Zi Mozi said: "The reason why benevolent people do things is to promote the benefits of the world and eliminate the harm of the world." But what's good for the world? What harm is there in the world? Zi Mozi said: "Today, countries attack each other, families usurp power from each other, people steal from each other, monarch and minister are disloyal, father and son are unfilial, and brothers are at odds, which will certainly harm the world."
But what's the use of worshipping this kind of harm (1)? Do not love each other and create sin? Zi Mozi said, "Born without love." Today's princes only know how to love their own country, but not their own, so they support their own country and attack others without fear. Today's master only loves his family, not his family, so he is not afraid to support his family and usurp other people's homes. Nowadays, people only know how to care for their bodies, but they don't care for them, so they have no fear and take their bodies as thieves. So governors don't love each other, they fight in other places; If the masters don't love each other, they will usurp each other; People who don't love each other are thieves; If you don't love each other, you won't be loyal; Father and son do not love, that is, they are not filial; Brothers don't love each other, so they are not harmonious. People all over the world don't love each other. Strong is weak. If they are rich, they will despise the poor. If they are expensive, they will be contemptible. (2) If they cheat, they will cheat fools. Where the world is troubled by resentment, people who rise from there are born without love. It is based on Pedestrian ③.
Since it's wrong, how can it be easy? Zi Mozi said, "It is easy to love each other and benefit each other." However, how to love and kill each other and complement each other? Zi Mozi said: look at the country of people, if you look at its country; Treat others' homes as their own; Look at a person's body, if you look at his body. Therefore, if princes love each other, they will not compete; If the masters love each other, they will not usurp each other; If people love each other, they will not be thieves; When the monarch and the minister love each other, there must be loyalty; Father and son love each other, that is filial piety; Brothers love each other and are happy. Everyone in the world loves each other. The strong don't hold the weak, the public doesn't rob the widowed, the rich don't bully the poor, the expensive don't be arrogant, and the deceivers don't bully the fools. All disasters in the world usurp resentment, so that those who do not ascend are born with love. Be praised by benevolent people.
Today, however, Mr. Wang said, "Of course! It is good to have both; Although the world is difficult, it is also (4). " Zi Mozi said, "Men and women in the world, especially those who don't know their benefits, argue with them. If you attack the city and fight in the field today, you will be killed in name, and it will be difficult for everyone in the world. If you say (5), then people can do it. If you love each other and benefit from each other, it will be different! If the husband loves others, he will love others. Those who benefit others will benefit from it; Evil, people will be evil; If you hurt others, others will hurt you. Why is it so difficult? Special officials think politics, and scholars don't think things. " In the past, Jin Wengong was a good man with bad clothes, so the ministers of Wen Gong were all dressed in sheepskin (6), and Wei Yi practiced silk crowns with a sword (7), so that he could see you on the throne and practice upward. What is the reason? You did, so I did. In the past, King Ling of Chu was a good scholar (8), so all the ministers of King Ling took rice as a festival, threatened to eat it, helped the wall and got up. Compared with the previous year, the color of North Korea has darkened. What is the reason? You say it, and I can do it. In the past, the king of Yue Ju Jian trained the courage of a good scholar, taught his ministers to be harmonious, and set fire to his scholars, saying, "This is the treasure of Yue!" The King of Yue personally beat the drums. When people heard the drums, they fell into chaos and died in a fire. About a hundred people, the king of Yue struck gold and retreated. Therefore, Mozi said: "If a husband eats less and hates clothes, in the name of killing people, everyone will be in trouble." . If you say it, then everyone can do it; Love each other, mutual benefit, not the same as this! If the husband loves others, others will love them. Those who benefit others will benefit from it; The wicked, people are so evil; If you harm others, others will harm others. Why is it so difficult? Tex doesn't think about politics, and scholars don't think about doing things (10).
