(6 ~ 57 BC) Uncle Wen, a native of Caiyang, was a descendant of Emperor Han Jingdi. At the end of the New Dynasty, Wang Mang rose up against the war between Wang Mang and Kunyang, and saved the day with light weapons. Wang Xun and millions of other people suddenly fell apart. The death knell of Wang Mang's regime rang. Guangwu was partial to Hebei, pacified Wang Lang and surrendered to the bronze horse, which laid the foundation of ZTE with difficulty. Unify the world, make Luoyang its capital, restore the Han regime, and be the Lord of the rejuvenation of the Han Dynasty. Political measures are based on the principle of quietness and frugality, building imperial academy, advocating Confucianism, respecting chastity and being a virtuous king. In his thirty-three years in office, he was called Guangwu, and the temple name was Shizu.
Reasonable placement of heroes. In the history of the founding emperor, a group of heroes started the emperor's industry together. There is often a very complicated relationship between the founding emperor and the founding fathers. If it is not handled well, it will be arrogant and even endanger the imperial power. Or have doubts and fears, have second thoughts, and even set up another banner. In this regard, the history of the early Western Han Dynasty left a profound lesson, so that Han Xin issued a "cunning rabbit dies, a good dog cooks;" High birds are exhausted, good bows are hidden; The feeling of "the enemy is defeated and the counselor is dead" tells the bitter history of many founding fathers.
Liu Xiu established the imperial industry through fierce fighting between blood and fire. In this process, a large number of resourceful and brave generals have made great achievements. The most famous of them are "Twenty-eight Generals of Yuntai", namely Deng Yu, Ma Cheng, Hailing Wuhan, Wang Liang, Jia Fu, Jun Chen, Geng Yan (y m 4 n), Du Zang, Kou Xun, Jun Fu, Cen Peng, Jane Kan, Feng Yi, Wang Ba, You Zhu, Ren Guang, Ji Zun, Li Zhong, Jing Dan, Wan Xiu and Li Zhong.
Liu Xiu still pays more attention to those heroes with high political ability and lets them participate in state affairs. Deng Yu, for example, is good at strategy and magnanimous, and Liu Xiu often entrusts him with important tasks. Liu Xiu acceded to the throne and appointed Deng Yu as Da Situ, Hou and Shi Yiwan as Hu. In the spring of the 28th year of Jianwu, Deng Yu was ordered to lead the army south, capture Liu Jia and defeat Cen Yan. In the 13th year of Jianwu (37), the world was decided, and Deng Yu was named Gaomihou.
On the other hand, Liu Xiu does not give real power to those heroes who have repeatedly made outstanding achievements but lack the ability to govern the country, but only let them enjoy the splendor and enjoy the rest of their lives. For example, when Ma Cheng and Liu Xiu conquered Hebei, they abandoned their official positions and went to Yang Man to catch up with Liu Xiu. He killed Li Xian, defeated Xiao Wei, broke Hechi and pacified Wudu. He was once named Ping Shuhou and General Yang Wu, and was finally named Quanjiao Hou. Another example is Ma Wu, who is a rebellious hero with a low level of education. However, he always takes the lead in the battle, is brave and invincible, and has repeatedly made meritorious deeds. After Liu Xiu proclaimed himself emperor, he worshipped as a servant, rode as a captain, and sealed mountains as the capital. Liu Xiu once had dinner with a hero. He asked, "What would you have achieved if you hadn't encountered great changes in the current situation?" Deng Yu first said: "When I was young, I studied in the bronze pot of bird seal in Han Dynasty, and I could be a doctor of county literature." Liu Xiu thought Deng Yu was too modest, so he said, "You are a noble family with noble moral aspirations. Why don't you be a meritorious Cao? " Others also answered one by one. Ma Wu said without thinking: "I have the courage and courage to be a guard, specializing in catching robbers." Hearing this, Liu Xiu smiled and said to Ma Wu, "As long as you don't be a thief and don't get caught, it's very good to be a village director." From this incident, we can see the close relationship between Liu Xiu and these heroes. Despite this, Liu Xiu still only awarded bonuses, but not real power.
