First, first of all, it is a level.
The stage of A 1 is the initial entry level. I can understand and use everyday language and very simple sentences to express specific needs. Be able to introduce yourself, introduce others, ask others for personal information and answer such questions as where you live, who you know and what you have.
A2 can understand sentences and common expressions that are directly related to things around you (for example, about individuals, families, shopping, work or the surrounding environment). Can describe one's background and education, the surrounding environment and things related to basic needs in simple words.
Second, the next level is B.
B 1 is to be able to understand the main points when using clear and standardized language and ordinary things involving work, school and spare time. Able to deal with most language problems in travel. Able to express common topics and personal interests simply and orderly. Be able to express experiences and events, describe hopes and goals, and briefly demonstrate or explain plans and viewpoints.
Learning B 1 means that the basic German grammar is all over.
After learning B2, I can basically understand the main contents of complex articles with specific or abstract topics. I can have professional discussions in my own professional field, communicate freely and smoothly, and both sides will not feel too tired when talking with native speakers normally. I can express my views clearly and in detail in a wider range of topics, explain my views on a current issue, and list the advantages and disadvantages of various possibilities.
B2 level is also the exam level that Germany needs to pass when it is naturalized. If you want to obtain permanent residency in Germany, German must reach this level.
Third, and finally, C-level.
C 1 is an article with high difficulty, long length and wide content, which can grasp the inner meaning between the lines. Be able to express freely and smoothly without having to struggle to find the right words. Be able to use language effectively and flexibly in social communication, work or training, and when studying in university. Be able to express your views on complex things clearly, methodically and in detail, and at the same time use different expressions to contact the context.
Most majors should reach the level of C 1, which is what we often call Telford 16.
C2 can easily understand almost everything you hear and see, summarize different written and oral information, and logically summarize the reasons or give explanations. I can express my views freely, fluently and accurately, and at the same time, for more complicated things, I can express the differences of word meanings more accurately.
Major in general language (such as literature, linguistics, translation, etc.). ) are required to reach the level of German C2, that is, Telford 18 and above.
2. Studying in a German exam recognized by Germany.
1, DSH exam
The full name of the DSHSH test is "German Test for Foreign Applicants in German Universities" (Deutsche Sprach Prü fung fü r den Hochschulzugangsl? Ndischer Studienbewerber), organized independently by German universities. In some universities, DSH exams are held two or four times a year. In most cases, the DSH exam is only held before the start of the semester. The content of DSH test is divided into two parts, the oral part and the written part. According to the score, the DSH exam is divided into three grades according to the score.
Usually, in most schools, DSH2 and DSH3 can be used as language proofs to enter the major. Candidates do not need to take the DSH exam at every university they want to apply for, such as passing the DSH exam at Hanover University. With this certificate, they can apply for any German university. The only university that does not accept the DSH certificate is the University of Stuttgart. The DSH certificate is valid for a long time.
Can I take the DSH exam in China?
Yes, some domestic universities and their cooperative German universities hold DSH examinations in China every semester, and the DSH examination certificates obtained are also recognized by German universities. Such as Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing Foreign Studies University, Tongji University, Shanghai International Studies University and northwest university of politics and law.
2. Goethe Language Certificate
With Goethe's language certificate, you can also apply for universities in Germany. For most schools, German universities accept Goethe's C2 certificate. German Diploma (GDS) is a very advanced language level, which corresponds to the level (C2) in the "European * * * Same Language Reference Framework" (GER). To reach this level, according to the existing German level and learning conditions, at least 1000 hours of study is needed, and the exam is divided into four items: listening, speaking, reading and writing, which is very difficult.
3.Telc language certificate
Telc is the abbreviation of European Language Certificate, and the propositional unit of Telc is telc GmbH Language Examination Institute. Telc GmbH Language Examination Institute is a subsidiary of Volkshochschul-Verband E.V, Germany .. TELC1Hochschule was confirmed by the joint meeting of German university presidents and state education ministers on 20151as the legal language certificate for foreign students in German universities, which has the same effect as Telf and DSH.
Telc C 1 is similar to DSH, except that it has two parts: oral test: the first part of oral test scored 48 points, and the passing score was 29 points (accounting for 60% of the total score). Written test: The written test includes four modules: reading comprehension, cloze, listening comprehension and writing. The full mark of written test is 166 (48+22+48+48), and the correct rate is 60%(99), so it can be passed. At present, there is no institution that holds the TELC1exam in China, so students can consider signing up for the relevant exam in Germany.
