A landscaping technique in which stones or artificial stones are placed in a naturally exposed rock landscape. The placement of stones can also be combined with their practical functions, such as soil conservation, slope protection and being used as planting beds or devices to decorate landscape garden space. Stone inlay can embody a deeper artistic conception in a simple form, and achieve the artistic effect of "inch stone gives birth to love". Gong Yu records that there are "strange stones" in the tribute payable in Taishan Valley. "Southern History" contains: "Irrigation is near Huaishui. There is a strange stone in the mountain pond before lent, which is ten feet and six feet long. " This is the beginning of putting stones in history books. The Book of the Old Tang Dynasty contains: "Letian won the first stone in Tianzhu when it stopped the secretariat in Hangzhou" and "Five stones in Taihu Lake when it stopped the secretariat in Suzhou". Stone fetishism prevailed in the Tang Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, private gardens in the south of the Yangtze River were also inlaid with stones. There are sixty-five stone statues of Xuanhe in the Stone Story of Suyuan compiled and painted by Lin in Ming Dynasty. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, stones were placed more widely in gardens, and there was a saying that "there is no garden without stones". The existing famous stones in the south of the Yangtze River include Ruiyunfeng in Suzhou Weaving Institute (now Suzhou No.10 Middle School) in Qing Dynasty, Yundingfeng in Liuyuan, Yulinglong in Shanghai Yuyuan Garden and rugged Yunfeng in Hangzhou Garden. The oldest stone is the "Song Ting" stone bed in Huishan, Wuxi, which is engraved with the word "Song Ting" by Li, a calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty. There are many kinds of stone inlays in gardens: 1, special inlays. Jiangnan, also known as narcissism, is also known as "Mo Lifeng", which is made of huge stones with peculiar shapes, special textures and colors. It is often used as a barrier to the garden entrance and as a contrast point for landscapes, leaky windows or basements. This kind of stone can also be placed in the gallery, under the pavilion and by the water as the landscape center of local space. Such as the "Green Show" in the Summer Palace in Beijing, stalactites, coral stones and wood fossils in the imperial garden of the Forbidden City. Special settings can also be small and large, not all of which are full peaks. 2, opposite. The two rocks are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the building to contrast the environment and enrich the scenery. Such as Fangshan stone in Beijing Keyuan. 3. Dispersion. Also known as scattered points, that is, the practice of "saving three and gathering five". It is often used to decorate the inner courtyard or spread on the hillside as slope protection. Scattering can be divided into large scatters and small scatters according to different volumes. Fangshan stone is used as a large scattered point on the west side of the piedmont of Qionghua Island in Beihai, Beijing, which not only slows down the erosion of the ground, but also adds a strange rugged trend to the earth mountain. Sporadic spots, such as the practice near the pavilion of "pine and cypress meet green" in Zhongshan Park in Beijing, appear to be deeply buried and shallow, intermittent, scattered and gathered, and the context is obscure. 4. Rock collection. In order to increase the natural scenery of gardens, stones are often used as stone screens, stone fences, stone tables, stone benches, stone beds and so on. The stone benches in the "Yannanxun" pavilion on Qionghua Island in Beihai and the stone beds in nearby caves all add artistic charm to the garden scenery. 5. Rock terraces. Setting stone platforms, relatively lowering the groundwater level, arranging suitable viewing height and arranging garden space will make flowers, trees and rocks present poetic and picturesque pictures that complement each other. Gardens often use rocks as flower stands and plant ornamental plants such as peony, peony, red maple, bamboo and southern Tianzhu. The layout of flower stands should be reasonable, properly absorb the method of "wide and easy to move, inaccurate density" in seal cutting, and adopt the layout methods of occupying edges, holding corners, giving way to the heart and staggering. So that it has the contrast changes of retraction, brightness, distance, fluctuation and so on. For individual flower stands, there are twists and turns in the plane, big bends and small bends, and the curvature and spacing are all changing. If the dike with natural extension is adopted, the elevation requires height, level and real change. There are high peak stones on the platform and low exposed rocks on the ground. This is how the peony terrace in the south of the "Hanbishan Room" in Suzhou Lingering Garden is arranged. 6. Combination of stone placement and landscape architecture. For example, holding and fixing the angle is to reduce the dull feeling of the corners and increase the natural and vivid atmosphere. Put a stone in the outer corner, called holding the corner; Putting a stone in the inner corner is called inlaying. The steps at the entrance of a building are often made of natural rocks, which are called "flat waves" in Wenming Zhenheng's Chronicle of Long History. There are stones on both sides, the main stone is called "squatting" and the guest stone is called "matching". 7. Plastic stone. In areas where stones are not produced, plastic stones made of mortar or reinforced concrete have been used in modern times. This method can be freely modeled and is not limited by the shape of natural stone, but its storage life is short and its color quality is not as good as that of natural stone.
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