Keywords: residential electrical socket circuit design
Electrical socket arrangement
Socket, a small electrical component, is often easily overlooked, but it can be seen everywhere in modern houses. No matter the living room, bedroom, study, kitchen, dining room and bathroom, everyone should use it, and even the balcony should not forget to install a socket for it.
With the continuous improvement of modern living standards, people have higher and higher requirements for residential electrical equipment. People are no longer satisfied with the convenience brought by lighting, fans, washing machines, refrigerators, color TVs and other electrical equipment, but are more keen to pursue the enjoyment brought by audio, air conditioning, large-screen color TVs, computers, telephones and so on. With the coming of knowledge economy and information age, intelligent houses such as videophone, electronic shopping and home office will emerge continuously. These electric energy and information must be transmitted to electrical equipment or information terminals through sockets, except wires and cables. It can be seen that the types and quantity of sockets in modern houses are increasing. Therefore, the selection, arrangement position, quantity and installation height of sockets in modern residence are directly related to the future use effect of residents, and are very important contents in the electrical design of modern residence. If the electrical socket design is still in accordance with the previous practice, it will not keep up with the pace of the times. It is very necessary for modern building electrical designers to pay enough attention to the socket, a small electrical component.
However, in the actual residential electricity consumption, it is often seen that the original design of the electrical circuit must be greatly transformed after the residential building is completed and before the residents move in. Add a lamp here, a multi-purpose socket and a telephone socket there, and an air conditioner socket and a TV socket there. The most increase is the socket, digging holes everywhere, causing great damage to the whole building structure, and some even leave hidden dangers. Most people who carry out line reconstruction are not electrical professional installers, which often causes household appliances to burn out, short circuit and open circuit. , and cause damage to the power distribution system of the whole building. There are many reasons for the above phenomenon, but unsatisfactory design is also an important aspect.
How can the selection, arrangement and installation height of sockets (including strong and weak sockets) meet the needs of modern people in the electrical design of modern houses? How can we reduce or avoid the phenomenon that people dig holes everywhere before moving into new houses? The number of sockets specified in the Code for Residential Design (GB50096- 1999) is the minimum rather than the maximum, which is far from meeting the needs of modern people. How can our residential electrical design truly embody the people-oriented concept?
Modern residence consists of living room, bedroom, study, kitchen, dining room, bathroom and balcony. There are many household appliances, and they are increasing. There seems to be nowhere to start. In fact, I don't think so: as long as it is clear what household appliances will be in each room in the house, then according to the building plan, consider how the residents will generally decorate. Thinking like this has a strong purpose. The following are my personal views on the specific functions of each room.
1. Layout, installation height and capacity selection of living room sockets
A. Layout of living room sockets
The living room is the center of people's meetings, watching TV, singing karaoke and living activities. The main household appliances are audio (speakers, DVD players, power amplifiers), air conditioners, electric heaters, floor lamps, broadband, telephones and televisions. From the usage of these household appliances, it can be found that once the positions of weak current (cable TV sockets, telephones, broadband information sockets) are determined, at least four groups of strong current (power supply) multi-purpose sockets will be determined accordingly. The horizontal distance between the strong current and the weak current socket should be above 0.5m If the distance is too close, the strong current will cause electromagnetic interference to the weak current signal and affect the viewing effect.
Color TV and stereo must be put together. Color TV sets need both cable TV signal sockets and power sockets. Color TV and stereo are two-hole plugs, so * * needs two sets of sockets (two holes in each set). Computers, printers and fax machines are arranged together (computers, printers and fax machines should be placed in the study, but considering that most houses have no study at present, they have to be placed in the living room), and two sets of multi-purpose sockets are needed. Three hole socket). In this way, the form of two groups of multi-purpose sockets with weak current sockets as the center and horizontal distance of at least 0.5m on both sides is formed. The total length of color TV, stereo, computer, printer and fax machine is about 3m. Even if there is no printer or fax machine at home, its total length is about 2m. It is enough to occupy a wall in the living room, which is the most important part in the living room. Therefore, in the electrical design of residential buildings, although there are many forms of living room, as long as we carefully understand the layout of furniture and the above-mentioned household appliances, grasp the main wall in the living room, and then design according to this method, the main problems in the living room will be solved, and other problems will be solved. The wall opposite the color TV and stereo must be sofa and coffee table. This part needs a telephone socket, 1 group power multi-purpose socket (for floor lamp and electric heater). Then according to the building plan and convenient installation of air conditioning pipes, the location of air conditioning sockets is determined. Other walls of the living room shall be arranged 1 to 2 multi-purpose sockets as spare.