Today, however, Mr. Wang said, "Of course! It is good to have both; Although, what is not feasible is also true. For example, if you cross the river and cross the river, you will benefit. " Zi Mozi said, "Right and wrong are also examples. It can be said that the husband is strong enough to cross the river to save money when he is too tall. Since ancient times, no one can do it; If you love each other and benefit from each other, it will be different from this. Gu Shengjun must do it. " How did you know? The ancients ruled the world, and the west was the fishing sinus of Xihe River to drain the water of the canal, and the descendants were emperors. North injection defense, original, faction, Houfu (1 1), pond sinus sprinkling as the bottom pillar (12), chiseling Longmen, benefiting the people of Hu Xun and Xihe in Yan State. Donglou Land (13) is used to protect the people of Jizhou, and it is nine years old to benefit the people of Jizhou. To the south are the rivers, Han, Huai and Ru, and to the east, they flow into the five lakes.
In order to benefit the people of Jingchu, Gansu, Yue and Nanyi. This is my business, and I'm doing it now. In the past, King Wen ruled the western land. If the sky were like the moon, it would shine on the western land. Don't bully small countries for big countries, widows for ordinary people, and dogs for violent situations. Wang Ci, No Country for Old Men, finally got something; Without brothers (14) mixed with strangers; Those who have lost their parents less, let them grow up. This article is about the king, so I do it today and now. In the past, the prince of Wu was in charge of Mount Tai, and the tunnel (15) said, "Mount Tai, it is said that the great-grandson Zhou Wang has something to do. Great things have been done, and benevolent people are still doing things, so only Shang (16), Xia and barbarians are ugly. Although there are relatives, they are heartless. Wan Fang is guilty, and Wei Wei is alone. " This is the matter of the king of Wu, and I am doing it now.
Therefore, Mozi said: "Today's gentleman is loyal to the wealth of the world and hates its poverty; If you want to rule the world and hate its chaos, you will love each other and complement each other. This holy king's law, the rule of the world, must be done. "
To annotate ...
(1) "Chong" is an error of "Cha". ② "ao" means "ao". (3) The word "line" is a mistake of "benevolence". 4 "Yu" is a loan word of "pedantry". ⑤ "Say" means "Yue". (6) ewe: ewe. (7) Wei: cooked cowhide. (8) thin: thin waist. (9) Breaking the doubt is the mistake of the word "array". (10) "Shi" is a mistake of "Shang". (1 1) "Hou" is a "call" error. (12) "Bottom" is the fault of "well". (13) "Right" is a "big" mistake. (14) "Lian" is a foreign word of "pity". (15) The word "tunnel" is suspected to be a mistake of the word "sui". (16) Save.
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Mozi said: "The principle of benevolence is to promote the interests of the world and act according to this principle." So, what's good about this world and what's bad about this world? Mozi said: "Now, if countries attack each other, families plunder each other, people hurt each other, there is no mutual benefit and loyalty between monarch and minister, no love and respect between father and son, and no harmonious life between brothers, this is all the harm in the world."
In that case, why should we investigate these public hazards? Is it because you don't love each other? Mozi said: "It is caused by not loving each other." Now princes only know how to love their own country and not others, so they have no fear to mobilize the power of their own country to attack others' countries. Nowadays, family leaders only know how to love their own families, but not other people's families, so they have no fear to mobilize the power of their own families to plunder other people's families. Now people only know how to love themselves, but not others, so they use all their strength to hurt others without fear. Therefore, if the princes don't love each other, there will inevitably be a fierce battle; If the heads of families do not love each other, they will inevitably plunder each other; If people don't love each other, they will kill each other; If you don't love each other, you won't give each other benefits and loyalty; If a father and son don't love each other, they will not love or respect each other. Brothers don't love each other, so they won't be harmonious. People all over the world don't love each other. The strong will control the weak, the rich will bully the poor, the nobles will despise the humble, and cunning will deceive the stupid. All disasters, plunders, complaints and resentments in the world are caused by not loving each other. So the benevolent thinks it is wrong.
Now I feel that it is wrong not to love each other. What can I do to change it? Mozi said: "instead, everyone loves each other and brings out the best in each other." In this case, what should we do if everyone loves each other and benefits from each other? Mozi said, "Look at a country as your own, others as your own, and people as your own.". "So, governors love each other, there will be no field; When the heads of families love each other, there will be no looting; If people love each other, they will not hurt each other; When you love each other, you will benefit and be loyal to each other; Father and son love each other, they will love each other and respect each other; Brothers love each other, and they will be harmonious and coordinated. People all over the world love each other, so the strong will not control the weak, the majority will not force the few, the rich will not bully the poor, the noble will not look down on the humble, and the cunning will not deceive the stupid. All disasters, plunders, complaints and resentments in the world cannot be caused because of love. therefore
The benevolent praises it.