Liu Xiu likes these heroes very much because they are honest and self-respecting. No wonder Wang Fuzhi, a beginner in the Qing Dynasty, praised them for "the following three generations, the monarch and the minister helped each other, and only the Eastern Han Dynasty flourished"!
Restrict the power of the consortium. During the 200-odd years of the Western Han Dynasty, the consorts monopolized the power for many times, and the greatest threat to the rule of the Han Dynasty was twice: once, the dictatorship of Lv Hou in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China; The other time was at the end of the Western Han Dynasty, when Wang Zhaofei became king from the public and then proclaimed himself emperor. Liu Xiushao is very familiar with the history, especially when he witnessed it for the last time. Similar to his attitude towards heroes, he is also cautious about his consorts.
At the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, he considered that consorts were the relying force for him to carry out the unified war and consolidate the political power, so there were many appointments and rewards. For example, Yin Shi, the half-brother of Queen Yin Lihua, was appointed as the riding captain after he acceded to the throne and changed his name to Yin; The queen and her mother and brother Yin Xing followed Liu Xiu all the time, and later served as Wei Wei, giving him the title of Marquis in Shanhaiguan. However, after the rule was stable, Liu Xiu began to restrain his consorts and prevent them from forming political parties for personal interests. For example, Wei Wei's "Yin Xing" and Xin Yang's "Hou Yin" are outstanding, and he respects talented people very much. Yan Feng is one of them. He was good at poetry, especially ci fu, which was appreciated by the Yin brothers, and he had a lot of contacts, and the king also respected him all the more. Liu Xiu, in view of the lesson that consorts in the Western Han Dynasty made friends and disturbed the state affairs, ordered that all the guests made by consorts should be punished according to law, and those who were serious were put to death, while those who were light were demoted. Yan Feng also offended, dismissed from office and returned home, and died in poverty. In this way, guests dare not make friends with their consorts easily, and consorts dare not attract guests easily. By the end of his reign, the restrictions on spouses were stricter. On the choice of a teacher, he made it clear that he didn't need his consort Yin Shi, but needed to admonish Minister Yi Cheung. Four months before his death, he even sent an honorific message to Lv Zhi, the Empress Dowager of Sikong Gaoli Temple, announcing that she should not eat Gaoli Temple. In this way, the power of consorts to participate in politics was restricted and weakened, the threat was effectively controlled, and the imperial power was effectively strengthened.
Guangwu Emperor Liu Xiu was a Confucian emperor. During Wang Mang's Tianfeng years, he went to Chang 'an to study history with Xu Ziwei, a native of Lujiang. But he never sticks to the past, but strives for comprehensive knowledge. In an era when the world is not peaceful and wars are frequent, whenever he has leisure, he also studies and discusses Confucianism, classics and literature. Therefore, he gives the impression that "classics are easy to read, political affairs are argumentative, and previous lives are unparalleled."
Governing the world with Confucian strategies. Liu Xiu knows that it takes courage and boldness to seize the world, relying on military commanders, while governing the world requires foresight and relying on literati. Therefore, at the beginning of the establishment of the Eastern Han Dynasty, he pacified the world by force, adopted a series of political and economic measures to consolidate political power, and at the same time devoted himself to reviving Confucianism, paying attention to unifying and stabilizing people's hearts from the ideological field, and cultivating and selecting talents for governing the country. He ordered the extensive collection and collation of ancient books and records, "collecting what is lacking and filling what is lacking". When he moved the capital to Luoyang, "his secretary carried more than 2,000 cars." Since then, it has tripled. "This prepared the conditions for him to revive Confucianism and carry forward the enlightenment thought.
