevant information. I want to know something about him now.
What's the relationship between Zhang Moumou and you? How long have you known each other? What is the borrower's family and marital status? Married, asking about the status of spouse and children? What occupation does the borrower engage in? What is the borrower's asset status? What are the interests of borrowers? Whether there is economic contact with the borrower (whether to do business, whether to cooperate with partners, whether to borrow money, etc.) ).
(In specific business, credit institutions should have different nuclear priorities according to specific business types, such as mortgage and car loan, and should focus on verifying the situation of houses and cars. )
2. Other preventive measures
◆ Pay attention to the way of asking questions.
There are two basic ways to ask questions: closed and open. The review post shall, in combination with the information submitted by customers and the network audit, adopt appropriate methods to check the borrower.
As far as closed questions are concerned, customers can only answer "yes" or "no" to such questions. Are you Mr Zhang Moumou? Are you the legal representative of a company? Is your father called Zhang San? Do you work in a company? Do you work as an engineer in a company? For this kind of question, the borrower can only answer yes or no, the customer is easy to cooperate, and it is not easy to cause the borrower's disgust, and the borrower's cooperation degree is generally high. However, it should be noted that such questions should not only be combined with the data and information provided by customers, but also effectively use the information we obtained through the network core or other channels to ask customers. Because this kind of problem has attached some information to the problem, the borrower can get some information from the problem, which has certain limitations. Pay attention to the customer's response attitude and timeliness.
As far as open-ended questions are concerned, respondents need to answer the questions in the pipeline in detail. What's your ID number? What is the purpose of your loan? What is the name of your work unit? What is your monthly income? Can you tell me your home address?
In the open-ended question, the borrower can't get the relevant information from the question, so the borrower needs to answer according to the specific situation. Examiners can compare customers' answers with the information they already know, so as to confirm the authenticity of the information, which is also the specific application of cross-checking in credit business. However, if there are too many such inquiries, it is easy to arouse customers' resentment and may even refuse to cooperate with nuclear power.
It is suggested that the examiner should design questions and ways of asking questions according to the specific situation of customers and the situation of network core. In the process of asking questions, it is better to use closed-ended questions and open-ended questions alternately according to different questions and customers' reactions. In addition, according to the customer's reaction, the way of asking questions should be adjusted flexibly in time.
◆ Pay attention to questioning skills and nuclear etiquette.
Some tips can be used in the electricity audit, such as trial and error questioning method (deliberately misreporting some information in the problem), changing identity questioning method (the examiner hides his identity and chooses other identities to verify the borrower's information, which should be used with caution), secondary electricity audit (calling twice to verify important issues) and so on.
In addition to these skills, the examiner should also pay attention to learning the basic etiquette of nuclear power. When conducting nuclear power, you should wear WeChat (your smiling customers can hear you), use standard words, standard words, no idioms and rude words, articulate clearly, pay attention to tone and volume, speed of speech, communication skills, give appropriate responses to customers' answers, and pay attention to controlling the direction and rhythm of nuclear power.
After reviewing the materials in writing, online and electronically, the audit staff will judge the compliance, authenticity and completeness of the loan materials, and it is necessary to focus on whether the customers are suspected of fraudulent loans and whether the employees have moral hazard. After the review post completes the review, the review post needs to sign the review opinions on the compliance, authenticity and completeness of the loan data and the results of the electricity audit on the loan review opinion form. The review post is responsible for reviewing the compliance, authenticity and integrity of the loan application. For qualified businesses, they can be submitted for approval. The unqualified business must be returned to the loan officer, who will supplement the corresponding materials or refuse to lend according to the audit opinion.
What is the focus of loan review?
When inquiring about the credit information of borrowers, general lending institutions will inquire about the credit information records of users in the past two years, mainly checking the following contents:
1. Personal information: The personal information of the user will be recorded in the credit report, including name, age, address, telephone number, education background, work unit and other information, and then compared according to the personal information submitted by the user to see if the information is consistent for review. Therefore, users must not cheat when applying for loans. After all, your personal information will be recorded in detail in the credit report. Once false information is provided, the loan will fail.
2. Number of credit inquiries: Every time a user is inquired about credit, there will be a record. If the number of credit inquiries is more and the time for applying for loans is shorter, then it means that he has applied for more loans, and his economic situation is not very healthy, which may affect the application results of his own loans.
3. Liabilities: Lending institutions will check the current loan situation of users, including lending institutions, loan amount, remaining unpaid amount, etc. If users are currently repaying more loans, it means that they have more debts. Once they have more debts, the chances of applying for new loans will be very small.
4. Overdue situation: The lending institution will check whether the user has overdue repayment. Generally, the accumulated overdue debts cannot exceed two times in two years, and these two times cannot be close to the present time. It is best not to be overdue within half a year, otherwise the user's loan will basically not be approved.
5. Open information records: Lending institutions will check the social security payment and various living payment of users, so as to understand the current living conditions of users, and will also roughly calculate the income of users, so as to conduct loan review.
General bank loans will be completed within one week after the loan is approved. If it is a mortgage, it depends on whether the current bank lending funds are tight. If funds are tight, it may take 1 month or even longer to lend money. With sufficient funds, the loan can be completed in a week or two.
In addition, the lending time of different loan products is not necessarily, such as credit loan business, which can be completed on the same day at the earliest.
What are the precautions for corporate loans? Banks focus on reviewing these!
In 2020, many SMEs have financing problems. At this time, you can try to apply for a loan from the bank. Many banks have additional preferential policies for enterprises with better qualifications. So what aspects do banks mainly audit enterprises? Let's get to know each other.
1. loan purpose and amount
According to the borrower's production and operation plan, combined with industry characteristics, production and operation cycle, turnover rate and other factors to determine whether the loan amount applied for is reasonable.
Review the purchase and sale contract provided by the borrower, and check the authenticity of product price, quantity, variety, counterparty qualification and self-owned funds. Calculate the liquidity gap and reasonably control the total amount of liquidity loans. Generally speaking, the "sales-to-loan ratio" is controlled below 40% of the total annual sales revenue.
2. Analysis of repayment sources
According to the borrower's production and operation cycle and expected cash inflow, analyze whether the loan term and maturity date match the repayment ability of the enterprise and whether the repayment plan is reasonable and feasible.
Whether the cash flow, comprehensive income and other income generated by the production and operation of the enterprise are enough to repay the principal and interest of the loan.
3. Guarantee analysis
Review the loan guarantee scheme. Including the basic information of the mortgaged property, the appraised value, the ownership, whether the mortgage rate meets the requirements, whether the mortgaged property is legal and compliant, and whether the value is valid. Guarantor's guarantee ability, willingness to perform, credit status, etc. , judge whether the guarantee scheme is feasible, and if it is considered that it does not meet the guarantee conditions, put forward specific measures and suggestions.
In a word, the bank's review of corporate loans is very strict, and there will be a complicated process, so it will take a long time, so you'd better make full preparations.
Is it difficult to approve ICBC's mortgage? Focus on reviewing these points!
Although house prices are rising, many people still choose to buy houses. ICBC mortgage is a good loan method, so is it difficult to approve ICBC mortgage? In fact, the mortgage review will go through several major processes, and you only need to pay attention to a few points.
1, personal credit information
Because the mortgage term is relatively long and the repayment amount is high, in order to ensure that the borrower can repay on time, the personal credit information of the buyer will be emphatically reviewed, and the credit information of both husband and wife may affect the ultimate success of the mortgage. If there is a stain, ICBC will definitely reject the applicant's mortgage application. Therefore, friends should take good care of their personal credit information, not to mention overdue repayment, even if the number of inquiries is as small as possible.
2. Solvency
To apply for ICBC mortgage, you must provide bank running water, work certificate and other financial certificates. ICBC will definitely decide whether to give you a loan and the length of the loan according to your work unit and monthly income. Generally, the monthly mortgage payment cannot exceed half of the monthly income, and the bank will also measure the borrower's repayment ability according to the social security accumulation fund paid by the applicant.
3. Occupation
Although it is said that 36 banks are the best, different job stability is different. If the borrower's work is similar to unstable factors such as waiters, salesmen, fresh graduates who are still on probation, and outdoor workers at high altitude, it is also unpopular in ICBC. The reason is nothing more than fear that the applicant will be unable to repay the loan after leaving his job or losing his job in the future.
To sum up, ICBC's mortgage approval is not difficult, mainly depending on these aspects. Everyone must ensure good personal credit and provide enough proof of repayment to have a chance of success.
Do a good job of pre-loan review from five angles
Pre-loan investigation refers to the investigation of the basic situation of the loan applicant before the bank issues the loan, and makes a preliminary judgment on whether it meets the loan conditions and the amount that can be issued. The focus of the investigation mainly includes credit status, operation, compliance and legality of loan application, loan guarantee, etc. Pre-loan investigation is an important basis for loans. What is the borrower's borrowing background, solvency and whether it can be loaned? The better the pre-loan investigation, the more reliable the loan decision.
First of all, from the perspective of examination and approval.
In the process of applying for credit, many small and micro enterprises often exaggerate their real operating conditions in order to enhance their image. Some inexperienced account managers are fooled by business owners, thinking that the business is really good, and then the statements are all about how good the business is and how high the profits are.