However, now the gentlemen in the world say, "Yes! Universal love is certainly good. Even so, this is a valuable pedantic thing in the world. " Mozi said: "A gentleman in the world can't tell the benefits of universal love from the reasons for universal love. Now, for example, it is impossible for everyone to attack the city and plunder the land and die. But if the monarch likes it, then the people can do it. In contrast, love and mutual benefit are completely different (good things). Anyone who loves others, others love him immediately; People who are beneficial to others will be immediately beneficial to him; People who hate others will hate him immediately; He who hurts others will be hurt immediately. What are the difficulties in implementing this kind of universal love? It's just that the superiors don't have to be politicians, and the scholars don't have to practice. " Once upon a time, Jin Wengong liked literati to wear bad clothes, so the courtiers of Wen Gong wore sheepskin-stitched fur, cowhide with swords and hats made of cooked silk, so that they could enter and leave the court. What is the reason? Because the monarch likes it, the liegeman does it. Once upon a time, King Chu Ling liked people with thin waists, so the servants of King Ling ate a meal, went on a diet, held their breath and tied their belts to hold the wall before they stood up. By the end of the year, all courtiers (hungry and thin) had dark faces. What is the reason? Because the monarch likes it, his deputies can do it. Once upon a time, the King of Yue bowed and loved the bravery of soldiers. When he trained his deputies, he first assembled them and set fire to the boat to test his soldiers, saying, "All the treasures are on this boat." The King of Yue personally drummed the drums to let the soldiers advance. When the soldiers heard the drums, they disrupted the team. 100 people died in the fire. The King of Yue rang the golden bell and asked them to step down. Therefore, Mozi said, "Eating less, dressing poorly and killing yourself to become famous are all things that the world can't do." . If the monarch likes it, then the people can do so. What's more, it's different to love each other and benefit from each other. People who love others will fall in love with others immediately; People who are beneficial to others will be immediately beneficial to him; People who hate others will hate him immediately; People who hurt others will be hurt by others. What's so hard about this universal love? It's just that people in higher positions don't have to come to politics, and scholars don't have to be officials. "
However, now the gentlemen in the world say, "Yes! Universal love is certainly good. Even so, it is impossible to do anything, just like carrying Mount Tai across the Yellow River and saving water. " Mozi said: "This metaphor is wrong. It can be said that it is powerful to lift Mount Tai across the Yellow River and save water, but no one has been able to do it since ancient times. Love and mutual benefit are completely different. The ancient holy king once did it. " how do you know In ancient times, Dayu ruled the world, and the west dredged the Xihe River and fished the sinus, discharging canal water, sun water and imperial water. Dredge the waterproof, raw water and muddy water in the north, inject them into the Hutuo River, divert them at the Zhu Zhu of the Yellow River, and cut off the Longmen for the benefit of the people in Yan, Dai, Hu, Xihe areas. The meandering water from the mainland is diverted to the east and blocked into Meng Zhuze, which is divided into nine rivers to limit the diversion of flood from the east and benefit the people of Jizhou. Drain the Yangtze River, Hanshui River, Huaihe River and Rushui River in the south, and make them flow into the sea in the east, so as to fill the land of the five lakes and benefit the people of Jingchu, wuyue and Nanyi. This is the story of Dayu, and now we should use this spirit to implement universal love. Once upon a time, Zhou Wenwang ruled the western land (referring to qi zhou), just like the sun and the moon, the radiant light shone on the four sides and the western land. He didn't rely on big countries to bully small countries, many people to bully widows and orphans, and violent forces to plunder farmers' food and livestock. God cares for King Wen's kindness, so old people without children can die, lonely people without brothers can live in crowds, and young people without parents can rely on them to grow up. This is the story of King Wen, and we should practice fraternity in this spirit now. Once upon a time, King Wu offered sacrifices to Mount Tai, so he declared, "Mount Tai! There is a saying that the great-grandson Zhou Wang has died. Now that the event has come to an end, a group of people with lofty ideals (Taigong, Zhou and Zhao) have risen to help save the adherents of Shang and Xia dynasties and ethnic minorities in all directions. Even close relatives are not as good as benevolent people. Wanfang people are guilty, and I bear it alone. " this means
Zhou Wuwang's deeds, we should now use this spirit to implement fraternity.