Start a school. He ascended the throne for five years (29), and built a imperial academy outside Luoyang City Gate to teach Confucian classics. People who read widely will follow. Set up a doctor of five classics and restore the study of fourteen doctors in the Western Han Dynasty. He also personally visited imperial academy to reward Confucian scholars. Under his advocacy, not only did the central government set up Imperial College, but also many counties and counties set up schools during the Jianwu period, and private schools founded by the people mushroomed. Whether in government or private schools, doctors and students have prepared talents for the spread and enlightenment of Confucianism.
Choose Confucian scholars as officials. At the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, Liu Xiu paid attention to "retiring after success and becoming a scholar-bureaucrat". These "literati" are mainly Confucian scholars, and they are known in history as "worshiping martial arts and rejuvenating the country, loving classics and not getting off the bus, and visiting elegance first". He has extensively collected Confucian scholars and held important positions in China. For example, Liu Kun, a scholar of Yijing, Ouyang Kui, a scholar of Shangshu, Ding Gong, a scholar of Chunqiu, and Bao Xian, a scholar of The Analects of Confucius, have all been appointed as important positions such as a surname, a great Stuart, and an assistant. These Confucian scholars entered politics, which not only helped the imperial court to better formulate and implement policies, but also played a positive role in the spread of Confucian classics.
Lide Chuixun
Liu Xiu stepped onto the historical stage in the changing situation of the Han Dynasty. How did Liu Canxiu, who had no handle, destroy the heroes and rebuild the Han Dynasty? In the early years of the devastated and prosperous Eastern Han Dynasty, how did Liu Xiu set things right? In a special era of contradictions and serious moral decay, how can Liu Canxiu change and stand with the people? In his 62-year life, 36-year official career and 33-year imperial career, he left many problems worth thinking about and many experiences worth summing up.
Sincere, honest and thrifty Liu Xiu lost his father at the age of 9 and was brought up by his uncle. He went to primary school in Xiaoxian, where his uncle worked, and completed the enlightenment education. Later, I came to Chang 'an imperial academy to study, majoring in Confucian classics. His growth, life and education have formed his honest, diligent and self-motivated character.
After studying in Chang 'an, Liu Xiu returned to his hometown in Nanyang to run his family business and engage in agricultural production. History calls him "loving others and diligent in farming". Because he "grew up in the people, he is rather hypocritical" and knows well the difficulties of the people and peasants and the likes and dislikes of the people's feelings, so he is politically lenient and greatly lightens the burden on the people. When the town was in Hebei, the Red Eyebrow Army was in Hedong. Someone once suggested filling it with water, and millions of people could make it into fish, but Liu Xiu didn't adopt it. Another thing reflects Liu Xiuren's kind character from one side. At the beginning of the uprising, people were afraid of Liu and others' anti-mang actions, doubted Liu's character, or stopped to wait and see, or "hid in Tibet", and their hearts were wavering. However, when Liu Xiu appeared in front of people wearing a big hat and a crimson military uniform, people were surprised and said, "Sincere people will do this again!" So they joined the uprising team one after another, and the uprising army grew.
After Liu Xiu became emperor, he got up early every morning, went to the court early to discuss and give speeches, and went to bed late. Handle government affairs "conscientiously". Seeing that he was overworked, the prince advised him to take a rest, but he said, "I enjoy it, not tired."
Life is simple and not flashy. He is "well dressed, without heavy color, does not listen to the voice of Zheng, and does not play with pearls and jade." He repeatedly refused the suggestion of ministers to "worship Mount Tai", and it was not until one year before his death that he led hundreds of officials to climb Mount Tai. In response to the growing trend of "thick burial" that Qin Shihuang began to form, he repeatedly wrote to advocate thin burial. He practiced it himself. When building Shouling for himself, he said to Dou Rong: "Now the land is only two or three hectares, but there is no water because there are mountains and ponds." Before he died, he wrote another testament, saying, "I am of no benefit to the people, just like Emperor Xiaowen's system, and everything is done according to the contract." Therefore, The Biography of Officials in the Later Han Dynasty praised this period as "the wind of diligence, one after another".
