Contributed to the vocabulary of Zhuomi's poems.
This is the description of modern poet Haizi's happy life in his heart. Simple and clear language is full of yearning for a simple and free life realm. However, Tao Yuanming used his pastoral poems to break the cage of the official standard thought under the strict system of gate valve at that time.
As a scholar-bureaucrat, he worked as an official for thirteen years from the age of twenty-nine, but he didn't get contaminated with the foul smell of officialdom at that time. Instead, he always hated officialdom. Unwilling to go with the flow, he left the temple and went to the rivers and lakes.
Forty-one-year-old Tao Yuanming finally survived everything. More than 80 days after he made the Pengze County Order, he resolutely resigned and returned to his hometown, leaving a much-told story. He never became an official again. Instead, I sketched a picture of an ideal life in the countryside with a wonderful pen, and made a group of poems entitled "Returning to the Garden":
one
Few people do as the Romans do. Their nature is to love nature. I sneaked into the official career network and have been away from the game for more than ten years.
Birds in cages are often attached to the forests of the past, and fish in ponds yearn for the abyss of the past. I want to open up wasteland in Minamino and keep my humility to the fields.
The house is surrounded by about ten acres of land, thatched cottages. Willow trees cover the eaves, and peach trees cover Li Lieman in front of the hospital.
The neighboring village of the neighboring village is faintly visible, and there is smoke in the village. Several dogs barked in the alley, and the mulberry tree was barked by a rooster.
There is no dust and sundries in the yard, and the quiet room is comfortable and leisurely. Trapped in a cage without freedom for a long time, I finally returned to the forest today.
When I was young, I couldn't learn the skills of flattery and profiteering. I'm just a sincere and frank honest man. My temper seems to have some similarities with that simple country or that quiet nature.
However, as an official's family, as an ordinary intellectual who is familiar with the Four Books and Five Classics, even if it is only to support my family, I will climb up in official career and officialdom. When people reach middle age and look back, they realize that the previous 13 years were misguided.
They will be like birds in the forest, attached to the Woods where they once lived, and the small fish in the pond will be reluctant to stay in the small puddle. I'm tired of the smog of officialdom, and I just want to return to nature, the countryside and start my new life.
I will open a small piece of wasteland in this Tanobe, stick to my stupid nature, live my own life and not think about getting opportunities.
A few acres of fields, a few rooms, a few elms and willows in summer to shade, and a few peach trees and plum trees in autumn to eat fruit. The villages are far apart, and it's beautiful to see each other vaguely.
When it's time to eat, looking at the wisps of smoke curling up in the sky, the full smoke almost warms people's hearts. There are dogs barking and chickens crowing, which is a unique simple temperament in rural areas.
The courtyard is clean and there are no mature chores to disturb the heart. However, the most pleasant thing is not in this residence. At this time, I am like a bird that has been in a cage for a long time. You can finally return to nature, and the feeling of relief is the most important thing.
The picture in this poem is really the same as that in the Peach Blossom Garden. "The land is flat and spacious, the house is just like it, and there are fertile fields and beautiful ponds. There is a lot of traffic in the building, and chickens and dogs hear each other. Among them, farming, men and women dressed, known as outsiders; I believe this is Tao Yuanming's house, facing the sea and warm in bloom in spring.
Secondly,
There are few chariots and horses in the secluded places when the countryside makes friends with the secular world.
This day is still Chai Men closed, and the pure mind blocks the vulgar thoughts.
When complex market music, grass * * *.
When we meet, we don't talk about worldly affairs, only that the garden is long in Sang Ma.
My field is growing higher and higher, and my cultivated land is expanding day by day.
Often worried about sudden frost, crops wither like shrubs.
How peaceful country life is! It is precisely because we live in a remote country, far away from secular communication and entertainment, not to mention any distinguished guests visiting by car.
So we can leave Chai Men alone in a quiet room during the day, isolated from the noisy secular thoughts, and simply think about what we want, even if we are alone in a daze.
But in order to support my family, I will stay with my neighbors, talk about planting in Sang Ma and ask them some questions about farming season. However, I am not without worries. Seeing that the mulberry and hemp I planted grow slowly and the area of land I cultivated is also slow, I am also worried that bad weather, frost or hail will hurt my crops.
third
I planted beans at the foot of Nanshan, and the weeds in the field were covered with peas.
Get up early in the morning to get rid of weeds, and come back with hoes in the moonlight at night.
