Fruit discipline is one of the traditional disciplines established earlier in Anhui Agricultural University. Its predecessor was the discipline of fruit trees in the Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, National Anhui University, which was founded in 1947. 1952 during the adjustment of departments, the major was transferred to the Agricultural College of Zhejiang University. 1September, 958, the department of horticulture was established again in our school, and the specialty of fruit trees was established. Later, the department of horticulture was once revoked and merged into the Ministry of Forestry, and was set as a fruit tree major. The fruit tree specialty was rebuilt again on 1979. 1993 the professional catalogue of the Ministry of agriculture was adjusted, and the fruit tree specialty and the vegetable specialty were merged into the gardening specialty. 1In May, 1996, the discipline of fruit trees was granted the right to enroll postgraduates and confer degrees. 1997 began to recruit postgraduates. This subject has a key laboratory at the school level-the Key Laboratory of Fruit Tree Science, which consists of four laboratories: molecular biology, tissue culture, information technology and physiology and biochemistry, and mainly carries out unconventional breeding, virus-free and rapid propagation of seedlings, application of information technology in fruit tree science and physiological and biochemical analysis of fruit trees. In the past five years, * * * has undertaken 26 scientific research projects; He has published 68 academic papers, including 4 SCI papers, 1 ISTP 1 article, 8 national core journals1article, 5 national1article and 25 provincial papers. The new delicious kiwifruit variety Wancui, the effective control technology of kiwifruit canker, the new varieties of soft-seeded pomegranate series Baiyu Stone Seed, Red Agate Seed and Ruby Seed, and the early-maturing plum Annong Beauty have passed the provincial achievement appraisal or variety approval; The breeding and popularization of a new delicious kiwifruit variety "Wancui" won the third prize of scientific and technological progress in Anhui Province in 2004; The research on new pomegranate variety breeding and supporting cultivation techniques in Huaiyuan won the second prize of Anhui Science and Technology Progress in 2006. The continuous development of fruit tree discipline construction has promoted the development of fruit tree scientific research, the teaching level of teachers has made great progress, and the quality of trained talents has been continuously improved. The application of modern molecular biology technology has become a necessary means for the further development of fruit tree cultivation physiology research. The research on the molecular biological mechanism of fruit tree cultivation physiology in China is still in its infancy. The research work carried out in this research direction is as follows: ① To study the gene expression of fruit trees under adverse conditions such as temperature, water and salinity, screen, clone and express resistance genes, reveal the genetic essence of resistance physiology of fruit trees, and provide molecular biological basis for resistance prediction and resistance improvement of fruit trees. ② Physiological mechanism of improving drought tolerance, salt tolerance and alkalinity of fruit trees by ion beam. It is of great significance to improve the adaptability of important economic tree species by ion beam.
The study of physiological metabolism of fruit trees is another important aspect of this direction. The research contents to be carried out in the future are as follows: ① To study the related enzymes and genes that control the synthesis and transformation of sugar, acid and other compounds in the process of fruit quality formation, and to reveal the synthesis and transformation mechanism of sugar and acid in fruit from the level of enzymology and molecular biology, so as to provide basis for further regulating fruit quality from the gene nature. ② Study on the formation and quality control of fruit, paying special attention to the formation and quality of some secondary metabolites-natural products and active ingredients with health care functions. Natural products, physiologically active substances and functional foods (or functional factors) are one of the hot spots studied by scholars all over the world.
Fruit Tree Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology Breeding
Following the successful breeding of early-maturing large-fruit-shaped peach "Annong Shuimi Peach", a new variety of delicious kiwifruit-Wancui, a new variety of soft-seeded pomegranate "Baiyushi Seed", "Ruby Seed" and "Agate Seed" and a new variety of early-maturing large-fruit-shaped plum "Annong Meili" have been cultivated, and these new fruit tree varieties enjoy a high reputation in China.
Huaiyuan pomegranate is a famous and excellent fruit tree in our province. RAPD and ISSR analysis were carried out on the DNA of soft-seeded pomegranate mutant, mutant mother plant and common pomegranate to study their genetic differences and construct the molecular genetic map of soft-seeded pomegranate. The results will lay a foundation for exploring the variation mechanism of pomegranate vegetative body and molecular-assisted breeding for variety improvement.
Dangshan crisp pear is the fist product of Anhui fruit trees, accounting for 48% of the total pear production in China and about 25% of the total pear production in the world. RAPD, AFLP, ISSR and other molecular markers were studied on Dangshan crisp pear, which provided important information for the genetic variation, variety identification, gene marker and evolution research of pear resources, and provided basis for rational utilization and protection of resources and accelerating pear breeding process.
Biotechnology breeding of fruit trees is a research hotspot at present. In the future, we will carry out systematic research in the following fields: ① Mining and cloning new genes related to fruit tree quality; ② Prokaryotic expression technology of new genes related to fruit quality; ③ Establishment of efficient transgenic regeneration system for fruit trees; ④ Study on genetic transformation system of valuable genes in fruit trees.
The application of modern molecular biology technology in fruit tree physiology and biochemistry has become a necessary means for the further development of fruit tree cultivation physiology research. The research on the molecular biological mechanism of fruit tree cultivation physiology in China is still in its infancy. The research work carried out in this research direction is as follows: ① To study the gene expression of fruit trees under adverse conditions such as temperature, water and salinity, screen, clone and express resistance genes, reveal the genetic essence of resistance physiology of fruit trees, and provide molecular biological basis for resistance prediction and resistance improvement of fruit trees. ② Physiological mechanism of improving drought tolerance, salt tolerance and alkalinity of fruit trees by ion beam. It is of great significance to improve the adaptability of important economic tree species by ion beam.
The study of physiological metabolism of fruit trees is another important aspect of this direction. The research contents to be carried out in the future are as follows: ① To study the related enzymes and genes that control the synthesis and transformation of sugar, acid and other compounds in the process of fruit quality formation, and to reveal the synthesis and transformation mechanism of sugar and acid in fruit from the level of enzymology and molecular biology, so as to provide basis for further regulating fruit quality from the gene nature. (2) Research on fruit quality formation and quality control, especially focusing on the formation law and quality of some secondary metabolites with health care functions-natural products and active ingredients. Natural products, physiologically active substances and functional foods (or functional factors) are one of the hot spots studied by scholars all over the world.