3. Introduction to the advantages of studying in Germany
1, mechanical manufacturing
Application-oriented senior engineering and technical talents majoring in mechanical design, manufacturing and automation, especially those who can use computer to design mechanical products and use numerical control technology to manufacture, are in short supply and have broad employment prospects.
Recommended institutions: Dresden University of Technology, Berlin University of Technology, Hanover University of Technology, Aachen University of Technology, technical university of munich, etc.
2. Computer engineering
Computers cover a wide range, including hardware and software. Step into this industry and you will know the universality of this field. Challenges and opportunities coexist, and it is an industry worth joining and working for.
3. Architecture
As a major discipline in the construction industry, architecture has always been highly valued for its important position. Of course, it has always been a major with a good employment situation in colleges and universities. Among them, the demand of several branches of architecture, such as urban design, landscape design and urban planning, has increased greatly, and architectural students have always been very popular!
Recommended institutions: Dresden University of Technology, Bauhaus Weimar University, Eisen University in Duisburg, Universities of Applied Sciences in Cologne, Munich University of Applied Sciences, etc.
4. Law
Germany is a representative country of civil law system, and the German code is a reference for many civil law countries to formulate codes. China is also a country with civil law system, so it is very advantageous for students studying law in China to go to Germany for further study.
Recommended institutions: Osnabrü ck University, Frankfurt University, Cologne University, Kiel University, Bayreuter University, etc.
5. Industrial design
More and more people begin to pay attention to the position of advertising and packaging in commercial competition. Excellent advertising and packaging design will bring huge profits to enterprises and businesses, and at the same time, they can also enjoy the great pleasure of innovative and unique advertising and exquisite packaging design.
6. Economics
As one of the seven economic powers in the west, Germany ranks first in Europe in terms of economic scale and third in the world in terms of economic aggregate, second only to the United States and Japan. Known as "the locomotive of European economy", its domestic universities attach great importance to the teaching quality of economics.
7. Master of Business Administration (MBA)
Throughout the world, MBA students are getting younger and younger, and they can find better job fields through MBA. Business administration is a broad-based discipline.
8, biomedical engineering
Nowadays, medicine is very developed, and medical instruments are also being updated. The development of more advanced medical devices is inseparable from the progress of biomedical engineering technology.
9. Information major
Communication industry is the pillar industry of German economy. Deutsche Telekom and Siemens Group need a large number of communication and information professionals to expand their global strategy. Therefore, if you choose the communication and information major in a German university, you will have a very good employment prospect whether you stay in Germany or return to China after graduation.
4. German study abroad policy
1, short-term employment in Germany
If the international students studying in Germany only work in Germany for a short time, they don't have to give the tax card to the employer. In this case, the foreign students and employers are responsible for their own tax returns, and the employers will give them a settlement list after they work.
Generally, various tax items will be listed in the calculation list of international students, such as part-time income of international students, tax part of part-time income, social insurance part and social insurance part paid by employers for international students. According to the above contents, international students can fill out the tax refund application form by themselves.
In the process of applying for tax refund for work in Germany, it is necessary to remind foreign students that when applying for tax refund to the tax bureau, they should remember to attach a copy of the short-term work settlement form given by the employer to the back of the application form, so as to serve as the basis for tax refund by the German tax authorities in the application process.
2. Studying in Germany and working for a long time
When studying in Germany, if the foreign students work in a certain unit for a long time, or the working relationship is fixed in a professional institution, then the foreign students will hand over the tax card to the company for mid-year settlement. After the settlement, the employer will attach a summary table to the foreign student tax refund card, and refer to the data on the settlement table when applying for tax refund.
3. Application for tax refund for studying abroad in Germany
International students studying and working in Germany who need to apply for tax refund should fill in all their work and income on the tax refund form, and submit a full set of materials to the local tax bureau in Germany before May of the following year to apply for tax refund.
The materials required for German tax refund application include the tax card of international students, the completed tax refund form, the copy of the receipt at the time of work settlement, and the tax refund basis during work, such as various business expenses incurred during work. It is necessary to remind international students that the tax refund benefits provided by the German government for international students do not mean that all the taxes paid by international students will be refunded.