Is the roof difficult to achieve? The government is the referee.
Why should I give you my roof? Who is responsible for the damage to the roof? Who should I talk to if I have any questions? When the owners of roof resources face the roof photovoltaic investors who come to the door, the above questions are widespread. Fear of wrangling makes them generally discouraged.
Let the roof owner build his own photovoltaic system? First, I don't know technology; second, I need investment; third, I have trouble. Unless you are a photovoltaic product manufacturer and an individual "environmental fighter", few families are willing to use this brain.
"The roof is so big, but there are not many available." It has become the first difficult problem in the popularization and application of distributed photovoltaic power generation.
"Most of the existing roofs of enterprises do not take into account the requirements of photovoltaic power generation, and there are many problems such as load bearing, leakage prevention and safety; Large enterprises with a roof of 6,543,800 square meters can save no more than 700,000 yuan in electricity price every year by selling roofs. Many companies are reluctant to provide roofs without considering social responsibility and government promotion and measuring gains and losses. " The leaders of relevant departments of Zhejiang provincial government have a deep understanding of the difficulty in roof implementation.
Jiaxing municipal government expanded the scale development and market application of distributed photovoltaic power generation, and took the lead in seeking a breakthrough from the implementation of roof resource utilization. The relevant policies of Jiaxing Municipal Government specifically stipulate that if the roof area of new buildings reaches a certain scale, roof photovoltaic power stations must be designed and built simultaneously according to the integration standard of photovoltaic buildings.
As the "vanguard" of photovoltaic power generation in Jiaxing, Photovoltaic High-tech Industrial Park has adopted the "four unifications" mode of unified planning, unified storage, unified standards and unified management for roof resources, organized the preliminary arrangement of roof resources, and gradually established a database of roof resources of distributed photovoltaic power stations to store and keep roof resources in a unified way.
"The roof resources in the park are diversified, including industrial buildings, residential buildings, municipal administration, science parks and commercial buildings. At present, we have divided the existing buildings into 12 concentrated contiguous areas, with an installed capacity of 3-6 MW. We signed an installation agreement with the roof owners in advance to unify roof leasing, electricity price concessions and contract energy management policies and standards, so that the government has mastered a considerable amount of roof resources. " Xu Kaiping, the management committee of Jiaxing Photovoltaic Hi-tech Industrial Park, told the reporter.
When the investor of photovoltaic power generation project signs an agreement with the owner of roof resources, the government will not be a bystander, but participate in and witness the whole process of project construction as a "third party".
The reporter saw in the park management committee that Jiaxing Jingke Energy Development Co., Ltd., as a development operator, signed a photovoltaic demonstration application project agreement with Shanghai Jiaotong University Science Park (Jiaxing) Co., Ltd., and the management committee of Jiaxing Photovoltaic High-tech Industrial Park appeared as Party C in the agreement. The rights and obligations of Party C stipulated in the tripartite agreement include: urging Party A and Party B to fulfill their respective obligations and supporting the realization of their respective rights; Provide necessary assistance for Party B to handle government license documents, environmental impact assessment and power grid access approval, and organize commissioning and acceptance. Under legal and reasonable circumstances; If there is a dispute between Party A and Party B, Party C shall participate in mediation at the request of Party A or Party B or both.
"With the government's guarantee, the trust of both investors and owners has greatly increased, so there is no place to complain if there is a dispute. Without worries, the promotion of photovoltaic power generation projects has naturally been greatly accelerated. In the photovoltaic high-tech industrial park, except for roofs that are not suitable for installation, most roofs have installed or will install photovoltaics. " On the roof of the R&D building in Shanghai Jiaotong University Industrial Park, Xu Shao, deputy secretary-general of Jiaxing Photovoltaic Industry Association, pointed to the rooftop photovoltaic modules that can be seen everywhere and told reporters.
"Before there was a tripartite agreement and relevant regulations, some roof companies asked for prices at will, and it was very common to temporarily break the lease contract, which caused great damage to the interests of our investors. Since the government intervened, we deeply feel that our interests have been guaranteed. " He also told reporters that the general manager of Jiaxing Branch of Zhejiang Youtai New Energy Co., Ltd..
According to the reporter's understanding, as a third party, the park management committee not only acts as a referee for dispute resolution, but also arranges roof resources as a whole, balances the distribution of "good" roofs and "poor" roofs in the construction of distributed power stations, and avoids the vicious competition of investors for resources, thus becoming a key "third party".
