Japan Express Co., Ltd. (Ritong Company) is currently a private company. 1950 was a state-owned company. Lu Yunyuan Club, founded in 1872, can be said to be the "originator" of Ritong Company. At that time, the postal department was also established. The state stipulates that letters and small articles shall be handled by postal departments, and other individual operators engaged in cargo transportation must operate in partnership. In this context, Yuan Club is a small group composed of several individual transport operators specializing in land transport. In 1875, Yuan Company was renamed as China Express Company, and in 1928, it was transformed into an international express delivery company, and its business scope expanded to foreign countries. 1 937101month/day, Japan Express Co., Ltd. was formally established. At that time, it was a state-owned company jointly funded by the government and private enterprises. With the development of World War II, the Japanese government was forced to develop comprehensive transportation, and incorporated the transportation industries of major cities in China into Ritong Company. 1950, with the implementation of the Japanese Express Commercial Law, Japanese express companies began to move towards a new starting point in the form of private companies.
Ritong Company is a typical and most representative logistics company in Japan, and its wide range of material delivery can be described as "all-inclusive". From civilian materials to military materials, from raw materials (such as oil and minerals) to commodities, from cash to valuables such as gold and jewelry ... as long as it is allowed by law, it is the transportation object of Ritong Company.
Ritong Company is located in logistics centers all over the world, relying on its huge computer information network system, it can closely contact and cooperate with each other. The system can not only provide services for the internal operation of the company, but also provide customers with the service of inquiring about the dynamic delivery of materials at any time.
The "door-to-door convenience" business based on door-to-door delivery is a new field for logistics companies. Last year, the Japanese logistics company's "home delivery convenience" business volume reached 654.38+06 billion pieces, five times the total postal parcels in that year. In recent years, the service scope of "door-to-door convenience" has gradually expanded and the service content has become increasingly diversified. From the installation and disassembly of electrical appliances to moving services, and even the disposal of household waste items, it is the service content of "convenient door-to-door delivery" of logistics companies.
Ritong Company's "Pelican Convenience" business is one of the "door-to-door convenience" businesses. Ritong Company has set up as many as 265,438+00,000 "Pelican Mail" collection and delivery points in China. At present, the business turnover of "Pelican Post" accounts for 20% of the total domestic business of Ritong Company. The "Pelican Toilet" business also transports fresh-keeping products, which will be transported in rechargeable refrigerators. Ji Bu Sagawa, the second largest Japanese express delivery company, has now entered the logistics market, and its current logistics service turnover accounts for 20% of the company's turnover.
Japanese logistics companies are actively developing the express delivery business of small items, and small express delivery companies are also actively competing for the logistics market. Under the attack of both, the market share of Japan Post is gradually shrinking. When I visited Ritong, Sagawa, OCS and other companies, I saw many letters at the express mail processing site. Japan's Postal Law stipulates that letters are monopolized by postal services, and non-postal companies also declare in their articles of association that they do not operate letter business. With regard to a large number of letters appearing in the "door-to-door convenience" business, Ritong Company explained that the so-called non-business letters can be understood as not taking the initiative to receive and send, but it is not impossible to receive and send passively because customers have the right to choose.
2. Japan Post
Japan Post started at 187 1, and the establishment of Japan Post Corporation was the biggest reform of Japan's postal industry since 132. At present, Japan's postal services are divided into three categories: postal services, savings services and simple insurance services. Accounting is set up for the three major businesses, and independent accounting is implemented. Japan Post used to be a typical state-owned system and has undergone two reforms in recent years. 200 1, 1, the former Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, General Affairs Department and Autonomous Province were established as the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications.
On April 1 day, 2003, Japan Post took another big step on the road of reform-the establishment of Japan Post Company. Japan Post officially abolished the Post Office of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications and established Japan Post Company, which is a self-financing state-owned company. Its goal is to provide comprehensive and fast mail and parcel delivery services, simple and safe savings and remittance services and simple insurance services while retaining universal services.
Postal Commune divides postal service, savings service and insurance service into three business departments. Staff members maintain the status of national civil servants and implement an independent accounting system. The postal commune is a three-level organization. The agency has set up three business headquarters, clearly distinguishing the business responsibilities of the three business departments, and has nine departments, including business planning, business Committee, special Committee and independent supervision, to solve major problems. 1 1 local post office 1 office changed to 12 branch 1 office. Established Okinawa office, independent from Okinawa communication office, and merged into commune organization. The offices in Kanagawa Prefecture and Yamanashi Prefecture were changed to Nanguan East Branch, and the name of the local postal supervision bureau was changed to the supervision headquarters. The name of the grass-roots post office remains unchanged.
3. Daiwa Transportation Company
Japan Daiwa Transportation Co., Ltd., founded in 19 19, is the second oldest truck transportation company in Japan. From 65438 to 0973, Japan fell into the chaos of the first oil crisis, and the goods entrusted by enterprises were very few, which was undoubtedly a big blow to Daiwa's transportation, which relied entirely on the transportation of bulk goods. In this regard, the then president of Daiwa Transportation, Kokura, put forward the business direction of "small clan", which was considered to be the key to increasing income. 1Feb. 976, Yamato Transportation started the "door-to-door" business. At that time, someone proposed to use the term Yamato (Parcel-Service) for short, but failed to decide whether to use English or Japanese. At first, some people objected to the use of the word "domestic helper" and thought that there were already terms such as "domestic helper" and "home delivery". But in the end, President Ogura decided to use the word "domestic helper". He believes that it has been said before that "table tennis is more acceptable than table tennis", but it turns out that "table tennis" is more acceptable. As long as everyone is familiar with the term "domestic helper", there should be no problem.
In 1976, ZJS * * accepted 6.5438+0.7 million pieces of goods. In the same year, Japanese railways accepted 67.4 million parcels, and post offices accepted small parcels178.8 million. By 1988, ZJS had reached 348.77 million, exceeding the post office's 235 million. That year, in the convenience industry of home delivery, ZJS's market share has reached 40%, while the "Albatross" of Japanese express, which ranks first in Japan's transportation, only accounts for 28%. By 1995, ZJS had received 570 million items with a turnover of 600 billion yen. The number of employees of ZJS increased from 300 to 57,797, and the number of vehicles owned by ZJS increased from 2,000 to 25,000. In Japan, no one knows the urgency of Yamato transportation, and it can be seen everywhere on the road.
4. Sasakawa is in a hurry
1957 March, "Sagawa Ji Bian" was established.
This so-called "courier" company has only one person, Ito Sasakawa, who is engaged in helping people move things, also known as "porters", that is, porters. This is a job of selling physical strength, which is equivalent to the handling company we are talking about today. If you go to Chongqing, you will find "sticks" all over the streets. You only need a rope and a pole to work. The "bonzi" in Chongqing is the same as that in Sasakawa.
Without further ado, let's take a look at the opening of Sasakawa Ito.
"Sagawa Express" is responsible for checking things for people. The first requirement of this job is credibility, so that others can send you things with confidence. Usually people don't give their things to a newly established company, they will find a famous transportation company.
In order to get business, Sasakawa went door to door and asked others if they had any goods to send. However, after a month of opening, he didn't even receive a business. The family was almost too poor to open the pot, and "Sagawa Ji Bian" was in trouble.
However, he did not lose heart. He was full of confidence when he thought of the expectant eyes of his wife and children at home. He had to redouble his efforts, so he ran around the commercial street between Kyoto and Osaka every day to pull business.
On the 45th day, the boss of Chieda, a chamber of commerce in Eegu Street, Osaka, saw Ito Sasakawa always running around tirelessly, so he chatted with him. Mr. Chieda learned from Ito Sasakawa that Yoshiji Ito of Maruyama is his cousin. Sasakawa told Mr. Chieda that he had worked as a porter in Maruyama, but he didn't want to rely on his cousin and wanted to make a career by himself.
Chieda fell in love with this young man. He admired Sasakawa's independent spirit and immediately took out the 10 camera and asked him to send it to a shop in Kyoto without his deposit.
This is a very rare opportunity, Sasakawa is very clear. He completed the delivery as quickly as possible without high expectations.
Soon, Sasakawa's reputation began to spread among businessmen between Kyoto and Osaka, and many people praised him as a hardworking and trustworthy young man. He is very diligent, and many porters are unwilling to do dirty and heavy work. He accepted it at once and always finished the work satisfactorily.
More and more people patronize Sasakawa's business. Sasakawa's business is too busy for him. His wife Xing Hui saw her husband working so hard. The kind and optimistic woman from a poor family also took part in helping her husband. The couple help people deliver goods together, and people call them "Yuanyang porters in Osaka".
At the end of 1958, the scale of "Sagawa Express" was expanded and new employees were hired. 1959, "Sagawa Express" opened five branches in Osaka, Tsuruga, Fukui, Kanazawa and Toyama.
1978, on the occasion of the 20th anniversary of the establishment of "Sagawa Express", it has 8,700 cars, 22 1 store, 654.38+0.650 employees, and its annual turnover is 285 billion yen, surpassing "Japan Express" and ranking first in Japan's commercial transportation industry.
Today, "Sagawa Express" has 20,000 vehicles in China, with an annual freight volume of 65.438+0.2 billion pieces and a turnover of 800 billion yen, and has opened many branches around the world.
5. Hitachi Logistics
Hitachi Logistics is an independent legal person separated from Hitachi Group on 1950. It takes logistics as its main business, and provides transportation, storage, processing and distribution of raw materials, semi-finished products and electrical appliances, electricity and other products for suppliers, manufacturers and customers. Has entered the field of third-party logistics, forming a logistics network. After years of operation, Hitachi Logistics has accumulated a lot of experience in warehousing management and transportation management, and has great advantages in the business volume of third-party logistics. At present, it is a listed logistics company, ranking among the top 10 logistics industries in Japan. The company has set up branches in China, such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen.
Hitachi Logistics is a specialized company engaged in third-party logistics under Hitachi Group, with rich experience in third-party logistics consulting, consultancy and practice.