Liu Xiu's government is honest and strict, resolutely cracking down on and severely punishing officials and behaviors that take bribes and bend the law, and will never be soft. In the 15th year of Jianwu (39), Liu Xiu issued a letter to check the number of privately owned land, and to check whether the age of registered permanent residence was consistent with the actual situation. This is the influential Du Tian in the history of the Eastern Han Dynasty. However, this policy has been resisted to varying degrees by powerful local forces. Ou Yangjuan, who has just been promoted to Da Situ, was awarded the title of Shangshu by the world. He was a doctor of eight generations and was very popular. However, during his tenure as the prefect of Runan, he did not seriously "go through the motions" as ordered by the imperial court, and took tens of millions of bribes. After Liu Xiu knew it, he immediately went to prison. Although thousands of Confucian scholars waited for the palace and begged for forgiveness, some even wanted to die for him, Liu Xiu still brought him to justice. He also ordered the officials who verified the 2000 stones to be punished if they lied, and killed more than 10 people, including He Nanyin.
Liu Xiu is not good at hunting in the wild. He once went hunting on impulse and didn't come back until late at night. Go to the east gate, Hou Yun refused to open the door. The next day, he added another book and said, "Your Majesty hunts mountains and forests day and night, such as the country and the ancestral temple." I saw it, gave Zhi 100 a piece of cloth, and demoted the official of Dongzhongmen who let him in. Luoyang let Dong Xuan know that Liu Xiu's sister Princess Yanghu's pale head (slave) killed someone and fled to the princess's house. Dong Xuan took the princess out, caught Cang Tou on the road and killed him. Princess Yanghu complained to Liu Xiu who wanted to execute Dong Xuan. Dong Xuan said loudly, "Your Majesty Desheng, how can you rule the world by killing slaves?" Liu Xiu felt reasonable, so she changed her mind and asked Dong Xuan to apologize to the princess, but Dong Xuan refused. Liu Xiu asked the soldiers to put Dong Xuan on the ground, and Dong Xuan put his head in his hands and refused to kowtow. Liu Xiuxiao called Dong Xuan an "injunction" and gave him 300,000 yuan. There is a play in Beijing Opera called "Compulsory Order", which is the story.
Good advice, open-minded Liu Xiu is a "sincere" person, and his sincere personality makes him willing to listen to other people's opinions, thus forming his own decision; Liu Xiu is also a clever master. The reason why he is clever is that he can take the advice of all ministers and correct his mistakes.
On one occasion, Hong Song, a great scholar, was invited to attend Liu Xiu's banquet. He saw beautiful ladies painted on all the newly added screens in the palace. During the dinner, Liu Xiu paid attention to the photos of the ladies from time to time. Seeing this, Hong Song said, "I don't see good virtue as good color." Liu Xiu immediately sent someone to remove the screen and said to Hong Song with a smile: "If you smell its righteousness, you will be convinced, but what?" Selecting talents and appointing people, with an open mind, makes a large number of talents recruited by Liu Xiu give full play to their intelligence and wisdom, and also makes Liu Xiu and the regime he established minimize decision-making mistakes.
Recruit wise men and talents. At the end of Wang Mang's reign, the heroes competed for the world. Heroes from all walks of life look at talents critically, and intellectuals at all levels choose their masters with suspicion. As Ma Yuan and Liu Xiu said when they first met, "In today's world, not only the monarch chooses his ministers, but also the ministers choose him." Therefore, how to treat talents not only shows the monarch's virtue and mediocrity, but also affects the success or failure of his career.
