A factor that has a great influence on the capital turnover rate is the proportion of production capital. According to the difference of value transfer, circulation form and turnover mode, production capital in industrial capital cycle can be divided into fixed capital and circulating capital. Fixed capital is the part of production capital that is represented by labor materials such as factories, machines, equipment and tools. It participates in production in material form, maintains its original form for a long time, and constantly plays a role in the production process; However, in the form of value, it is transferred to the product part by part, and its turnover is not completed until the material form no longer works. The circulation form of fixed capital is not the circulation in the form of use value, not the change of material form, but the transfer of value, and this part of the transferred value should be preserved as depreciation expense in the form of monetary capital, and the material renewal will not be carried out until the value is completely transferred, that is, the centralized monetary capital will be transformed into production capital. Working capital is a part of production capital composed of raw materials, fuels, auxiliary materials, packaging materials and other labor objects and labor force. Its constant part completes its material form change in a production process, and its value is all transferred to the product at the same time; The variable part, that is, labor value, although not transferred to the product, will be reproduced in the production process and become a part of the product value. It can be seen that the turnover speed of fixed capital and working capital is different, the turnover of fixed capital is slow, and the turnover of working capital is fast. The turnover rate of each part of fixed capital is also different. Ordinary tools are turned once every two or three years, machines are turned once every five or eight years, and factories are turned over for longer. Fixed capital accounts for a large proportion of the total prepaid capital, and the capital turnover is slow; On the contrary, if the proportion of working capital is large, the capital turnover will be fast.
2. The influence of capital turnover time on capital turnover.
The capital turnover time is another important factor that affects the capital turnover speed. Because the capital turnover time, that is, the duration of capital turnover, is also composed of many parts. In a big way, it consists of the production time and circulation time of capital, and the production time and circulation time of capital itself have many components. Different capital and different turnover time of each component will affect the speed of capital movement. Specifically including:
First, the labor cycle refers to the interrelated working hours required by a production department to provide a product. The length of labor cycle will affect the speed of capital turnover. At present, many textbooks in our country change the working period into working hours, which is inaccurate. Labor time determines the value of goods, and the calculation of labor time should include the number of workers, but the number of workers should not be considered in the calculation of labor period. )
Second, non-labor time is another part of production time. Non-labor time includes normal interruption time of labor process, that is, normal shutdown time, natural action time and production material reserve time. To shorten the turnaround time and speed up the turnaround, we should not only shorten the working time as much as possible, but also shorten the gap between production time and working time as much as possible.
Third, circulation time, including purchase time and sales time. The main factors affecting the length of circulation time are market supply and demand, the distance between production enterprises and the market, traffic and information. In order to shorten the circulation time, we should change the transportation conditions, strengthen the collection of market information and improve the market competitiveness of products.