Editor of Personal Data: The person in charge of this column is Shang Shuling, an army general and posthumous title Houyi.
Family information
Great-grandfather, Faxiong, Wenqiang.
Grandfather's true word is Gao Qing.
Father's method comes from the word season.
Spontaneous
Liu Zhang Shuhan, former army.
The editor of the biography is Fa Zheng (176-220), a filial piety, who was born in Youfufeng County (now northeast of Meixian County, Shaanxi Province) and was an important counselor under Liu Bei in the late Eastern Han Dynasty.
In the early years of Jian 'an, due to the famine all over the world, Fa Zheng went to Shu with Meng Da, a good friend of the same county, and attached himself to Liu Zhang, but Liu Zhang was not a good person. After a long time, Fazheng became the magistrate of Xindu County, and was later appointed as the captain of the military council. Fa Zheng was unlucky and slandered by people in the government. He was very upset. Yizhou didn't drive away Zhang Song and Fa. They are good friends. He also feels that Liu Zhang is not a man who can achieve great things, and he often feels sorry for what happened to him.
Later, Zhang Song sent messengers to find Cao Cao. When he returned, he persuaded Liu Zhang to break off relations with Cao Cao and make friends with Liu Bei. Fa Zheng was appointed as an envoy to show Liu Bei and asked Liu Bei to go to Shu to help crusade against Zhang Lu. Fazheng found that Liu Bei was very shrewd and opinionated, so he secretly betrayed Liu Zhang. Suggest to Liu Bei: "Your Excellency is destined to be a talented person in the world. Liu Zhang is incapable of becoming a wise master. Taking Zhang Song as the internal force and winning the land of abundance and Yizhou is a piece of cake. " Zhuge Liang's Longzhong pair believes that Jingzhou and Yizhou must be captured in order to seize the world. When Zhang Song and Liu Bei surrendered, Liu Bei was overjoyed and led his troops into Shu. Liu Bei made a false expedition to Zhang Lu and went to Meng Jia. Zhang Song was killed for leaking secrets, so Liu Bei broke up with Liu Zhang and made a breakthrough. At that time, Liu Zhang's subordinate counselor Zheng Du told Liu that Liu Bei was dragged down by the unyielding wasteland. Liu Bei was disgusted and frightened when he learned this, but Fa Zheng thought that Liu Zhang could not adopt this plan. Liu Zhang, though lacking in talent, was still a monarch who loved the people. He said: "I have never heard of refusing the enemy to protect the people, nor have I heard of moving the people to avoid the enemy." So Zheng Du was deposed. When attacking Luocheng, Pang Tong, Liu Bei's counselor, was killed by an arrow, so Liu Bei appointed Fa Zheng as the counselor and continued to March. In 2 14, Liu Beijun surrounded Chengdu, and Xu Jing, the prefect of Shu County, was about to leave the city and surrender. Liu saw that it was too important to kill one of his own, so he spared. After Liu Zhang surrendered, Liu Bei didn't need to be appeased. Xu Jing and his younger brother Xu Shao (Xu Zijiang) are world-famous celebrities, but they have no talent for being an official. This is Fa Zheng's suggestion. He said, "Xu Jing is a figurehead in the world. But your master has just started a great career, and Xu Jing's reputation is known all over the world. If you don't even use him, I am afraid that the sages of the world will think that you are not good to the sages. " Liu Bei then reused Xu Jing. This is comparable to Guo Huai and Yan Zhaowang during the Warring States Period. Fa Zheng is the prefect of Shu County, and Yang Wu is the general. After being reused, Fazheng's personality will be retaliated. Someone told Zhuge Liang that he hoped to punish Fa Zheng, but Zhuge Liang knew that Fa Zheng was an important minister of the country, had great intelligence, worked hard and was loyal to Liu Bei, so he didn't ask. In 2 17, the law was giving Liu Beixian a plan, thinking that Cao Cao subdued Zhang Lu in one fell swoop, but did not continue to attack Yizhou, leaving Xia He and Zhang He stationed in Hanzhong, which must be civil strife, and Xia He and Zhang He could not keep Hanzhong, so they should immediately send troops to seize Hanzhong. Liu Bei obeyed, so he led the generals to attack Hanzhong. In the first month of 2 19, Fa Zheng chose the right time to persuade Liu Bei to attack. Liu Bei attacked Xia at night and defeated Xia. Xia was beheaded by Huang Zhong, so Liu Bei took the initiative in the battle of Hanzhong. Cao Cao personally expedition, heard the plan also feel almost unceasingly.