When she first arrived in Hebei, Liu Xiu adopted Deng Yu's suggestion of "recruiting talents" and began to formulate a talent strategy to recruit talents. After Liu Xiu proclaimed himself emperor, he continued to carry out the talent policy, which provided a guarantee for political and economic recovery. The talents in Liu Xiu's regime are very extensive. From the perspective of regional structure, Nanyang people 1 1 person, Yingchuan, Shanggu, Fufeng, Donglai, Julu, Yuyang and Xindu people 17 people. From the source of talents, all kinds of people, some holding the banner of righteousness with him, such as Chen Deng and Li Tong, some defected, such as Deng Yu and Wang Chang, and some won from hostile camps, such as Feng Yi and Dou Rong. From the social level, it is all-encompassing. For example, Wu Han used to be a peddler who sold horses, Wang Chang was born in humble cloth, and Zhuo Mao was a Confucian scholar who was proficient in Confucian classics.
Treat each other with integrity, use without doubt. In 24 years, Liu Xiu attacked Handan and destroyed Wang Lang, and seized a large number of secret documents, including a large number of letters between officials of various counties and counties and Wang Lang. However, Liu Xiu had no intention of opening them, and immediately called all the generals to burn them in public and announced that "the rebels will be safe." When the bronze horse was broken, Liu Xiu treated the generals who came down immediately with courtesy and named them princes. These people are suspicious, so Liu Xiu asked them to return to their original departments and lead their own troops. Liu Xiu rode around the ministries personally, and these generals all felt with emotion: "Xiao Wang (Liu Xiu was once named Xiao Wang by the new emperor) pushed his heart into his stomach, which was too peaceful!" Feng Yi was originally an official of Wang Mang, but Liu Xiu believed it. Because Feng Yi was upright and upright, he didn't invite the meritorious military service, so the generals were called "General Dashu" when evaluating the meritorious military service. Later, he was worshipped as a general of the Western Expedition, and he led troops to guard Guanzhong for a long time, with great prestige. Someone slandered him and said that he wanted to be the "King of Xianyang". After Feng Yi knew it, he wrote to ask for his resignation. Liu Xiu didn't believe the slanderers, and wrote a letter to comfort him, saying, "A general is a country, a righteous monarch and a minister, and is kind to his father and son. Why should he doubt and be afraid? " Completely dispelled Yi Feng's doubts.
Liu Xiu rose abruptly in the struggle against the mang, gradually developed, established the Eastern Han regime, and finally unified China, creating a situation of "rejuvenating the country by using force", which was inseparable from his attention and trust in talents.
The abolition of the queen depends on right and wrong, good and bad. Facing the choice, Liu Xiu can make a decisive decision. This is particularly prominent in his handling of the incident of abolishing the Queen.
Liu Xiu married Yin Lihua for the first time. Yin's family is a new family, and Lihua knows books and rituals since childhood, and her beauty is far-reaching. Liu Xiu went to Xinye and heard about Yin Lihua's beauty. When he saw Taigong's dignity in Chang 'an, he couldn't help sighing: "Wu should be an official and Yin Lihua should be a wife!" In the first year of Gengzi (24), 29-year-old Liu Xiu and Yin Lihua finally got married.
After marriage, Liu Xiu continued to devote herself to the struggle against Mang. When he conquered Wang Lang, he decided that Wang Liuyang would gather more than 654.38+million troops, accept Wang Lang's orders in Handan and refuse to join Liu Xiu. Herry Liu personally persuaded Liu Yang, and Liu Yang reluctantly agreed, but put forward the conditions for marrying Liu Xiu. Liu Yang has a niece named Guo Shengtong who wants to choose a good husband for her. So in the second year of Emperor Geng's reign (23rd), Liu Xiuling took Herry Liu as the medium, gave Goose Gold as a dowry, and decided to go to Calm County to marry Guo Shengtong.