In order to further standardize the roof resource market, the park management committee has also formulated two modes of roof leasing: first, the owners directly rent the roof resources, and the investors pay the annual rent of 6 yuan/square meter, and then all the generated electricity is owned by the investors; Second, the electricity generated by the photovoltaic power station is first used by the roof owner, and the rest is connected to the Internet. Roof owners pay the electricity fee to investors at a discount of 10% of the main line price.
Both of these methods have benefited both investors and owners.
Is loan financing difficult? Policy accident
Financial institutions often choose enterprises with good repayment reputation, strong background and stable return on investment as the object of loan issuance. They believe that the return on investment of distributed photovoltaic power plants is uncertain, time-consuming and risky, so it is difficult for some small and medium-sized enterprises to obtain bank loans. Financing is difficult to become another shackle of distributed photovoltaic power generation.
"In response to the concerns of financial institutions on the protection of income rights and operational risk control of photovoltaic power generation applications, Jiaxing Municipal Government actively explores the establishment of credit methods suitable for distributed photovoltaic power generation projects, and strives to form an anti-risk mechanism and actively seek the support of financial institutions when there are various risks such as finance, insurance, investors, roof owners and system quality in photovoltaic power generation applications." Xiao Peisheng, deputy secretary of Jiaxing Municipal Committee and mayor, said when introducing Jiaxing's experience.
In order to strengthen the financing guarantee, Jiaxing Municipal Government encourages and supports the establishment of professional financial institutions in Jiaxing Photovoltaic High-tech Industrial Park, vigorously introduces various photovoltaic industry investment funds, explores the establishment of a new financing mechanism for photovoltaic enterprises to issue bonds publicly, further innovates the financial system and expands financing channels.
Establish a communication mechanism between the government, banks and enterprises, and require financial institutions to strengthen credit support for photovoltaic enterprises and power generation projects in Jiaxing, and implement the national benchmark interest rate for loans to enterprises and projects supported by Jiaxing photovoltaic industry, without increasing additional financing conditions and projects.
Xu Kaiping said that the park management committee has contacted a number of banks and reserved places for them to open branches in the whole region, in exchange for the government's integrity for the support of financial institutions. At present, many banks have inspected the whole area and made plans to settle in the park. Among them, China Development Bank, Minsheng Bank and other banks have given great credit support to key photovoltaic application projects and enterprises in Jiaxing.
While obtaining loan support from financial institutions, Jiaxing municipal government also plans to further pave the way for corporate financing from various angles.
One is to provide loan guarantees and interest subsidies. That is, the government will invest, absorb social capital, set up a loan guarantee fund, give priority to providing liquidity loan guarantee for key photovoltaic enterprises, and give priority to providing financial discount for photovoltaic industry infrastructure construction loans.
Second, the establishment of photovoltaic industry venture (risk) investment guidance fund. In the city venture capital (venture) investment guidance funds, the photovoltaic industry venture capital (venture) investment guidance funds are specially set up, and the amount is not less than 35% of the total venture capital (venture) investment guidance funds, which are specially used to guide various venture capital institutions to invest in photovoltaic enterprises.
The third is to support listing financing. Help photovoltaic enterprises to carry out joint-stock reform, provide collaborative services in asset restructuring, optimal allocation, financial management, counseling and listing, and give listing policy support. Help enterprises communicate with the capital market and relevant institutions, and support enterprises to issue shares in domestic and foreign markets, especially in the domestic market.
Stable economic returns are the key to solving the concerns of investors and financial departments. Jiaxing municipal government and relevant research institutions actively explore financing modes on the basis of providing financing support. The establishment of Tenpay platform and margin pool (or fund pool) is the product of Jiaxing's financing model exploration.
"Through a series of measures, the electricity charges of power companies are collected and stored in the platform. The platform draws a certain proportion (about 10%) from the received margin pool. When the electricity bill encounters special circumstances, it can be temporarily withdrawn from the deposit pool to ensure the interests of all parties and solve the problem of financing difficulties. " Xu Kaiping introduced their ideas to reporters.
Whether insurance is sound or not also determines the success of financing to a certain extent. "The main sources of investment returns for investors investing in photovoltaic power plants are power generation income and power subsidies issued by governments at all levels. After the photovoltaic power station is put into use, whether the annual power generation can reach the theoretical expected level within the service life of 25 years will also be affected and restricted by meteorological conditions such as actual lighting and the performance of power station components and other accidents, so there is a risk. Risks will affect financing. " Xu Kaiping said that at present, they are discussing with commercial insurance institutions such as PICC P&C Insurance Company, Anbang Insurance Company, Pacific Insurance Company and Yingda Property Insurance Company in China the feasibility of insurance protection for photovoltaic power plants. Jiaxing Photovoltaic High-tech Industrial Park has formulated a pilot scheme of innovative insurance mode for distributed photovoltaic applications in advance, which provides a good reference for insurance institutions, such as suggesting to sign insurance during the construction period of power stations and underwriting insurance during the operation and maintenance period of power stations.