Liu Bei claimed to be the king of Hanzhong, and named him the general of Shang Shuling and protecting the army. The following year, Fazheng died at the age of 45. The death of Fazheng made Liu Bei very sad and cried for several days. Fazheng was deeply trusted by Liu Bei and was the only minister with posthumous title in Liu Bei's era. This shows that Fa Zheng's status is even higher than that of Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, Pang Tong and others.
Fa Zheng is good at scheming and is praised by Chen Shou as being comparable to Cheng Yu and Guo Jia of Wei. However, heaven envies talents, and Fa is dying young. Otherwise, with Liu Bei's wisdom, Zhuge is in power and the law is outside. Why worry about the world?
This method, a concise historical biography editor, took refuge in Liu Zhang in his early years, but it was neither reused nor vilified by his colleagues. After visiting Liu Bei, he secretly planned to support Liu Bei with Zhang Song, and used the opportunity of visiting Liu Bei again to privately propose a plan to take Shu to Liu Bei. During Liu Bei's expedition to Shu, he accurately predicted that Liu Zhang would not adopt Zheng Du's plan. In the 19th year of Jian 'an, Liu Bei succeeded in taking Shu, and Fa was being given a high position, second only to Zhuge Liang. In the twenty-second year of Jian 'an (2 17), he analyzed the situation, encouraged Liu Bei to attack Hanzhong, and built a strange strategy to slay Xia. Liu Bei became the Queen of Hanzhong, and Fa Zheng was appointed as the secretary and general of Han China. Zhuge Liang was also surprised by Fazheng's clever plan.
Biography editor this passage is the grandson of sage Fazhen and the friend of Zhang Song. Originally a subordinate of Liu Zhang, he conspired with Zhang Song and Mengda to dedicate Yizhou to Liu Bei. At the meeting in Fucheng, he planned to assassinate Liu Zhang with Pang Tong. After the successful attack on Shu, he discussed the rule of law with Zhuge Liang. Later, when he was the magistrate of Shu County, he published personal grievances. After listening to Zhuge Liang's explanation to others, he restrained himself. When Cao and Liu competed for Hanzhong, they persuaded Liu Bei to make a personal expedition and were ordered by Zhuge Liang to help Huang Zhong kill Xia. In the twenty-fourth year of Jian 'an, Liu Bei was promoted to the king of Hanzhong, and Fa Zheng was appointed as the official minister.
Cao Cao, editor of Historical Evaluation Method: I have collected some adulterers, but I can't be righteous with evil? ("Huayang National Records")
Sun Sheng: The technique of dazzle in officialdom runs counter to the wind of condescension. Guo Kun, for example, is not his ethics. ("The History of the Three Kingdoms, Fa Chuan, Sun Shengchuan")
Chen shou: Buddhism focuses on success or failure, and there are clever plans and plans, but it is not called virtue. Is the right person to be jealous of Guo. ("the reflection-seven comments on Pang Tong's true story")
Yangxi: It's a good idea to watch the rise and fall of the world, trust the Lord with quality, seek advice with teaching, seek for a moment, and know the opportunity with seeing things. -Zan Fa Xiao ("Ji Han Fu Chen Zan")
Zhuge Liang: The master is in public security, afraid of Cao Gong's strength in the north, Sun Quan's bullying in the east and Mrs. Sun's birth under the elbow and armpit in the near future; At that time, when the wolf advances and retreats, the wings of the filial piety jade will make it take off, and it cannot be copied ("The Story of the Three Kingdoms, Fa Zhen Chuan")
Chen Shou: Zhuge Liang and Zheng, although good but different, take justice from each other. ("the reflection of the three kingdoms, the true story of the law")
Fa Zheng and Liu Bei edited this passage. It is said that when Liu Bei confronted Cao in Hanzhong, Liu Bei was at a disadvantage, but Liu Bei was still hit by an arrow and refused to retreat. Fa Zheng had planned to go forward personally to block the arrow for Liu Bei. Liu Bei said: "Filial piety avoids arrows." Fa Zheng replied: "Gong Ming's parents should be the cornerstone. Where are the villains?" So Liu Bei retreated.
After the death of Fazheng, in the first year of Zhangwu (22 1), Liu Bei transferred troops to attack Wu, and was defeated by Lu Xun of Wu in June the following year. Zhuge Liang felt: "If the filial piety is straightforward, you can control the Lord and make him not eastern;" If you go back to the East, you won't be in danger. " It means that if Fa Zheng is still alive, he will definitely discourage Liu Bei from going eastward, and even if he goes out, he will not be defeated.
Fazheng not only has strategy, but also can correct and convince the master at critical times, which can be described as a good minister, and Liu Bei can also accept Fazheng's opinions with an open mind. This kind of affection is comparable to Tsao Kung and Guo Jia.