The year after Liu Xiu proclaimed himself emperor, he proposed to establish a queen. He thought that Yin married first, was generous and wanted to be the last one. However, Yin Lihua thought that the Guo family had children and grew up in Wang's family, so she resolutely resigned. As a result, Guo Shengtong was made the Crown Prince of his youngest son, Liu Qiang. However, I have always been obsessed with the Yin family, and I have always loved the Yin family, which makes Queen Guo bear a grudge. This resentment obviously violates the "court religion" advocated by Liu Xiu. In addition, Queen Guo Canwang did not get along well with other concubines in the palace and could not raise children well. In the seventeenth year of Jianwu (4 1), Guo was abolished and Yin Lihua was appointed as the queen. Liu Xiu insisted on her decision, despite the fact that attendants in the temple had advised her to be careful in front of the Queen. Later, Liu Xiu agreed to Liu Yuxin Qiang's request, abolished Liu Yuxin Qiang, and made Liu Yang, the son of Yin Lihua, the king of the East China Sea, a prince, renamed Liu Zhuang, the later Emperor Han Ming. Yin Lihua was later called the queen of light.
In 56 years, Liu Xiu was emperor for more than 30 years. He thinks he can comfort his ancestors. In February, he personally went to Mount Tai to hold a grand "meditation" ceremony to worship heaven and earth. In April, after returning to Luoyang, the imperial edict was immediately changed to Yuan Dynasty, and this year was renamed as "the first year of Jianwu Zhongyuan" to commemorate it, and to show the meaning of starting all over again and renewing Vientiane. Unexpectedly, Liu Xiu died the next year at the age of 63.
Name: Liu Xiusheng was born in the first year of Han Jianping (6 BC)
Zodiac: Rabbit died in the second year of Jianwu Zhongyuan (57)
63 years old, posthumous title: Guangwu
Tan Poulnot. : Shizu Mausoleum: Original Mausoleum (now Jin Meng, Henan)
Year number: Jianwu, Zhongyuan father: Liu Qin
Mother: Fan Xiandu's first marriage: 29 years old
Spouse: Yin Lihua, Guo Shengtong Children: 1 1 son, 5 girls.
Heir to the throne: Liu Zhuang, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty's favorite: the Battle of Kunyang.
The most frustrated: the most unfortunate death of Ji Cheng: the early death of his father.
Most upset: Brother Liu is best at being killed: strategy.
Answer: Stealing Chinese cabbage in a Mercedes-Benz-Magician Level 5 3- 14 16:3 1
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Respondent: 6700 1- manager level 4 3- 14 16:39
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Wang Mang's new dynasty perished. At that time, it was not only farmers who opposed Wang Mang, but also many nobles and emperors' royal families in the Western Han Dynasty took the opportunity to rise up and join hands with the peasant rebels. One of the teams is led by Liu Xiu. At first, he defected to the outlaw hero. Because Liu Xiu is talented, courageous and good at employing people, his team has developed rapidly and won many victories. Later, more and more people supported him. Liu Xiu is bent on restoring the Han Dynasty. In 25 AD, he became emperor himself.
Finally, in the year of AD 27, the Red Eyebrow Army in Greenwood was suppressed and China was unified, because his capital was in Luoyang. In order to distinguish it from the Han Dynasty established by Liu Bang, this dynasty was called "Eastern Han Dynasty" and "Later Han Dynasty" in history. Liu Xiu is the Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty in history.
After the establishment of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty, knew that the people hated the war year after year, and decided to adopt the policies of reducing or exempting taxes, releasing handmaiden, reducing official ranks and titles, and granting amnesty to the people. Therefore, in the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, economic production was restored and developed, so people called Liu Xiu the emperor "Guangxu Zhongxing".
Here is a short story about Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty.
Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty wants to hire a teacher for Zhuang (the son of Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty). For this matter, he asked the ministers for advice and who to invite. Many ministers recommended Yin Shi as a teacher to please the emperor. Why? Because Yin Shi is the prince's uncle. Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty was about to agree when Li Yi, the minister, said angrily with a straight face, "Excuse me, are you asking for a teacher for the prince, for the Yin family or for the country?" This question made Guangwudi dumbfounded. Li Mi added, "If it's for the Yin family, Yin Shi should be a teacher. If it is for the country, you should hire people with real skills. "
Guangwudi not only didn't get angry, but felt reasonable. He said happily, "You are right. Asking for advice for the prince is of course for the country. I see, you are so honest, dare to discuss, correct my mistakes, and you will certainly teach the prince well. Please come and be the teacher of the prince! "
You see, isn't it valuable to be so modest as an emperor? This is also one of the reasons why it flourished in the early Eastern Han Dynasty.