On August 13, Anbang Insurance held an on-site exchange meeting in Jiaxing Photovoltaic High-tech Industrial Park to discuss the Insurance Clause for Integrated Operation of Solar Photovoltaic Power Station. The reporter saw that in this general clause that has not yet been implemented, it is stipulated: "This clause consists of all risks during the operation period of the power station, solar radiation power generation index insurance, business interruption electricity fee income loss insurance and general clauses." Insurance that provides protection for photovoltaic power plants from all angles will come out soon.
Is it difficult to connect to the grid? maintenance logistics
"Compared with centralized ground photovoltaic power plants, distributed photovoltaic power generation is uncertain, and it will inevitably have an impact on the power grid after grid connection. State Grid Corporation requires all distributed photovoltaics to be connected to the grid, and the safe operation, dispatching and maintenance of the power grid are all new topics. " Wang Jianmin, deputy general manager of State Grid Jiaxing Power Supply Company, told the reporter.
The difficulty of grid connection is an undeniable problem. In the final analysis, it is not a policy issue, but a technical issue. In Jiaxing, with the leadership of the government and the cooperation of power supply companies, the problem is no longer difficult.
At the beginning of the work, Jiaxing Municipal Government took key enterprise research institutes as the core carrier, promoted the technological innovation of photovoltaic industry, guided by market-oriented operation, and promoted the innovation of scientific research system of photovoltaic industry. Four key research institutes, including distributed photovoltaic grid-connected technology research institute, photovoltaic equipment and intelligent control research institute and photovoltaic energy application technology research institute, were built in Jiaxing Photovoltaic High-tech Industrial Park to conduct in-depth research on photovoltaic grid-connected technology.
"Our institute focuses on photovoltaic grid-connected system design and regional smart grid research, undertakes photovoltaic grid-connected technology research and development and industrialization research, and provides technical support for large centralized photovoltaic power generation systems, distributed microgrid systems, small household photovoltaic power generation systems and photovoltaic power generation operation supervision, regional smart grid management, value-added services, communication information, etc." Wang Yuechao, dean of Zhejiang Distributed Photovoltaic Grid-connected Technology Research Institute, told the reporter.
The Institute of Photovoltaic Equipment and Intelligent Control and the Institute of Photovoltaic Energy Application Technology also have research topics related to grid connection. The former focuses on smart grid access control equipment and photovoltaic inverter; The latter completes the flexible switching technology of microgrid operation strategy in grid-connected operation mode, and develops key technologies such as microgrid monitoring platform. With the technical support of scientific research institutions, we have overcome one grid-connected problem after another.
If the quality of photovoltaic system itself is not up to standard, the harm to the safety of power grid operation after grid connection is incalculable, which was once one of the reasons that power grid companies were worried about. "Distributed photovoltaic is a new thing. We have neither the qualification for monitoring and evaluation nor the ability to evaluate the rooftop photovoltaic system installed by customers. " The person in charge of the marketing department of Jiaxing Power Supply Company said.
Therefore, Jiaxing strives to make a breakthrough in building and installation standards. Government departments, together with technical personnel of relevant enterprises, have formulated a series of technical standards from the aspects of product selection, roof load bearing, building layout, completion acceptance, operation and maintenance, etc., especially standardizing the technical parameters of products, encouraging the application of new technologies such as high-efficiency battery modules and new inverters, and defining the layout requirements of photovoltaic square field, photovoltaic system power transmission and distribution and control cables. At the same time, Beijing Jianheng Certification Center is introduced as a third-party testing organization for distributed photovoltaic power generation projects, which is responsible for project acceptance.
Under the leadership of Jiaxing Municipal Government, Jiaxing Power Supply Company cooperated closely and made a breakthrough in grid-connected access specification, and issued five technical regulations, including Technical Specification for Configuration and Setting of Distributed Photovoltaic Protection in Jiaxing Power Grid (Trial), Technical Specification for Configuration and Setting of Relay Protection for Distributed Power Access Distribution Network (Trial), Typical Design of Access System for 10 kV Power Generation Project and Typical Design and Scheme of Residential Photovoltaic Access System.