In Liu Bei's eyes, Fa Zheng edited this passage to mention Liu Bei's first counselor. Many people will think it is Zhuge Liang. In fact, Zhuge Liang was mainly in charge of internal affairs and raising food and grass at that time. Fa is the person who gives advice to Liu Bei, and Liu Bei's contribution even exceeds Zhuge Liang's. The History of the Three Kingdoms recorded the rule of law, while the external system was capital, which showed his position at that time. Here I quote the evaluation in Peng's Review of Military History:
Guan Yu was captured and killed by Soochow because Liu Feng and Meng Da didn't send reinforcements. Liu Bei listened to Zhuge Liang's plan, playing hard to get, and first transferred Liu Shoumian Yang; Meng Da became alert and discussed with Shen Dan and Shen Yi: "I am Wang Jiangong of Hanzhong together with Fa Xiaozhi; Today's filial death, Hanzhong Wang forgot his previous achievements because he wanted to see harm. What can he do? " Encouraged by the Shen Shi brothers, Meng Da rebelled and dedicated the general to Cao Wei, resulting in Liu Feng being killed. Zhuge Liang's plan increased the loss of West Shu after losing Guan Yu and Jingzhou. If Buddhism were here, would all this happen again?
Fa Zheng, the word filial piety, was born in Fufeng County (now Meixian East, Shaanxi Province) and was born in a noble family. His grandfather Fazhen, "Mr. Xuande", was a famous person in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. His father, Stuart Xun and Ting Wei, were left in charge at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the people were in dire straits. Rich and isolated surprisingly, it became a refuge from the war. Fa Zheng and his friend Meng Da went to Shu to take refuge in Liu Zhang (no wonder Meng Da said so), but Liu Zhang was puzzled. Only the appointment method is a county magistrate, and the shortcoming of the appointment method is bad conduct, so Liu Zhang will never be appointed in the future. Fazheng is very depressed these days. Later, Fazheng and Yizhou became friends in Zhang Song. With the strong recommendation of Zhang Song, Fa Zheng was appointed as the envoy of Liu Bei by Liu Zhang. Fa Zheng used this mission to get to know a generation of lean Liu Bei.
Fa Zheng and Zhang Song were determined to help Liu Bei enter Xichuan City, and later Meng Da joined in, so there was the famous story of "Zhang Songxian's map" in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Fazheng and Zhang never had a chance until the sixteenth year of Jian 'an (2 1 1), when Cao Cao wanted to take Hanzhong, Liu Zhang sent Fazheng as a special envoy to see Liu Bei again to prevent Cao Cao's army from hurting Yizhou. Fazheng secretly offered a plan to Liu Bei, encouraging Liu Bei to seize Xichuan and achieve the great cause of Wang Ba. And collect two Sichuan as maps to take the base area of Wang Ba, which Zhuge Liang designed for Liu Bei in Longzhong. It can be said that it is the same view. Liu Bei led tens of thousands of infantry into Shu by water, leaving Zhuge Liang and Guan Yu stationed in Jingzhou.
When Liu Bei besieged Luocheng for nearly a year, Fa Zheng wrote to Liu Zhang to surrender. Although Liu Zhang didn't accept it immediately, Los Angeles was breached, and Liu Bei marched into and surrounded Chengdu for only a few days. There are still 30 thousand soldiers in the city, and Gu Bi can last for a year. Liu Zhang surrendered in Kaesong when the government and the people were willing to fight to the death. This has to be said that Liu Zhang made a choice considering the surrender of Fa Zheng. Liu Bei captured Yizhou in nineteen years. From then on, I got rid of the predicament and laid the foundation for my success.
Fa Zheng was appointed as the prefect of Shu county and general Yang Wu, and his external system was the capital, while the internal system was the main one. Fazheng's greatest achievement is his contribution to Hanzhong. At that time, Cao Cao defeated Zhang Lu and occupied Hanzhong. Fazheng is keenly aware of the importance of Hanzhong to Shu Han and the possibility of capturing Hanzhong.
He analyzed and pointed out that after Cao Cao surrendered to Zhang Lu, he did not take Bashu, but let Xia He and Zhang He guard Hanzhong. Cao Cao himself was forced to go north, so it is now or never to take Hanzhong. In addition, Xia He and Zhang He, who were left behind by Cao Cao, were embarrassed to guard Hanzhong.
Xia and Zhang He are both foolhardy generals. Cao Cao's independent generals are Zhang Liao, Coss, Yu Jin, Cao Xiu, Sima Yi and Cao Zhang. It can be seen that Cao Cao's improper employment, taking advantage of such a rare opportunity, the master's pro-unification army will go to conquer and will certainly defeat Cao Jun.