Answer: Nana Y- Magic Apprentice Level 1 3- 14 17:47
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Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty
(6 BC ~ 57 AD)
The founding emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Uncle Wen. Nanyang (now southwest of Zaoyang, Hubei Province) was the grandson of Liu Bang IX, the ancestor of the Han Dynasty, and his father Qin was the prefect of Nan 'an. The name of the temple is the ancestor, Emperor Guangwu. After the uprising of Chimei and Lvlin broke out, in the third year of Emperor Huang (AD 22), in order to restore Liu's rule, he and his brother revolted in Fuling (now Zaoyang South, Hubei) and formed the "Fuling Army". In the fourth year of Emperor Huang, Liu Xiu made great contributions to the Battle of Kunyang. After Liu Xuanbei made Luoyang his capital, Liu Xiu was sent to Fuzhou County, Hebei Province. The powerful landlords in Hebei led clans, guests and children to join Liu Xiu one after another and became his powerful pillar.
Since then, Liu Xiu refused to listen to the mobilization of the regime. In the autumn of the same year, the peasant uprising army in Hebei Province was disintegrated and incorporated, and it grew in strength. Therefore, Kansai called Liu Xiu "Emperor of the Bronze Horse". Soon, it completely broke with the restart system. In June of the first year of Jianwu (AD 25), with the support of his ministers, Liu Xiu proclaimed himself emperor in (now Baixiangbei, Hebei Province), rebuilt the Han regime, and soon made Luoyang his capital, known as the Eastern Han Dynasty in history. In the third year of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Liu Xiu defeated the red-eyed peasant army and controlled the whole middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. Six years, the Kanto unification, Hexi Dou Rong attached. In the ninth and twelfth years of Jianwu, Tianshui and Bashu were successively settled. 12 years later, Liu Xiu finally completed the great cause of reunification.
After the establishment of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Liu Xiu first devoted himself to rectifying the bureaucracy and strengthening the centralization of absolutism. Although he portrayed the hero as a hero and gave him a rich title, he forbade them to interfere in political affairs. The power of princes and consorts is also restricted in many ways. On the administrative system, on the one hand, Liu Xiu further suppressed the three powers, so that all government affairs of the country passed through the bookshelf and finally the emperor was in charge; On the other hand, strengthen the supervision system, improve the authority and status of critical officials, such as Zhong Cheng, Li Si, a captain and secretary history. More than 400 counties across the country were also merged, and the official position was reduced to110. At the same time, Liu Xiu also took many measures to stabilize people's livelihood and restore the broken social economy. In the sixth year of Jianwu, the old system of thirty taxes and one tax was restored. Compared with the late Western Han Dynasty and the war period, the burden of feudal servitude in the early Eastern Han Dynasty was reduced. He issued imperial edicts nine times before and after to release slaves or improve their legal status, so that a large number of slaves were rescued from Shu Ren, refugees returned to the countryside and promoted production. The period of his rule is called "Zhongxing" in history.
In the fifteenth year of Jianwu, in view of the serious phenomenon of "over-the-field house system" and concealing land accounts at that time, Liu Xiu ordered the whole country to inspect land accounts. On the contrary, in the process of inventory, "most of them are deceptive, unpractical and nuclear", "superior arrogance and aggressive weakness". As a result, farmers all over the country rebelled, and powerful people in the county also took the opportunity to make trouble. In this regard, Liu Xiu took different countermeasures. The struggle against peasants is divided and suppressed. After executing more than a dozen county magistrates who made fake fields, they ordered to stop farming and give in to powerful landlords. At the end of his reign, Emperor Guangwu "declared that he wanted to be a prophet of the world", in an attempt to use the mixture of Confucianism and divination theology as an ideological weapon to strengthen the control of people's thoughts.