To sum up, I think the living room of a modern house needs 6 to 8 sets of strong electrical sockets and at least 3 sets of weak electrical sockets to meet people's living needs.
B. Selection of installation height and capacity of living room socket
In most electrical designs, the installation height of the living room socket is basically 0.3m or 1.4m from the ground and 0.3m from the ground, which leads to inconvenience for residents to decorate, easy to be blocked by low cabinets, and inconvenient for plugging and unplugging. Moreover, the low cabinets cannot be placed close to the wall, leaving unpleasing space for plugging and unplugging. The disadvantage that the bottom edge is 1.4m from the ground is that the height of the dado decorated by residents is generally 1m, and the bottom edge of the socket is 0.4m from the top of the dado, which is not harmonious and affects the appearance. So I think the bottom edge of the living room socket is off the ground1.0m. It is not only convenient to use, but also can be coordinated with the decoration of dado. In addition, in the living room less than 20㎡, the air conditioner is generally wall-mounted, so the distance from the bottom of the socket of this air conditioner to the ground is1.8m. If the living room is larger than 20 ㎡, the height of the socket is1.0m. The socket capacity selection of the living room is: three hole socket for wall-mounted air conditioner, three hole socket for cabinet air conditioner, and the rest.
2. Layout, installation height and capacity selection of bedroom sockets
A. Bedroom socket layout
The bedroom is a place where people rest and sleep. The main household appliances are: telephone, TV, air conditioner, floor lamp, bedside lamp, floor fan, electric blanket, etc. Determining the position of the bed is the key to the layout of the bedroom socket. Generally, a double bed is placed in the center of the room, with one end against the wall, and the width of the double bed is generally 1 .5m. Then, a set of multi-purpose power sockets (two holes or three holes) are set on both sides of the bed for bedside lamps, floor fans and electric blankets, a telephone socket is set on the bed (according to the specifications, a broadband information socket is also needed for the master bedroom), and a cable TV socket and1are set on the opposite side of the bed. * * * Set 4 ~ 5 groups of high-voltage sockets and 2 groups of low-voltage sockets.
B. Selection of installation height and capacity of bedroom socket
Decorative panels are rarely used as dado in bedroom decoration. It is suggested that the bottom edge of air conditioning power socket is 1.8m from the ground, and the bottom edge of other strong and weak power sockets is 0.3m from the ground. The air conditioning power supply is 10A three hole socket, and the rest are 10A two-hole and three-hole multipurpose sockets.
3. Learn the layout, installation height and capacity selection of sockets.
A. Study the socket layout
The study is a place for people to study and can also be used as a fitness exercise. The main household appliances are computers, telephones, printers, fax machines, air conditioners, table lamps, fitness equipment and so on. People usually put their desks in front of the window, so one side of the window wall is equipped with cable TV sockets, a set of broadband and telephone information sockets and a set of TV power sockets, and the other side is equipped with two sets of multi-purpose power sockets for computers, fax machines and printers. A set of wall-mounted air-conditioning sockets is set on the side wall of the window, and 1-2 sets of multi-purpose sockets are set at other appropriate positions for the use of fitness equipment. This room has five sets of strong electrical outlets and two sets of weak electrical outlets.
B. Learn how to choose the installation height and capacity of the socket.
Except that the bottom of the air conditioner is off the ground 1.8m, the bottom of other strong and weak current sockets is 1.0m, the air conditioner socket is 10A three hole socket, and other strong current sockets are 10A two-hole and three-hole multipurpose sockets.