Moreover, the capture of Hanzhong has three advantages: ① It can defeat Cao Jun and win the praise and favor of the royal family in the Eastern Han Dynasty. (2) after the occupation of Hanzhong, it can encroach on Yongzhou and Liangzhou and expand the territory. (3) The occupation of Hanzhong can consolidate Yizhou, which is the foundation of the country.
It was at the urging of Fazheng that Liu Bei refused to listen to Zhou Qun, an adviser, and resolutely invaded Hanzhong in the 22nd year of Jian 'an. In the specific combat command, Fa Zheng's suggestion played an important role, and the story of Fa Zheng assisting Lao Huangzhong to behead Xia is even more familiar to us. Fazheng's strategy broke Xia Houyuan's army, which impressed his opponent Cao Cao, and Zhuge Liang was often impressed by Fazheng's wisdom and strategy. Liu Bei captured Hanzhong, and his great cause of reviving the Han Dynasty really reached its peak.
When Liu Bei ascended the throne as the king of Hanzhong, he made Dharma the official order to protect the army generals. Unfortunately, Fazheng died at the age of forty-five. Liu Bei wept bitterly for the death of Fazheng. Later, Liu Bei made a posthumous title and conferred a title on his descendants.
According to the Records of the Three Kingdoms, Liu Bei, in order to avenge Guan Yu and retake Jingzhou, refused to listen to Zhuge Liang's advice and went his own way and invaded Wu Dong. After the fiasco of Yiling, Zhuge Liang lamented: "If the law is filial, you can control the Lord to the east; If you go back to the East, you won't be in danger. "This passage reflects the status and talent of Fa in Liu Bei's mind, far better than Zhuge Liang in history. Zhu Gekongming, a demon, has a higher heart than the sky. He once compared himself with Guan Zhong and Le Yi, looked around the world and felt lonely. But I also have to sigh the regret that Buddhism is not there.
There is also a related story in the Three Kingdoms: once, Liu Bei and Cao Cao fought, and the situation was very unfavorable. Retreat is the best choice, but Liu Bei was too angry to retreat, and no one dared to persuade him. At this time, the arrow is like a migratory locust. Fa Zheng then stood in front of Liu Bei, and Liu Bei said, "filial piety avoids arrows." Fa Zheng said, "It's a shame to be a public servant!" Liu Bei had to say, "filial piety, I'll go with you." So he retreated. Liu Bei hates Xu Jing, the prefect of Shu County. Under the persuasion of Fazheng, Liu Bei treated Xu Jing kindly and made Xu Jing his teacher. It can be seen that Liu Bei's views on Fa Zheng are quite respectful.
Chen Shou's evaluation of Fa Zheng is that Fa Zheng is comparable to Cao Cao's best counselors, such as Cheng Yu and Guo Jia. The premature death of Fazheng brought immeasurable losses to Shu Han. If Buddhism existed, Mengda wouldn't have to worry that Liu Bei would make himself rebel. Shang Yong, such an important strategic base, would not fall into the hands of Cao Wei, and there would be no Liu Bei's anger to cut off the Iliad Liu Feng. If Dharma exists, maybe he can really stop Liu Bei's crusade. Even if he crusaded to the east, Liu Bei would not have made a low-level mistake like in Yiling, which led to a fiasco. What will happen to the three countries in the end? If Dharma is here ... "
Yi: Guo Jia, editor of Shu Han, and Guo Jia, counselor of Wei State, are resourceful and deeply admired by modern people. So people often ask, "Who is the most like Guo Jia?" Then I also ask you: "Who is Guo Jia of Shu?" Personally, I prefer Pang Tong, but I'm afraid the truth is the right way. Let's not talk about achievements, just say after death. After Guo Jia's death, Cao Cao was quickly defeated. When he retired, he sighed, "Guo Fengxiao is here. Don't leave him alone." After Fazheng's death, Liu Bei was defeated, and Zhuge Liang also said sadly, "If Fazheng is present, you can control your master and stop him from advancing eastward;" If you go back to the east, you will never be in danger (if Fazheng is still alive, you can stop your master from going east; Even if it is a crusade, it will not lose such a fiasco. "It can be said that it is the same!
Guo Fengxiao persuaded Cao Cao to conquer Wuwan in the north. He won because he knew people. Defeated Xia, this is the understanding of people.
Surprisingly, the History of the Three Kingdoms also recorded their shortcomings. Guo Fengxiao doesn't treat inspections, while Xiao Zhi abuses his power. Just like Zhou Yu in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, the hero is also suffering from heroic disease. However, we have to admit that this is indeed a' person'. The man who has both advantages and disadvantages may be more like a' person' than Zhuge Liang in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
Fa Zheng died young.
Therefore, some people think that Guo Jia in Shu State is probably Fa Zheng.