At the same time, optimize grid-connected services, and the power sector will take the lead in building six systems, namely, system guarantee, service guarantee, power grid planning, technical support, operation monitoring and electricity bill settlement, and introduce distributed photovoltaic power generation access systems such as Administrative Measures for Grid-connected Services of Distributed Photovoltaic Power Generation, Regulations for Residents' Grid-connected Services and Regulations for Dispatching and Operation, and establish a "one-hole" external grid-connected service and real-name registration system responsibility system for the power sector.
Under the protection of a series of technical specifications and systems, Jiaxing Power Supply Company has accepted all grid-connected applications within the time limit, and all eligible distributed photovoltaic projects have been connected to the grid within the time limit.
From July 25th to August 1 reported by Jiaxing Power Supply Company to relevant government departments, the reporter saw that the city accepted 200 photovoltaic projects with a total installed capacity of 254. 12 MW, and the photovoltaic projects were connected to the grid 1 1, with a total grid-connected capacity of 655438. The weekly report also explains in detail the failure of grid connection acceptance or the non-grid connection caused by customers' own reasons.
Is it difficult to recover electricity charges? Qi Xin responded together.
It is difficult to recover the electricity bill. Where is the difficulty? It is difficult to use someone else's roof as a power generation site. Once the owner of the roof resource defaults on the electricity fee, the power station operator as an ordinary enterprise has no good way to deal with it, and will face great risk of electricity fee recovery.
In fact, the recovery of electricity charges is also a difficult problem faced by large central enterprises such as State Grid Corporation. The method of touching users with high-quality service by State Grid Corporation and the method of compulsory power supply by Electricity Law cannot be completely recovered, which is even more difficult for small and medium-sized private enterprises with few employees.
He, the general manager of Jiaxing Branch of Zhejiang Youtai New Energy Co., Ltd., told reporters about their helplessness: "There are only two or three people responsible for electricity bill recovery, and the owners of distributed photovoltaics are very scattered. We don't have the manpower to call home every day; We can't directly pull electricity and photovoltaic electricity like the power grid company. The owner can still use the mains electricity, which will have no impact on the users, but our losses will be great. " Although her company has just entered the recovery period of electricity charges, it has not encountered such a thing, but it has also heard about the arrears of electricity charges by other investors and is very worried.
As a company with rich experience in overseas photovoltaic investment, Zhejiang Youtai New Energy Co., Ltd. is used to using legal weapons to protect itself. As the power receiver, the company will clearly stipulate the electric energy metering method, electricity fee settlement period, settlement basis, settlement method, settlement time and dispute settlement method when signing the power purchase and reception agreement with the roof resource owner. "If we encounter malicious arrears in electricity bills, we will take legal measures. Unless it is a bankrupt enterprise, I believe that our electricity bills can be recovered." He Ping told reporters that, of course, the company will be very cautious when choosing a roof owner.
As a staff member of the management committee of the park, Yang Jianping is not worried about the recovery of electricity charges in Shajiabang Community invested by the management committee.
"Our electricity bill is deducted from the rent of roof resources for the owners of the roof. The rent is paid to the tenants at the end of each year, and the tenants also use electricity first and settle the electricity bill at the end of the year. Under normal circumstances, the electricity is definitely less than the rent, and it is enough to deduct the electricity bill when paying the rent. " Yang Jianping said.
Although in the reporter's interview, I didn't think that Jiaxing's electricity bill recovery was a big problem, but the Jiaxing municipal government took precautions and formulated policies to nip in the bud.
According to reports, there are currently four ways to collect electricity charges in Jiaxing: first, banks are responsible for collecting them; Second, the third-party operation and maintenance company entrusted by the government collects electricity charges if the bank does not collect them; Third, the government will coordinate if the operation and maintenance company fails to receive the electricity bill; Fourth, in the absence of government coordination, relevant legal measures should be taken to solve the problem.
Jiaxing Photovoltaic High-tech Industrial Park is also exploring the way that photovoltaic power generation is fully connected to the Internet, and the power grid company pays the power station operators in advance according to the desulfurization benchmark electricity price.
"Power grid companies will definitely not default on electricity bills, and the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation measurement and settlement will be greatly improved." Xu Kaiping said. However, he also said that this is only their initial idea and needs to be negotiated with relevant units.
"Constantly broaden financing channels, innovate financing platforms, actively explore mechanisms such as electricity bill settlement transactions and electricity consumption proximity, improve support policies, and further enhance the enthusiasm of investors. Really make photovoltaic manufacturing enterprises profitable, photovoltaic power generation investment and development enterprises profitable, and photovoltaic power generation investment companies' business model innovation is sustainable. " On August 4th, at the Jiaxing Distributed Photovoltaic Power Generation Exchange Conference, Mayor Xiao Peisheng spoke to hit the floor.