The narrow path covered with vegetation, the night dew wet my clothes.
It's not a pity to get wet, but I hope it won't be against my will.
I planted beans at the foot of Nanshan, but because I am not good at work, weeds in my field are more flourishing than bean seedlings. Get up early in the morning to weed the fields, sometimes wait until the middle of the month and go home with a hoe at night.
The mountain road is narrow and covered with vegetation, and the dew in the evening wets my clothes. But there's nothing to be ashamed of when my clothes are wet, as long as it doesn't go against my will.
Compared with the previous one, this one describes the work between Tao Gong and farmers in more detail. Tao Yuanming wants to conclude with the sentence "only make it true". What does it mean? On the surface, it is to get rid of weeds and make bean seedlings grow better.
You can think about it carefully, or it may be that Tao Gong wants to get rid of all the weeds in his heart and make all the messy thoughts related to the secular disappear. He just wants to stick to his heart and live a quiet life with a calm mind!
Fourth.
Long-term tourism mountain ze, wild forest entertainment.
Try to take your son and nephew and put them in the wild market.
Yiyi wandered between mountains and dragons, living in the past.
There are remnants in the well, and the mulberry and bamboo rot.
Excuse me, what is this person like?
The wage earners told me that "there is no rest after death".
"A lifetime in a foreign land" is really true!
Life seems illusory, and eventually it will be empty.
I have been away from the mountains and lakes of nature for a long time, and now I can indulge in the mountains and rivers, which is really comfortable. So I took my son, nephew and younger generation through the twigs and walked in the wilderness.
Unconsciously, I arrived at the grave. I wandered around here and recognized the residence of my old friend. My heart was full of infinite thoughts. In the past, there were traces of wells and stoves in the village, but only dead branches of mulberry trees and bamboo were left.
I saw a woodcutter coming towards me and asked him, "Where have all the people who used to live here moved?" The woodcutter answered me, "Poor thing, they are all dead."
There is an old saying that "30 years has changed the face of the market", and life is like an illusory dream, which will eventually become nothing and nothing.
Liezi: "The shapeshifter is called transformation, and it is called illusion. Knowing that there is no difference between illusion and life and death, you can only learn illusion. " Things are impermanent, the most impermanent. When will you open your heart to those who pursue fame and fortune? It is better to follow my heart like me and live the life I yearn for when I am alive. This is not a waste of my life!
Fifth.
Alone in a sense of loss, I returned to my hometown with a staff member. The road was bumpy and in shock.
The mountain stream is shallow and meets my feet.
I'm drinking my newly cooked wine, and two chickens attract the latest game.
When the sun sets, the candle is lit instead.
The height is high and the height is short, and the east is getting white.
A man came home with a melancholy mood on crutches. The mountain road is rugged and full of thorns. Fortunately, there is a small stream in the mountain stream, and the stream is crystal clear. I washed my muddy feet in the water during the break.
My family has newly brewed alcohol, just to kill another chicken and entertain our neighbors with good wine and delicacies. Although my room is dark after sunset, lighting firewood instead of candles can't delay anything, but it makes me like life in the country better.
I had a good time with my neighbor. When the dialogue between the north and the south is strong, the east is getting brighter, and I can't help complaining that the night is too short!
Because the long night talk with his neighbors won't end until dawn, Tao Yuanming complains that the night is short and somewhat childish and lovely, which shows that he really enjoys country life.
Instead of discussing state affairs with those officials, or talking about love, poetry and songs with those literati, we can talk so much happily with ordinary neighbors. We have to admit that Tao Yuanming really belongs to the countryside and nature.
Liang Shiqiu once said: "Magnificence is attributed to plainness, but that plainness is not mediocrity, that plainness is not plainness, and that plainness is an artistic charm that does not show traces of axe." In the eyes of some utilitarians, it is undoubtedly very stupid for Tao Yuanming to abandon his official position and become a rural villager. But from a higher ideological level, from a historical point of view, Tao Yuanming, who returned home, has achieved both himself and poetry.
His seclusion was not because his career was frustrated and he had no choice but to return to the countryside. He has warm expectations from the bottom of his heart. He really likes his country life.
Just as Liang Shiqiu said, his poems are dull and his heart is dull, but this dullness is an artistic charm and a wonderful state. He built a house facing the sea and warm in bloom in spring for many people in the future, which is also the peach blossom garden in the heart of every frustrated person.