4. Layout, installation height and capacity selection of kitchen sockets
The kitchen is where people cook, and there are many household appliances. Mainly refrigerators, rice cookers, exhaust fans, disinfection cabinets, electric water heaters, electric ovens, microwave ovens, dishwashers, wall-mounted telephones and so on. According to the layout details of the building kitchen, determine the position of sewage pool, cooker and vegetable cutting table. A multi-purpose socket is set for the exhaust fan on the side of the stove, and seven sets of three hole socket are evenly set at the top of the vegetable cutting table. The kitchen socket shall be splash-proof protection socket with switch, with the capacity of 10A. Considering the convenience for people in the kitchen to answer the phone, a telephone socket can be set next to the kitchen door, and the distance between the bottom of the socket and the ground is1.4m..
5. Layout, installation height and capacity selection of restaurant sockets
Restaurants are places where people eat. There are few household appliances. There are electric hot pots in winter and floor fans in summer. Two groups (two holes or three holes) of multi-purpose sockets can be evenly arranged along the wall, with the installation height of 0.3m from the bottom to the ground and the capacity of 10A. Install a telephone socket with a height of 1.4m from the bottom to the ground.
6. Layout, installation height and capacity selection of toilet sockets
The bathroom is a place where people wash their faces, brush their teeth, comb their hair and wash clothes. The weather is humid. The main household appliances are washing machines, hair dryers and so on. The position of washing machine and washbasin shall be determined according to the design drawings of water supply and drainage, and each one shall be equipped with a multipurpose socket, which shall be splash-proof, and the bottom edge of the socket shall be 1.4m from the ground, with a capacity of 10A.
7. Layout, installation height and capacity selection of toilet sockets
The bathroom is a place where people take a bath and urinate. Household appliances include exhaust fans, electric heaters, electric water heaters, telephones, etc. The exhaust fan uses 1 each 10A multi-purpose socket, and uses two 15A three hole socket power heaters and electric water heaters. The bottom edge is farthest from the shower1.8m.. Splash-proof sockets must be used. The bottom of telephone socket is 1.4m from the ground. The reason for installing the telephone is to facilitate people to keep in touch with the outside world when taking a shower or going to the toilet.
A multi-purpose socket of 10A should be installed on the balcony, and the bottom edge should be 1.4m from the ground, so as to be used when the vacuum cleaner cleans.
8, socket selection and protection measures
Sockets in modern houses must be used safely and reliably. Therefore, products with voltage resistance, current carrying capacity, tensile strength of socket copper sheet and insulation grade that meet national standards should be selected. In addition, sockets with safety doors should be selected to prevent children from inserting nails or other metal objects into them.
In addition, it is necessary to strengthen the protection measures of socket circuits and design special PE lines, which cannot be mixed with N lines. PE lines and buildings * * * adopt grounding devices, and the grounding resistance r is less than or equal to 4Ω. Every household's kitchen socket, bathroom socket and air conditioning socket should be designed with special circuits and protected by leakage switches.
9, electrical socket circuit design
According to "Code for Residential Design" (GB50096- 1999), "In addition to the air conditioning power socket, other power socket circuits should be provided with leakage protection devices". Based on this, I think there are three practical, feasible and standardized methods for setting leakage circuit breakers for distribution boxes in residential buildings. This paper discusses the design of distribution box system on the first floor of a villa.
(1) The leakage circuit breaker is located in the socket circuit with leakage protection device.
A. Advantages: Five leakage circuit breakers are used in this setting, and all power socket circuits are equipped with leakage protection devices respectively, which well reflects the requirements of the specification. When a circuit has a leakage fault, it will not affect the normal work of other circuits, and it is also convenient to quickly find the fault circuit and its fault reason.
B. Disadvantages: Due to this arrangement, each villa uses five leakage circuit breakers, so the one-time investment is large and the distribution box is also large (each leakage circuit breaker occupies two places).
Applicable object: this setting method is suitable for buildings with high requirements for residential power distribution and relatively sufficient construction funds.
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