The situation is more complicated.
Some sections merged into the later Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, mainly with one end and one tail, such as the Jiangnan Canal south of the Yangtze River and the north-central section of the Yongji Canal north of Linqing, Shandong Province, all above the surface, visible and tangible. Moreover, Guhanguguan and Jiangnan Canal have so far presented a scene of abundant water resources and busy traffic. Some river sections are abandoned, mainly in the middle and upper reaches of Yongji Canal north of the Yellow River. One of the results of this survey is that the lower limit of abandonment time is actually a very modern thing, that is, more than 30 years ago. This section of the river is now called Weihe River, and the whole river is on the water, so it is easy to find. Sadly, the first half of the Grand Canal in Sui and Tang Dynasties, with a history of 1400 years, was abandoned and was not protected. Instead, it has become a dirty sewer with serious pollution, and many places have become "dragon beard ditch", which is terrible. The main pollution sources are industrial wastewater in Jiaozuo and Xinxiang areas of Henan Province and industrial and domestic garbage along the coast of Hebei Province. According to the memories of local old boatmen and fishermen, in the 1970s, when there was sufficient water, there were always cargo ships passing by on the Weihe River. From the north of Hebi, Henan Province to Tianjin, stone transportation and freight transportation were still unimpeded. Once upon a time, due to the rise of roads and railways, coupled with the lack of water, the northern section of the Sui and Tang Grand Canal quickly fell, which was really regrettable and unimaginable.
Bury in the ground
The third case is buried underground. The reason is that there have been several major floods and river transport in the history of the Yellow River, and the old channel of the Grand Canal was buried in the ground by yellow sand and silt. The length of this part is also very long, generally in the second half of the Sui and Tang Grand Canal, that is, in Henan and Anhui. In this part, there is an old water canal in Duan Yiran, with a total length of 25 kilometers, in a few areas, such as Changgou Town, Sixian County, Suzhou City, Anhui Province. In addition, in the second half of most of the time, on the surface, the old road of the Sui and Tang Grand Canal has disappeared and nothing can be found. Only archaeological excavations can prove it.
General ruins
There are two kinds of ruins of the Grand Canal in Sui and Tang Dynasties: one is on the ground, such as ancient cities and ancient buddhas along the coast; The other is underground, which is ancient bridges, ancient docks, ancient cellars and ancient porcelain excavated by archaeology. The ancient city walls of the former, such as Liming Town, Hebi City, Henan Province, and ancient buddhas, such as Daishan Northern Wei Giant Buddha in Hebi City, have been preserved to this day because they are located in high terrain or simply on hills. The remaining remains are underground, and major discoveries are archaeological achievements. One of the most amazing is the discovery of ancient granaries. In 1970s, an ancient cellar was dug in the yard of a railway unit in the northeast of Luoyang. It is very big, with a diameter of 65,438+02 meters and a depth of 65,438+00 meters. It's a deep pit dug in loess, which can store grain. When unearthed, a lot of grain was really found in this semi-carbonized ancient warehouse, layer by layer. The location of this ancient warehouse is confirmed by archaeology to be next to a water transport pier and a river with a width of 100 meters and a depth of 12 meters. It can be seen that ancient granaries were built because of canals.
It has been proved.
Facts have proved that such a granary is a group once it is discovered. On the map, it is arranged in an orderly way, showing a very regular chessboard shape, which is obviously artificially designed. The warehouse site here is neatly lined with more than 400 pits! A silo can store 250 tons of grain, and the total storage capacity exceeds100000 tons. Even more gratifying, a stone tablet was found in the warehouse, which was equivalent to the documents and files at that time. It is recorded in detail, such as where the food comes from. It is said that the grain in this warehouse comes from Hebei, Shandong, Henan and Jiangsu. It also records why it was prepared. Besides the people, officials and the army, it is also a grain depot for disaster relief. There are records on the stone tablet about the division of labor of granary managers, weighing, recording, warehouse sealing, supervision, duty, who is the manager and so on. They are all famous and have surnames, more than ten items, and they have been stoned! It's amazing. It can be seen that this is a regular official warehouse. This warehouse is called Han Jia warehouse. Similarly, there are Luokou Cang, Heyang Cang, Luohui Cang, Taicang, Liyang Cang and Yangshan Cang.
It connects Beijing, Hangzhou and Luoyang and is divided into four sections: Jiangnan River, Yongji Canal, Guangtong Canal and Tongji Canal. Five refers to the Yangtze River, Qiantang River, Yellow River, Huaihe River and Haihe River. Sixth, it refers to the spread to Beijing, Hebei, Tianjin, Shandong, Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces.