With the continuous progress of society and the gradual improvement of the socialist market economic system, the requirements for safe production are getting higher and higher. In order to ensure the life safety of people in buildings and the smooth progress of fire fighting and rescue work such as facilities, the setting of emergency lighting is a very important safety means.
1, fire emergency lighting settings
Fire emergency lighting is divided into three categories: evacuation lighting, safety lighting and standby lighting. Fire emergency lighting is a lighting facility for related firefighters to continue working and other personnel to evacuate safely in case of fire and power grid failure, which mainly includes evacuation lighting and backup lighting.
1. 1 Setting of fire evacuation lighting
When evacuating, in order to prevent the evacuation passage from darkening suddenly, there should be enough lighting on the evacuation passage to restrain people's psychological panic and ensure evacuation safety. At the same time, use eye-catching words and bright signs to indicate the evacuation direction. This lighting facility is called an evacuation indicator. Evacuation signs should be able to ensure that people in passages and public places can find them anywhere and take prompt actions according to their instructions.
Evacuation lighting should be set in the following places: corridor intersections, bends, evacuation stairs, smoke-proof stairwells and front rooms, front rooms of fire elevators, waiting halls, evacuation passages and fire alarm buttons, nearby fire-fighting facilities, public places, etc. The minimum ground illumination should not be less than 0.5LX. Since most smoke generated by fires accumulates upwards, the installation height of evacuation indication signs should not be too high, and it should not be higher than 1m when installed on the wall. The safety exit sign light should be set at the safety exit, and its installation position should be under the wall and ceiling in the door.
1.2 fire standby lighting settings
Fire standby lighting is an abnormal lighting facility to ensure that all normal activities and fire fighting work can continue under the condition of normal power failure when a fire breaks out.
The main workshop, main control building, coal conveying system, control room, fire water pump room, power distribution room, communication room and other important facilities should be provided with fire standby lighting. The illuminance value shall be the lowest illuminance value for the normal operation of the site. Backup lighting usually uses some or all of the facilities in normal lighting, and it can be automatically switched when normal lighting fails.
2. Fire emergency lighting power supply
In the whole power plant, the fire load belongs to the first-class electricity load, and the fire emergency lighting plays an important role in the fire load. In addition to the normal power supply, its power supply must be equipped with standby power supply. The power distribution mode should adopt double-loop power supply, which will be automatically switched at the last special lighting distribution box, and automatically switched to standby power supply after the normal power supply is cut off.
There are generally three ways to set up standby power supply for fire emergency lighting: take another high-voltage power supply from different switching stations in the power grid; Generator set with self-starting function; Battery (centralized battery with emergency light)
Relatively speaking, battery as the power supply for emergency lighting has the advantages of low cost, convenient operation and no need to switch time, so at present, most buildings use this method for fire emergency lighting power supply. The battery can supply power in a centralized way or in a decentralized way. For large and medium-sized buildings with relatively concentrated layout, centralized layout is often adopted; For scattered small buildings, due to the small power supply capacity, small assembly units such as lamps, batteries, chargers and relays are generally used. Because the emergency lighting arrangement in this way is scattered, each unit is self-contained and the structure is complex, which brings inconvenience to maintenance and repair. Therefore, in projects with a certain scale, centralized storage battery (with inverter) is used as fire emergency lighting power supply.
The invention has the advantages of centralized arrangement of storage batteries, convenient maintenance and management, wide selection range, diverse and beautiful forms and easy maintenance and replacement. In actual selection, power sources with different capacities and grades can be selected according to the project scale and the number of lamps, and maintenance-free batteries are selected as batteries. At present, the newly developed hydrogen power battery at home and abroad has the characteristics of no pollution and large material space. With the development of science and technology, this kind of battery will have a good application prospect.
3. Selection and wiring of fire emergency lighting lamps.
3. 1 Selection of lamps and lanterns
If the fire emergency lighting is used in both normal and fire situations, the same type of lights as those in normal lighting should be selected. However, if the lamps in normal lighting are non-fast burning lamps, such as ordinary fluorescent lamps, high-pressure mercury lamps, high-pressure sodium lamps, etc., the fire emergency lighting should be changed to lamps with fast burning performance, such as fast burning fluorescent lamps and incandescent lamps, etc., but iodine tungsten lamp is not applicable.
If the fire emergency lighting only works in the case of fire, you can choose incandescent lamps, which have the advantages of fast ignition, wide power range, relatively low price, universal AC and DC.
The fire emergency lighting itself should be considered to have certain fire resistance, and its shell should be made of incombustible materials. Lamps and lanterns should be hidden when installed below/) to avoid damage.
3.2 Line laying
Fire emergency lighting lines shall be safe and reliable in case of fire, so as to ensure the use of emergency lighting. Emergency lighting shall be powered by double circuits and automatically switched at the emergency lighting distribution box. The lines shall be laid separately from normal lighting, and neutral and live wires shall not be used. Fire emergency lighting lines should be laid in fire zones, and each fire zone should have a relatively independent emergency lighting system, so it is not advisable to jump wires.
The principle of line laying is as follows:
(1) When exposed coating is used, when wires and cables are ordinary cables, metal pipes and metal trunking coated with fire retardant coating should be worn; When wires and cables are ordinary cables, it is not necessary to wear metal pipes; When crossing the cable trench and cable shaft in the fire protection zone, the crossing point should be blocked to prevent fire and smoke.
(2) When dark laying is used, it should be laid in a noncombustible body, and the thickness of its protective layer should not be less than 30 mm ..
4. Concluding remarks
Fire prevention and disaster relief are closely related to safety production. Therefore, in the design of building fire emergency lighting, we should fully consider the safety of personnel and equipment under various fire conditions, and constantly sum up experience and further study to further improve the safe and stable operation level of power plants.
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