The South China Sea Islands are the general names of many islands, sandbars, reefs, shoals and shoals of China in the South China Sea. They are widely distributed. It stretches from north to south 1800 km, with an east-west distribution of about 900 km. * * * There are more than 200 islands, reefs, beaches and beaches. These islands start from Wei Bei Beach near the coast in the north, Wan 'an Beach in the west, Zengmu shoal in the south and Huangyan Island in the east. From north to south, it can be divided into four islands: Dongsha, Xisha, Zhongsha and Nansha.
First, dongsha islands:
Dongsha islands is located about 260 kilometers south of Shantou City and about 3 15 kilometers southeast of the Pearl River Estuary. It consists of Dongsha Island, Dongsha Reef, Nantan and north beach. Dongsha Island reef plate is crescent-shaped, and Chaoshan fishermen are also called crescent island, with an area of 1.8 square kilometers and an altitude of only 6 meters. It is composed of coral-based biological fragments.
Dongsha islands is the northernmost group of islands in the South China Sea, which belongs to Lufeng City, Shanwei City, Guangdong Province. There are three coral atolls, namely Dongsha Atoll (Dongsha Island and Dongsha Reef), South Waitan Atoll (Reef) and North Waitan Atoll (Reef).
Dongsha islands is a group of islands in the South China Sea, which is closest to the mainland and has the fewest islands and reefs. Located in an important transportation hub for international navigation, it belongs to jieshi town, Lufeng City, Shanwei City, Guangdong Province, and actually belongs to Qijin District, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan Province Province. The island guards the bashi channel, and the entrance of Balintang Strait has important strategic value, and it is at the crossroads of international routes from East Asia to the Indian Ocean and Asia, Africa and Oceania.
Second, Xisha Islands:
Xisha Islands or paracel islands (also known as paracel islands) is one of the four islands in the South China Sea of China, consisting of Yongle Islands and Xuande Islands. It is the largest archipelago in the South China Sea of China, starting from Beijiao in the north, Xianfeng Beach in the south, Xidutan in the east and Zhongjian Island in the west.
Xisha Islands lie between15 46' north latitude and17 08' east longitude, and111'~12 east longitude. The administrative center of Sansha City is located in Yongxing Island, Xisha Islands.
Xisha Islands are distributed in the sea area of more than 500,000 square kilometers. There are 22 islands, 7 sandbars, 8 atolls, 1 platform reef and 1 reef beach, with a total land area of about 10 square kilometers and a coastline of 5 18 kilometers. Among them, Yongxing Island is the largest, accounting for 3.2 square kilometers (including Shidao), Shidao is the highest, with an altitude of 15.9 meters. The Gaojianshi in Dongdao Atoll is the only volcanic breccia island in the South China Sea. ?
Xisha Islands have been sacred and inviolable territory of China since ancient times, and were called Jiuruluo (Stone), qi zhou (Ocean), Changsha and Changsha, Li Qian in ancient times. Coral Island was occupied by Saigon regime in South Vietnam from 1956, Ganquan Island and Treasure Island were occupied by Vietnamese troops in 1974+05438+07, and the Xisha Battle took place in 1974+05438+09-20, and China regained the third place.
Third, zhongsha islands:
Zhongsha islands (also known as Marcosfield sandbar? , Zhongsha Reef), one of the four islands in the South China Sea of China, is located in the middle of the South China Sea, south of Xisha Islands and 200 kilometers away from Yongxing Island. It is a group among the South China Sea islands. The archipelago starts from Shenhu Shoal in the north, reaches Shoal in the south and reaches Huangyan Island in the east. Its geographical location is13 57' ~19 33' north latitude and113 02' ~18 40 east longitude.
Zhongsha islands is an ocean island, which is developed in the central deep-sea basin and the top of Shanghai Mountain on the northern slope. It consists of 26 named shoals and four scattered shoals on Huangyan Island and Zhongsha Atoll, including Yi Tong Shoal, Constitution Shoal, Shenhu Shoal and Zhongnan Shoal. Except for the reef edge of Huangyan Island Atoll, other shoal reefs are hidden in the sea.
The main Zhongsha atoll in zhongsha islands is140km long, 60km wide and13-20m deep, making it the largest atoll in the South China Sea. Huangyan Island is the only island in the zhongsha islands, with an atoll area of about 130 square kilometers and a lagoon depth of 10-20 meters. Huangyan Island is located about 170 nautical miles east of Zhongsha Atoll, adjacent to Manila Trench. ?