When approving the report, the approver values not how good he is literally, but why he is good, what products the enterprise produces, what is the business model of the enterprise, where is his profit source, and what channels can be cross-verified.
The real basis of investigation is whether the enterprise has the ability and willingness to repay, that is, whether the enterprise can finally repay the money you lent, which is the main point in the report.
For example, the manufacturing industry should know his workshop, warehouse, raw material cost, growth line, production technology, whether he has his own plant equipment, whether he has his own plant equipment, the number of workers and labor costs, and confirm the production process and inventory status of the enterprise. If there are assembly lines, look at how many assembly lines have been opened. If the enterprise has idle production lines, it must investigate the specific reasons, whether the enterprise can't receive orders, resulting in insufficient orders, and whether the enterprise misjudges the market demand.
Two, three aspects of loan use
The reason of borrowing refers to why the borrower needs to borrow, while the purpose of borrowing refers to the specific destination of borrowing, which reflects the need of borrowing. The loan purpose is closely related to the loan demand, and the loan demand is closely related to the loan purpose, and the loan purpose will eventually be reflected in the loan purpose.
First, according to the field survey to predict the loan projects and the funding gap, analyze the reasons for the funding gap, whether it is because of expanding sales or increasing accounts receivable, whether increasing prepayments conforms to the business rules of the industry, whether it violates the legal provisions, and so on.
Second, carefully review the information submitted by the borrower and make a judgment on the authenticity and rationality of the application. If necessary, you can go to the site for investigation and verification to ensure that the funds flow to a safe place, and at the same time pay close attention to the trading business related to the purpose of the loan to prevent fraudulent loans.
Third, before the formal loan, we must clearly fulfill the obligation to inform the borrower that the loan can only be used for the production and operation of the enterprise. , can not be used for stock trading or other unrelated purposes. In order to completely dispel doubts, the loan funds will be paid directly to the client's transaction object, not the corporate account.
Third, from the perspective of field trips.
Field investigation is an important basis for pre-loan investigation. You never know whether the object of your loan is a shell company or a real business entity unless you borrow the real business premises of the enterprise. If it is only a shell company listed on the market, it is likely that banks will face the problem of collecting loans and simply don't know where to find borrowers.
And it is best for enterprises to work in office buildings or have their own factories. For those companies that put their offices in residential buildings or houses, banks can infer whether they don't have enough financial resources to rent formal office space at this stage, or they are probably leather bag companies.
In the process of investigating the specific situation of the enterprise, we can examine whether the enterprise is in normal production and operation and whether the machinery and equipment of the enterprise are in normal operation (some enterprises often cheat the loan officer in the name of maintenance, so those who stop production, no matter what the reason, must investigate and verify).
The number of equipment, whether the machinery and equipment are fully utilized, what is the production and operation mode of the enterprise, how many production personnel are there, whether the front-line employees have received systematic training, how the overall quality and vitality of the employees are, how the internal and surrounding environment of the factory is, and how the hydropower equipment of the enterprise is running (full equipment and three shifts of employees indicate that individual operations are normal).
Whether there is inventory backlog (the inventory quantity must be consistent with the reported quantity), whether there is wage arrears, whether there are perfect management systems and rules and regulations, and whether there is a good corporate culture, we must understand all aspects of pre-loan investigation, what we want to understand, what we want to understand and what we suspect. If in doubt, be sure to listen to the accounts for further verification.
When visiting customers on the spot, you can go to the grocery store or convenience store near the customer's business premises to buy something and ask about the operation of this factory. Chatting with the canteen owner by chatting or chatting is sure to get many unexpected surprises.
Fourth, from the perspective of the industry.
Need to have a wealth of industry knowledge, for new employees can go online to learn about the operation mode and profit point of a specific industry. In the pre-loan investigation, we should pay attention to analyze the current trend, industry characteristics, operating conditions, competition degree, development trend, industry life, whether it belongs to local mainstream industries, profitability of enterprises and possible risks in operation, and measure their ability to resolve risks. Engaged in energy, food, medicine, toxic chemicals, pesticides, printing and other special industries. , need to provide a special industry business license issued by the competent department.
Five, from the perspective of subject qualification.
In the process of adjustment, it is also necessary to review the subject qualification, such as whether the borrower's subject qualification is legal, how much the borrower's registered capital is subscribed, whether the registered capital is phased, whether it will affect the business operation, whether the borrower's business license qualification certificate is valid, and how the borrower's credit standing, external guarantee, debt status and debt ratio are in the People's Bank of China. It is necessary to know clearly through credit report and various channels.