Therefore, Mozi said: "The gentleman in the world now really wants the wealth of the world and hates its poverty." If you want the world to be well governed and hate its chaos, you should love each other and benefit from each other. This is the rule of the holy king and the rule of the world, and we must work hard to do it. "
Brief introduction of Mozi
Mozi (468-376 BC), named Zhai, was born in Song State (now Shangqiu, Henan Province) in the late Spring and Autumn Period and the early Warring States Period. He was a famous thinker, educator, scientist, strategist and social activist in the Warring States period. Mozi founded Mohism and wrote Mozi.
Mozi is divided into two parts: one part records Mozi's words and deeds, expounds Mozi's thoughts, and mainly reflects the early Mohist thoughts; On the other hand, Shang Jing, Xia Jing, Jing Shuo Shang, Jing Shuo Xia, Daqu and Xiaoqu, generally called Mo Bian or Mo Jing, embody Mohist epistemology and logical thought, and also contain many natural science contents, reflecting Mohist thought in the later period. In the history of logic, it is called late Mohist logic or Mohist logic (one of the three major logic systems in the ancient world, the other two are the logic system of ancient Greece and the theory of Buddhism); It also contains many natural sciences, especially astronomy, geometric optics and statics. Non-attack "non-attack" embodies Mohism's peaceful desire to oppose unjust war. "Universal love" advocates mutual love and mutual benefit and does not attack each other, which inevitably advocates "mutual non-attack". At that time, the annexation war was fierce, and the Shu Ren class, peasants, workers, businessmen, scholars and other lower-class aristocrats all hoped for social stability, and Mohism represented their desire to stop the war. Attack the war, "spring will waste people's cultivation of crops and trees, and autumn will waste people's harvest", "people are hungry and cold, and countless people die." And not only by the attacking country, but also by the attacking country; The result of the annexation war will lead to "the country will conquer the army at the same time, and the thief will abuse the people." In ancient times, there were more than 10,000 countries, which "destroyed the countries due to merger today" ("No Attack"). Mozi advocated that weak countries should unite and resist the merger of big countries. This theory is the forerunner of "harmony" in the Warring States period. He also asked the rulers to "tolerate my people and trust my teachers", believing that this "invincible in the world" not only developed Confucius' thought of "ruling by virtue", but also inspired Mencius' proposition of "kingly way". It seems that Mozi is an idealist who hopes to peacefully unify the world. Mozi "does not attack", but does not oppose defensive warfare. Mohist defense is very famous and is called "Mo Shou". The following eleven chapters of Mozi's "Preparing the City Gate" record their experience in manufacturing and using defensive weapons. They helped the attacked country resist resistance. In the article "Public Loss", it is recorded that a famous craftsman made a siege ladder for Chu, and Chu was going to use it to attack the State of Song. When Mozi heard the news in Lu, he hurried for ten days and nights to lobby the defeated king of Chu. He also sent three hundred disciples, including Bird Slipper Li, with defensive tools to help Song Shoucheng. In this way, Mozi used his own strength to stop Chu's attack on Song State and put out an imminent war disaster in time. Mozi "didn't attack", but he didn't object to "revolutionary" wars such as "Tang attacked Li and Zhou", and thought that "he didn't attack, but he killed". This obviously absorbed the thought of Yi Zhuan and directly inspired Mencius' thought of "the master of one husband". Mozi also regarded the poor without food and clothing as "dissolute and heartless people" and advocated that the "lewd" behavior of "bandits and thieves" should be prohibited by using military force. He believes that "those who have five armor shields win and are invincible, so those who have five armor shields are saints" (on frugality). On the one hand, Mozi advocated the use of force to maintain public order; On the other hand, it also shows that Mozi did not stand on the position of the lower poor. He is only the political representative of the upper class. He wants to safeguard his vested interests and protect private property.