The surface water temperature in zhongsha islands sea area is 27℃-30℃, and the seawater salinity is 32.5-34. The transparency of seawater is 35-38m. Zhongsha islands is the geological product of various reef-building corals. Various marine life grows on and around coral reefs, forming a coral reef biological tribe. Fish, shrimp, crab and shellfish are rich in resources and have important development value.
Fourth, Nansha Islands:
Nansha Islands (also known as Prattley Islands and Prattley Islands? ), formerly known as Wanli Shitang, Wanli Longtan and Wansheng Shitangyu. , located in the south of the South China Sea, starts from Xiongnan Reef in the north, reaches shoal in the south, Wan 'an Beach in the west and Haima Beach in the east. It is the southernmost group of islands in the South China Sea, with the largest number of islands and reefs and the widest distribution.
The Vietnamese side of Nansha Islands calls it Changsha Islands (Vietnamese: Qu? n？ o Tr？ Ng Sa/ islands Changsha). Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines all use the name Prattley Islands to refer to the whole island group (Malay, Indonesian: Kepulauan Spratly；; Tagalog language: Kapuluang Spratly); Malaysia calls the occupied part the Sambo Dragon Observation Group Reef (in Malay: Gugusan Semarang Peninjau), and the Philippines calls the occupied part the Karayan Islands (in Tagalog: Kapuluan ng Kalayaan). ?
Nansha Islands is located at 3 35' ~1155' north latitude and109 30' ~17 50' east longitude, with a length of 905km from east to west, 887km from north to south and a sea area of 88. It faces Vietnam in the northwest, the Philippines across the sea in the northeast and the coastal areas of Malaysia, Brunei and Indonesia in the south.
Nansha Islands is a tropical marine monsoon climate, and it is the largest tropical fishing ground of marine fishery in China. The sea area is rich in mineral resources, especially oil and gas resources, and is called "the second Persian Gulf". Nansha Islands, located between Cam Ranh Bay in Vietnam and subic bay in the Philippines, is an important international waterway from East Asia to South Asia, the Middle East, Africa and Europe, an important channel for China's opening to the outside world and an important barrier for the security of southern Xinjiang. Since the 1970s, Vietnam, the Philippines, Malaysia and other countries have successively sent troops to occupy some islands and reefs in Nansha Islands, causing disputes in the South China Sea.
Extended data:
Nansha Islands have been our territory since ancient times. Nansha Islands are the earliest islands discovered, named, developed, operated, managed and exercised by China. In the era of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Nansha Islands were discovered. Since the Tang and Song Dynasties, the people of China have lived and engaged in fishing and other production activities in Nansha Islands. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the China government clearly placed the Nansha Islands under the jurisdiction of Qiongzhou Prefecture (now Hainan Province). 1933, the Nansha Islands were occupied by the French colonial authorities who ruled Vietnam at that time and illegally placed under the jurisdiction of Bati Province. During World War II, the Japanese army invaded the Nansha Islands in March 1939. 1945 After the Japanese surrender, the China government sent personnel to take over the Nansha Islands in 1946, and erected a monument to commemorate it and sent troops to station. 1947, Dongsha, Xisha, Zhongsha, Nansha Islands and islands, reefs, sands and beaches were renamed and placed under the jurisdiction of Guangdong Province again.
After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), 195 15 August 15, Zhou Enlai issued the Statement on the Draft Peace Treaty between the United States, Britain and France and the San Francisco Conference, pointing out: Xisha Islands, Nansha Islands, dongsha islands,? Like zhongsha islands, "incense is the territory of China".
During the period of 1967, the United Nations continental reef exploration mission in Southeast Asia pointed out that the Nansha Islands contained a large number of oil and gas resources, and the Nansha Islands began to attract the attention of neighboring countries. They successively sent troops to occupy these uninhabited islands in pursuit of their new or old sovereignty claims. Vietnam invaded as many as 29 islands in Nansha Islands of China in 1973- 1974, 1978,1990-199, 1998.
The sovereignty dispute of Nansha Islands has a long history. People's Republic of China (PRC), Taiwan Province authorities and Viet Nam all claim full sovereignty over these islands, while Malaysia and the Philippines claim sovereignty over some islands and have deployed military forces to ensure their rights and interests in this region. Brunei and Indonesia, on the other hand, claim sovereignty over the sea area, which indirectly includes part of the Nansha Islands.
Extended materials:
1, Baidu Encyclopedia _ dongsha islands
2. Baidu Encyclopedia _ Xisha Islands
3. Baidu Encyclopedia _ zhongsha islands
4. Baidu Encyclopedia _ Nansha Islands
5. Baidu Encyclopedia _ China Island